The association between low lean mass and osteoporosis increases the risk of weakness, poor physical performance and frailty in Brazilian older adults: data from SARCOS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Frisoli Jr ◽  
Angela Tavares Paes ◽  
Jairo Borges ◽  
Sheila McNeill Ingham ◽  
Monica Maria Cartocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass

scholarly journals The Roles of Body Composition and Specific Strength in the Relationship Between Race and Physical Performance in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Chiles Shaffer ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Roland J Thorpe ◽  
Stephanie A Studenski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Education ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Background Socioeconomics may explain black–white differences in physical performance; few studies examine racial differences among socioeconomically similar groups. Performance is also affected by body composition and specific strength, which differ by race. We assessed whether racial differences in physical performance exist among older adults with high education and similar income and whether body composition and specific strength attenuate observed differences. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 536 men (18% black) and 576 women (28% black) aged more than 60 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Specific strength was assessed by quadricep peak torque divided by height-normalized thigh cross-sectional area and grip strength divided by body mass index-normalized appendicular lean mass. Physical performance was assessed using usual gait speed and fast 400 m walk time. Sex-stratified linear regression models, adjusted for age, height, education, and recent income, determined whether body composition or specific strength attenuated associations between race and physical performance. Results Blacks were younger, with higher weight and appendicular lean mass. Black women had higher percent fat and specific strength. In both sexes, blacks had poorer physical performance after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. In women, neither body composition nor specific strength altered the association with gait speed. In men, neither body composition nor specific strength attenuated racial differences in either performance measure. Conclusions Poorer physical performance among black compared to white older adults persists among persons with high education and similar income and cannot generally be attributed to differences in body composition or specific strength.

scholarly journals Appendicular Lean Mass Loss Does Not Impact Physical Performance Change During Caloric Restriction in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Daniel Beavers ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Kristen Beavers ◽  
Barbara Nicklas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Sit To Stand

Abstract Data from 11 six-month randomized controlled trials were pooled, with 902 participants randomized to caloric restriction (CR; n=762) or Non-CR (n=140) to determine if CR-induced appendicular lean mass (ALM) loss was associated with change in physical performance among older adults. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, exercise assignment and baseline value of the outcome, CR had significant ALM loss [-0.77 kg (95% CI: -0.89, -0.65)], while Non-CR had ALM gain [+0.28 kg (0.08, 0.49)]; p<0.001. Both groups experienced similar improvements in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score [CR: +0.45 (0.35, 0.55) vs Non-CR: +0.50 (0.30, 0.69); p=0.63] and sit-to-stand time [CR: -1.42 s (-1.81, -1.03) vs Non-CR: -1.85 s (-2.49, -1.21); p=0.19]. Change in SPPB score and sit-to-stand time was not associated with change in ALM (both p>0.15). In spite of significant ALM loss, CR resulted in overall improvements in physical performance in older adults.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associations with Components of Sarcopenia in Overweight and Obese Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mesinovic ◽  
Lachlan McMillan ◽  
Catherine Shore-Lorenti ◽  
Barbora De Courten ◽  
Peter Ebeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Extension

Ageing, obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may all contribute to poor muscle health (sarcopenia). This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional associations between MetS (International Diabetes Federation classification) and sarcopenia (revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition) in 84 overweight and obese older adults. Components of sarcopenia included muscle strength (hand grip and leg extension), physical performance (stair climb test and short physical performance battery (SPPB), including gait speed and repeated chair stands time), muscle mass (appendicular lean mass (ALM), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle size (peripheral quantitative computed tomography-determined calf and forearm cross-sectional area (CSA)) and muscle quality (muscle density and strength normalised to lean mass). Waist circumference was associated with greater muscle size, but poorer leg extension strength, chair stands and stair climb time, gait speed, SPPB scores and muscle quality measures (all p < 0.05). MetS was positively associated with ALM and forearm muscle CSA, and negatively associated with muscle quality measures and chair stands time (all p < 0.05). MetS is associated with larger muscle size, yet poorer muscle quality in overweight and obese older adults. Assessments of muscle function and quality should be considered for obese older adults and those with MetS.

scholarly journals Physical Performance Regarding Handgrip Strength in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
Gislaine Satyko Kogure ◽  
Victor Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Flávia Ganoa de Oliveira Gennaro ◽  
Rui Alberto Ferriani ◽  
Cristiana Libardi Miranda-Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to investigate the physical performance of handgrip strength (HGS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A case-control study that included 70 women with PCOS and 93 age-matched healthy women aged between 18 and 47 years with body mass index (BMI) between 18 Kg/m2–39.9 Kg/m2. The serum levels of total testosterone, androstenedione, insulin, estradiol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured. The free androgen index (FAI) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The body composition regions of interest (ROIs) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the handgrip strength (HGS) was evaluated for both the dominant and the non-dominant hands with a manual Sammons Preston (Bolingbrook, IL, US) bulb dynamometer. Results Women with PCOS had high serum levels of total testosterone (p < 0.01), androstenedione (p = 0.03), and insulin (p < 0.01), as well as high FAI (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) scores. Compared with the non-PCOS group, the PCOS group had greater total lean mass in the dominant hand (p < 0.03) and greater HGS in both the dominant and the non-dominant hands (p < 0.01). The HGS was correlated with lean mass (p < 0.01). Conclusion Women with PCOS have greater HGS. This may be associated with age and BMI, and it may be related to lean mass. In addition, the dominance effect on muscle mass may influence the physical performance regarding HGS in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Reduces the Muscle Anabolic Effect of Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Amanda Randolph ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Blake Rasmussen ◽  
Elena Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p&lt;0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

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