scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 in Cellular Stemness

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5348
Author(s):  
Pei-Fang Hsieh ◽  
Cheng-Chia Yu ◽  
Pei-Ming Chu ◽  
Pei-Ling Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Large Repertoire

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a diverse array of cellular processes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA MEG3 exerts a large repertoire of regulatory functions in cellular stemness. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA MEG3 functions as a signal, scaffold, guide, and decoy for multi-lineage differentiation and even cancer progression. The role of MEG3 in various types of stem cells and cancer stem cells is discussed. Here, we provide an overview of the functional versatility of lncRNA MEG3 in modulating pluripotency, differentiation, and cancer stemness.

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNA Polymorphisms in Cancer Chemotherapeutic Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Meng Gu ◽  
Zhongze Gu ◽  
Yan-Ru Lou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Response ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Personalized Oncology ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Genetic polymorphisms are defined as the presence of two or more different alleles in the same locus, with a frequency higher than 1% in the population. Since the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which refer to a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, their biological roles have been increasingly revealed in recent years. They regulate many cellular processes, from pluripotency to cancer. Interestingly, abnormal expression or dysfunction of lncRNAs is closely related to the occurrence of human diseases, including cancer and degenerative neurological diseases. Particularly, their polymorphisms have been found to be associated with altered drug response and/or drug toxicity in cancer treatment. However, molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, which are expected to be discovered by detailed studies of RNA–protein, RNA–DNA, and RNA–lipid interactions. In conclusion, lncRNAs polymorphisms may become biomarkers for predicting the response to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Here we review and discuss how gene polymorphisms of lncRNAs affect cancer chemotherapeutic response. This knowledge may pave the way to personalized oncology treatments.

scholarly journals LncRNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression by sponging miR-503 to upregulate ARL2 expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Dongmei Yao ◽  
Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) is a huge threat to the health of women worldwide. Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) was proved to be associated with the development of diverse human cancers, including CC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of PVT1 in CC progression remains unclear. Levels of PVT1, microRNA-503 (miR-503), and ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (ARL2) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to examine cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. For migration and invasion detection, transwell assay was performed. The interaction between miR-503 and PVT1 or ARL2 was shown by dual luciferase reporter assay. A nude mouse model was constructed to clarify the role of PVT1 in vivo. PVT1 and ARL2 expressions were increased, whereas miR-503 expression was decreased in CC tissues and cells. PVT1 was a sponge of miR-503, and miR-503 targeted ARL2. PVT1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells, which could be largely reverted by miR-503 inhibitor. In addition, upregulated ARL2 could attenuate si-PVT1-mediated anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects on CC cells. Silenced PVT1 also inhibited CC tumor growth in vivo. PVT1 knockdown exerted tumor suppressor role in CC progression via the miR-503/ARL2 axis, at least in part.

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiri ◽  
Tala Ishola ◽  
Perla Pucci ◽  
Ricky M. Trigg ◽  
Joao Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cellular Processes

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA HULC affects the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of mesenchymal stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (13) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujun Li ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Yuchen Pan ◽  
Yujun Xu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Further studies on the molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in the maintenance of growth and function are essential for their clinical application. Growing evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, it is reported that highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), with another lncRNA MALAT-1, accelerated liver cancer stem cell growth. The regulating role of MALAT-1 in mesenchymal stem cells has been investigated. However, the effects of HULC on the mesenchymal stem cells are unknown. In this study, we overexpressed HULC in mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and analyzed the cell phenotypes, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We found that overexpression of HULC significantly promotes cell proliferation through promoting cell division and inhibits cell apoptosis. HULC-overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells migrate and invade faster than control mesenchymal stem cells. HULC has no effect on phenotypes and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, we found that the expression of HULC in mesenchymal stem cells could be reduced by several inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TGF-β1, and R848. Taken together, our data demonstrated that HULC has a vital role in the growth and function maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells without affecting differentiation. Impact statement Exploring the molecular mechanisms of growth and function in MSCs is the key to improve their clinical therapeutic effects. Currently, more and more evidence show that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the growth, stemness and function of MSCs.Both HULC and MALAT1 are the earliest discovered LNCRNAs, which are closely related to tumor growth. All of them can promote the growth of liver cancer stem cells. Previously, we have studied the effects of MALAT1 on the growth and function of MSCs. In this study, we focused on the effects of HULC on MSCs. We elucidated the effects of HULC on the growth and differentiation of MSCs, and explored the relationship between inflammatory stimuli and HULC expression in MSCs. Our findings provide a new molecular target for the growth and clinical application of MSCs.

The functional role of oncogenic lncRNA BCAR4 for cancer outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Wang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Yuxuan Cai ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Jiacheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Cancer Outcome ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) is a characterized oncogenic lncRNA in different cancers. This review is dedicated to summarize various molecular mechanisms of BCAR4 and demonstrate that the biological functions exerted by BCAR4 are good entry points for therapy. Methods: The molecular mechanism of BCAR4 acting on tumors is summarized by reviewing PubMed. Results: The expression of lncRNA BCAR4 is abnormally increased in all kinds of tumors, including colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, chondrosarcoma, glioma, breast cancer, glioma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, etc. Besides, BCAR4 mediates multiple processes involved in carcinogenesis, including proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptosis, migration. Conclusion: BCAR4 may show great clinical value in this direction as a therapeutic cancer target.

