scholarly journals Current landscape of tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs in glioma progression, detection, and drug resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao He ◽  
Yiwei Qi ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Xiaojin Liu ◽  
Xingbo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractGlioma is the most common and fatal tumor of the central nervous system in humans. Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents, glioma still has a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma is of highly complex heterogeneity, which relies on a network-based communication between glioma cells and other stromal cell types. Exosomes are the most common type of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 40 to 160 nm, and can serve as carriers for proteins, RNAs, and other biologically active molecules. Recent evidence has shown that glioma-derived exosomes (GDEs) can be integrally detected in the local tissue and circulatory blood samples, and also can be transferred to recipient cells to mediate transmission of genetic information. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly including microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, account for a large portion of the human transcriptome. A broad range of ncRNAs encapsulated in GDEs is reported to exert regulatory functions in various pathophysiological processes of glioma. Herein, this review summarizes the latest findings on the fundamental roles of GDE ncRNAs that have been implicated in glioma behaviors, immunological regulation, diagnosis potential, and treatment resistance, as well as the current limitations and perspectives. Undoubtedly, a thorough understanding of this area will provide comprehensive insights into GDE-based clinical applications for combating gliomas.

scholarly journals Therapies Targeted at Non-Coding RNAs in Prevention and Limitation of Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling—Current Experience and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5718
Author(s):  
Michal Kowara ◽  
Sonia Borodzicz-Jazdzyk ◽  
Karolina Rybak ◽  
Maciej Kubik ◽  
Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and is a main cause of heart failure. This disease appears as a final point of atherosclerotic plaque progression, destabilization, and rupture. As a consequence of cardiomyocytes death during the infarction, the heart undergoes unfavorable cardiac remodeling, which results in its failure. Therefore, therapies aimed to limit the processes of atherosclerotic plaque progression, cardiac damage during the infarction, and subsequent remodeling are urgently warranted. A hopeful therapeutic option for the future medicine is targeting and regulating non-coding RNA (ncRNA), like microRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In this review, the approaches targeted at ncRNAs participating in the aforementioned pathophysiological processes involved in myocardial infarction and their outcomes in preclinical studies have been concisely presented.

scholarly journals Beyond the RNA-dependent function of LncRNA genes

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Ali ◽  
Phillip Grote
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Lncrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Function ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Lncrna Locus ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

While long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, the focus regarding their mechanisms of action has been primarily on the RNA product of these genes. Recent work on several lncRNAs genes demonstrates that not only is the produced RNA species important, but also that transcription of the lncRNA locus alone can have regulatory functions. Like the functions of lncRNA transcripts, the mechanisms that underlie these genome-based functions are varied. Here we highlight some of these examples and provide an outlook on how the functional mechanisms of a lncRNA gene can be determined.

scholarly journals Neev, a novel long non-coding RNA, is expressed in chaetoblasts during regeneration of Eisenia fetida

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh Patel ◽  
Sanyami Zunjarrao ◽  
Beena Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Mirna Sponge ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractEisenia fetida, the common vermicomposting earthworm, shows robust regeneration of posterior segments removed by amputation. During the period of regeneration, the newly formed tissue initially contains only undifferentiated cells but subsequently differentiates into a variety of cell types including muscle, nerve and vasculature. Transcriptomics analysis, reported previously, provided a number of candidate non-coding RNAs that were induced during regeneration. We found that one such long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is expressed in the skin, only at the base of newly formed chaetae. The spatial organization and precise arrangement of the regenerating chaetae and the cells expressing the lncRNA on the ventral side clearly support a model wherein the regenerating tissue contains a zone of growth and cell division at the tip and a zone of differentiation at the site of amputation. The temporal expression pattern of the lncRNA, christened Neev, closely resembled the pattern of chitin synthase genes, implicated in chaetae formation. We found that the lncRNA harbours 49 sites for binding a set of four miRNAs while the Chitin Synthase 8 mRNA comprises 478 sites. The over-representation of shared miRNA sites suggests that lncRNA Neev may act as a miRNA sponge to transiently de-repress chitin synthase 8 during formation of new chaetae in the regenerating segments of Eisenia fetida.Summary statementThe earthworm, Eisenia fetida, regenerates posterior segments following amputation. The transcriptome of the regenerating worm revealed a novel lncRNA, expressed only at the base of regenerating chaetae. We propose that this lncRNA is a miRNA sponge that modulates chitin synthesis.

Effects of the Non-protein Amino Acids L-Canavanine and L-Canaline on the Nervous System of the Moth Manduca Sexta (L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
ANN E. KAMMER ◽  
D. L. DAHLMAN ◽  
GERALD A. ROSENTHAL
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Injection of L-canavanine, a naturally occurring arginine analogue, and of its metabolic derivative, L-canaline, induced almost continuous motor activity in adult tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.). Initially the moths flew normally, but after a time interval that depended both on the amino acid and on the dose (1-l45/μmol/g fresh weight) the moths became disorientated and muscle activity was less patterned. Canaline produced its initial effects 12-30 min after injection, whereas activity in response to canavanine began after a delay of 1-2 h. Canaline (derived from canavanine by an arginase-mediated hydrolytic cleavage) is probably the biologically active factor. Canaline did not affect axonal conduction of action potentials nor the activity of mechanoreceptors on the forewing. Canaline (22μmol/g fresh weight) prolonged the postsynaptic potential of flight muscle fibres, but after 20-40 min. the electrical activity of muscle fibres was normal. The results show that canaline alters the activity of the central nervous system of adult M. sexta, but its mode of action is unknown.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plant Defense Against Fungal Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
Weiguo Hu ◽  
Wanquan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Growing interest and recent evidence have identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as the potential regulatory elements for eukaryotes. LncRNAs can activate various transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that impact cellular functions though multiple regulatory functions. Recently, a large number of lncRNAs have also been identified in higher plants, and an understanding of their functional role in plant resistance to infection is just emerging. Here, we focus on their identification in crop plant, and discuss their potential regulatory functions and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in plant pathogen stress responses, referring to possible examples in a model plant. The knowledge gained from a deeper understanding of this colossal special group of plant lncRNAs will help in the biotechnological improvement of crops.

