Role of noncoding RNA in drug resistance of prostate cancer

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer around the world. Androgen-deprivation treatment and chemotherapy are the curative approaches used to suppress prostate cancer progression. However, drug resistance is extensively and hard to overcome even though remarkable progress has been made in recent decades. Noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are a group of cellular RNAs which participate in various cellular processes and diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has highlighted the vital role of non-coding RNA in the development of drug resistance in prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize the important roles of these three classes of noncoding RNA in drug resistance and the potential therapeutic applications in this disease.

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The emerging role of noncoding RNA in prostate cancer progression and its implication on diagnosis and treatment

10.31234/osf.io/4u2sd ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lungwani Muungo

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Castration Resistant ◽

Insight Into ◽

Generation Sequencing

Recent transcriptome studies using next-generation sequencing have detected aberrant changes in the expression of noncodingRNAs (ncRNAs) associated with cancer. For prostate cancer, the expression levels of ncRNAs including microRNAsand long noncoding RNAs are strongly associated with diagnosis, carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Moreover, androgenand its cognate receptor, androgen receptor (AR), regulate various signaling pathways for prostate tumor growth. In addition,progression to lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is also owing to AR function. Systematic analysis ofAR-binding sites and their regulated transcripts revealed that many ncRNAs are widely regulated at the transcriptionallevel. Thus, recent studies provide new insight into the complicated molecular mechanism of prostate cancer progression.This review focused on the role of various ncRNAs in prostate cancer and the association between their expression andCRPC.

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Circ_0044516 Regulates miR-136/MAT2A Pathway to Facilitate Lung Cancer Development

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/5510869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yue-Wei Chen ◽

Qiu-Rong Du ◽

Yu-Juan He ◽

Wen-Shu Chen ◽

Wen-Yang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Vital Role ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Lung Cancer Patients

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that can interact with miRNAs to regulate gene expression. However, little is known concerning circRNA, which is crucial in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. To date, limited studies have explored the role of circ_0044516 in lung cancer progression. Recently, we observed that circ_0044516 expression levels were obviously elevated in lung cancer tissues and cells. A549 and SPCA1 cells were transfected with circ_0044516 siRNA. We observed that knockdown of circ_0044516 dramatically repressed cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and repressed the cell cycle. Moreover, A549 and SPCA1 cell migration and invasion abilities were greatly repressed by circ_0044516 siRNA. Due to accumulating evidence demonstrating the vital role of cancer stem cells, their mechanism of involvement has drawn increasing attention in tumor progression and metastasis research. We also found that cancer stem cell properties were restrained by silencing circ_0044516 in A549 and SPC-A1 cells. Moreover, in vivo xenograft experiments showed that circ_0044516 downregulation reduced tumor growth. Mechanistically, in lung cancer and using bioinformatics, we demonstrated that circ_0044516 sponges miR-136 targeting MAT2A. Furthermore, rescue assays were carried out to identify that circ_0044516 modulates cell proliferation, invasion, and stemness by regulating miR-136 and MAT2A in lung cancer. In summary, our study revealed that the circ_0044516/miR-136/MAT2A axis is involved in lung cancer progression. Our findings may provide novel targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in lung cancer patients.

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The Role of miRNA-7 in the Biology of Cancer and Modulation of Drug Resistance

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14020149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Ewa Gajda ◽

Małgorzata Grzanka ◽

Marlena Godlewska ◽

Damian Gawel

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cellular Pathways

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules capable of regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Imbalances in the miRNA network have been associated with the development of many pathological conditions and diseases, including cancer. Recently, miRNAs have also been linked to the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR). MiR-7 is one of the extensively studied miRNAs and its role in cancer progression and MDR modulation has been highlighted. MiR-7 is engaged in multiple cellular pathways and acts as a tumor suppressor in the majority of human neoplasia. Its depletion limits the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies, while its restoration sensitizes cells to the administered drugs. Therefore, miR-7 might be considered as a potential adjuvant agent, which can increase the efficiency of standard chemotherapeutics.

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circRNAs: Insight Into Their Role in Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.780744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Saili Duan ◽

Shan Wang ◽

Tao Huang ◽

Junpu Wang ◽

Xiaoqing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Vital Role ◽

Stable Form ◽

Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Insight Into

Currently, it is well known that the tumor microenvironment not only provides energy support for tumor growth but also regulates tumor signaling pathways and promotes the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment, especially the function and mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), has attracted great attention. TAMs are the most common immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors. circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique, widespread, and stable form of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), but little is known about the role of circRNAs in TAMs or how TAMs affect circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the specific manifestations of circRNAs that affect the tumor-associated macrophages and play a significant role in tumor progression. This review helps improve our understanding of the association between circRNAs and TAMs, thereby promoting the development and progress of potential clinical targeted therapies.

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Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 in Cellular Stemness

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5348

Author(s):

Pei-Fang Hsieh ◽

Cheng-Chia Yu ◽

Pei-Ming Chu ◽

Pei-Ling Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Lineage Differentiation ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Regulatory Functions ◽

Long Non Coding Rna ◽

Large Repertoire

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a diverse array of cellular processes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA MEG3 exerts a large repertoire of regulatory functions in cellular stemness. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA MEG3 functions as a signal, scaffold, guide, and decoy for multi-lineage differentiation and even cancer progression. The role of MEG3 in various types of stem cells and cancer stem cells is discussed. Here, we provide an overview of the functional versatility of lncRNA MEG3 in modulating pluripotency, differentiation, and cancer stemness.

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The Role of miRNA-424 in Various Cancers: Focusing on Drug Resistance and Sensitivity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1108254/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Najafi ◽

Shohreh Karimi ◽

Bahareh Kazemi ◽

Zahra Foruzandeh ◽

Sajjad Vakili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Target Therapy ◽

High Drug ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Advanced Technologies ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Very High ◽

Posttranscriptional Level

Abstract However, advanced technologies have been developed in the treatment of various cancers the mortality rate of this disease is still very high. Drug resistance is a major problem for cancer patients which causes the treatment process to fail. In addition to inhibiting drug resistance, targeted therapy is also very important in its treatment. Nowadays, miRNAs have gained increasing interest in recent years which play a major role in both drug resistance and target therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important part of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. One of these microRNAs is miR-424 that by targeting genes involved in various cellular processes can participate in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance and sensitivity. In this study, we collected the role of miR-424 in a variety of cancers and by identifying the role of miR-424 in drug resistance we can reduce the effect of drug resistance in many cancers.

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