The Role of Tumor-related LncRNA PART1 in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlan Chen ◽  
Enqing Meng ◽  
Yexiang Lin ◽  
Yujie Shen ◽  
Chengyu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: As we all know, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) affects tumor progression, which has caused a great upsurge in recent years. It can also affect the growth, migration, and invasion of tumors. When we refer to the abnormal expression of lncRNA, we will find it associated with malignant tumors. In addition, lncRNA has been proved to be a key targeted gene for the treatment of some diseases. PART1, a member of lncRNA, has been reported as a regulator in the process of tumor occurrence and development. This study aims to reveal the biological functions, specific mechanisms, and clinical significance of PART1 in various tumor cells. Methods: Through the careful search of PUBMED, the mechanisms of the effect of PART1 on tumorigenesis and development are summarized. Results: On the one hand, the up-regulated expression of PART1 plays a tumor-promoting role in tumors, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and so on. On the other hand, PART1 is down-regulated in gastric cancer, glioma and other tumors to play a tumor inhibitory role. In addition, PART1 regulates tumor growth mainly by targeting microRNA such as miR-635, directly regulating the expression of proteins such as FUS/EZH2, affecting signal pathways such as the Toll-like receptor pathway, or regulating immune cells. Conclusion: PART1 is closely related to tumors by regulating a variety of molecular mechanisms. In addition, PART1 can be used as a clinical marker for the early diagnosis of tumors and plays an important role in tumor-targeted therapy.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plant Defense Against Fungal Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
Weiguo Hu ◽  
Wanquan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Growing interest and recent evidence have identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as the potential regulatory elements for eukaryotes. LncRNAs can activate various transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that impact cellular functions though multiple regulatory functions. Recently, a large number of lncRNAs have also been identified in higher plants, and an understanding of their functional role in plant resistance to infection is just emerging. Here, we focus on their identification in crop plant, and discuss their potential regulatory functions and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in plant pathogen stress responses, referring to possible examples in a model plant. The knowledge gained from a deeper understanding of this colossal special group of plant lncRNAs will help in the biotechnological improvement of crops.

Elucidating the role of the long non-coding RNA dancr in leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S124
Author(s):  
Marius Bill ◽  
Malith Karunasiri ◽  
Matthew Burke ◽  
Allison Walker ◽  
Stefano Volinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Stem Cells ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals LncRNAs and PRC2: Coupled Partners in Embryonic Stem Cells

Epigenomes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fiorenzano ◽  
Emilia Pascale ◽  
Eduardo Jorge Patriarca ◽  
Gabriella Minchiotti ◽  
Annalisa Fico
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Rna Genes

The power of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lies in their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Behind these two unique capabilities is a fine-tuned molecular network that shapes the genetic, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic ESC plasticity. Although RNA has been shown to be functionally important in only a small minority of long non-coding RNA genes, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the pivotal and intricate role of lncRNAs in chromatin remodeling. Due to their multifaceted nature, lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and are emerging as new modulators of extensive gene expression programs through their participation in ESC-specific regulatory circuitries. Here, we review the tight cooperation between lncRNAs and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is intimately involved in determining and maintaining the ESC epigenetic landscape. The lncRNA-PRC2 partnership is fundamental in securing the fully pluripotent state of ESCs, which must be primed to differentiate properly. We also reflect on the advantages brought to this field of research by the advent of single-cell analysis.

DLX6-AS1: An Indispensable Cancer-related Long Non-coding RNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyu Hu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Yexiang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: There is increasing evidence that lncRNA, a type of transcript which is over 200 nucleotides in length may serve as oncogenes or suppressor genes are implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In particular, tumorigenesis and progress are closely correlated with its abnormal expression. In addition, it may become a promising target for many oncology biotherapies. Abnormal DLX6-AS1 expression affects different cellular processes such as proliferation, aggression and metastasis. This review aims to probe into the pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of DLX6-AS1 in various cancers. Methods: By retrieving the literature, this review summarizes the biological function and mechanism of LncRNA DLX6- AS1 in tumor occurrence. Results: The lncRNA DLX6-AS1 is a new tumor-related RNA that has recently been found to be aberrantly expressed in a divers cancers, containing pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma, glioma, hepatocellular cancer, colorectal carcinoma, renal carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell cancer, ovarian cancer, Ewing sarcoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, neuroblastoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, squamous laryngeal cancer and bladder cancer, etc. Meanwhile, it is identified DLX6-AS1 regulates the aggression, translocation and proliferation of diverse cancers. Conclusion: LncRNA DLX6-AS1 may be viable markers in tumors or a potential therapeutic target for multiple tumors.

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