scholarly journals Human Endometrial Carcinogenesis Is Associated with Significant Reduction in Long Non-Coding RNA, TERRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8686
Author(s):  
Meera Adishesh ◽  
Rafah Alnafakh ◽  
Duncan M. Baird ◽  
Rhiannon E. Jones ◽  
Shannon Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Length Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Telomeres are transcribed as long non-coding RNAs called TERRAs (Telomeric repeat containing RNA) that participate in a variety of cellular regulatory functions. High telomerase activity (TA) is associated with endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to examine the levels of three TERRAs, transcribed at chromosomes 1q-2q-4q-10q-13q-22q, 16p and 20q in healthy (n = 23) and pathological (n = 24) human endometrium and to examine their association with cellular proliferation, TA and telomere lengths. EC samples demonstrated significantly reduced levels of TERRAs for Chromosome 16p (Ch-16p) (p < 0.002) and Chromosome 20q (Ch-20q) (p = 0.0006), when compared with the postmenopausal samples. No significant correlation was found between TERRA levels and TA but both Ch-16p and Ch-20q TERRA levels negatively correlated with the proliferative marker Ki67 (r = −0.35, p = 0.03 and r = −0.42, p = 0.01 respectively). Evaluation of single telomere length analysis (STELA) at XpYp telomeres demonstrated a significant shortening in EC samples when compared with healthy tissues (p = 0.002). We detected TERRAs in healthy human endometrium and observed altered individual TERRA-specific levels in malignant endometrium. The negative correlation of TERRAs with cellular proliferation along with their significant reduction in EC may suggest a role for TERRAs in carcinogenesis and thus future research should explore TERRAs as potential therapeutic targets in EC.

scholarly journals Attention-based deep multiple instances learning for classifying circular RNA and other long non-coding RNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhe Liu ◽  
Qiqing Fu ◽  
Xueqing Peng ◽  
Chaoyu Zhu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Strong Representation ◽  
Handwritten Digit ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Sparse Features ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a distinguishable circular formed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which has specific roles in transcriptional regulation, multiple biological processes. The identification of circRNA from other lncRNA is necessary for relevant research. In this study, we designed attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) network architecture, which can be fed with raw sequence, to learn the sparse features in sequences and accomplish the identification task for circRNAs. The model outperformed previously reported models. Following the effectiveness validation of the attention score by the handwritten digit dataset, the key sequence loci underlying circRNAs recognition were obtained based on the corresponding attention score. Moreover, the motif enrichment analysis of the extracted key sequences identified some of the key motifs for circRNA formation. In conclusion, we designed a deep learning network architecture suitable for gene sequence learning with sparse features and implemented to the circRNA identification, and the network has a strong representation capability with its indication of some key loci.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA SNHG3 accelerates progression in glioma by modulating miR-384/HDGF axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 654-664
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Weixin Zheng ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Ruisheng Lin ◽  
Chunyang Xing
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractGlioma is a malignant primary brain tumor that occurs in the central nervous system and has threatened the well-being of millions of patients. It is well acknowledged that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG3 participates in the regulation of proliferation, inflation, differentiation, and metastasis in many cancers. However, the regulatory effect of SNHG3 on glioma progression is still controversial. The expression of SNHG3 and HDGF was upregulated, whereas miR-384 was downregulated in glioma tissues, compared with the normal tissues. Interestingly, high SNHG3 contributed to low survival rate while low SNHG3 showed the opposite result. Moreover, SNHG3 or HDGF knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in glioma. Meanwhile, restoration of HDGF abrogated the inhibition of SNHG3 silencing on glioma cell progression. Besides, miR-384 inhibitor attenuated SNHG3 silencing induced inhibition on HDGF mRNA and protein expression in A172 and SHG44 cells. LncRNA SNHG3 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma by enhancing HDGF expression via miR-384 sponging, representing the promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals CIRCULAR RNA – miRNA MEDIATED INTERACTION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 3793-3798
Author(s):  
Yordanka Doneva ◽  
◽  
Veselin Valkov ◽  
Yavor Kashlov ◽  
Galya Mihaylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Circular RNA (circRNAs) belong to the long non-coding RNA family, but unlike the linear RNA in circular RNA, the 3’ and 5’ end in the RNA molecule are joined together, forming their circular structure. Until recently, circRNAs have been believed to be a side product of splicing, but now it is known that they have a wide range of biological functions, from regulators of gene expression to regulators of other non-coding RNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs). CircRNAs have the potential of being therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diseases. There are little data and only several investigations about this type of RNAs in myocardial infarction in humans. This review summarizes the role of some new circRNA – miRNA interactions in the development of Myocardial Infarction.

scholarly journals The Role of non-coding RNA in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Yongjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Myocardial infarction (MI), one of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with high incidence and mortality rate, seriously endangers human health. The poor ways of fully repairing and regenerating the infarcted myocardium may have an impact on people's life quality, therefore scientists have devoted continuously to exploring the way of myocardial repair after MI so as to strive for a better prognosis of these patients. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified and become one of the exciting fields of research in the development of CVDs. In a wide range of areas, more and more research has found that ncRNAs play important roles in myocardial repair. This review mainly introduces some strategies for myocardial repair and the role or mechanism of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis in the repair of myocardial tissue after MI, in order to build a better understanding and find new therapeutic targets for MI.

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