scholarly journals Dilution effect of the building area on energy intensity in urban residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Gao ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhong ◽  
Weiguang Cai ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
Tengfei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Consumption Energy

Abstract Urban residential buildings make large contributions to energy consumption. Energy consumption per square meter is most widely used to measure energy efficiency in urban residential buildings. This study aims to explore whether it is an appropriate indicator. An extended STIRPAT model was used based on the survey data from 867 households. Here we present that building area per household has a dilution effect on energy consumption per square meter. Neglecting this dilution effect leads to a significant overestimation of the effectiveness of building energy savings standards. Further analysis suggests that the peak of energy consumption per square meter in China’s urban residential buildings occurred in 2012 when accounting for the dilution effect, which is 11 years later than it would have occurred without considering the dilution effect. Overall, overlooking the dilution effect may lead to misleading judgments of crucial energy-saving policy tools, as well as the ongoing trend of residential energy consumption in China.

scholarly journals Simulation of NZE Green Building Design through Optimization of HVAC Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4030-4033
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Green Building Design ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Building Energy Optimization ◽  
Installation Cost

Around 40% of the electrical energy produced worldwide is consumed by the Buildings of Residential as well as Commercial types. Efficient usage and optimization of electrical energy leads to Nearly Zero Energy (NZE) Green Buildings and it helps in Economic growth and Social development in all countries. Apart from providing reduced energy consumption, Building energy optimization also minimizes the total energy costs, maximizes energy savings and consequently contribute less greenhouse gases to the environment. Though the installation cost of NZE Green building is quite high, the investment can be regained within the payback period with savings in the energy consumption. In this paper an Eco-friendly, Energy optimized, NZE Green building is designed by using efficient building simulation program known as BEOpt through HVAC technologies by considering various designing parameters at the designing stage and the distinguishments in the energy consumption, energy saving per year and CO2 emissions between conventional building and the designed prototype of NZE Green building are addressed.

Analysis of the Major Drivers of Building Energy Consumption Using the STIRPAT Model - A Case Study in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guang Cai ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
Shuang Ping Cao ◽  
Hui Juan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Tertiary Industry ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Population Urbanization

In this paper, the STIRPAT model has been used for quantitative research of the driving factors of building energy consumption in China. We use the ridge regression method to obtain the regression equation between building energy consumption and five key driving factors, including population, urbanization rate, household consumption level, per capita living space, and the development of the tertiary industry. The results show that the comsumption level has higher influence on building energy consumption in China than the other four factor, and the influence of the tertiary industry and building area factors is inferior. The influence of population factor on the growth of building energy consumption is small, but the distribution of urban and rural population factors (urbanization rate) have greater influence than the total population factor.

scholarly journals Re-discussion and Correction of Shape Coefficient for Residential Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 04096
Author(s):  
Lingkun Jia ◽  
Yiru Huang ◽  
Zhietie Yue ◽  
Perry Pei-Ju Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Shape Coefficient ◽  
Performance Research

As one of the critical concepts in residential energy performance research field, shape coefficient has long been disputed for its validity of evaluating energy consumption. Although suggestions have been brought forward to try to optimize this concept, these proposals still have shortcomings and have not been tested. Based on analysing these existing optimizing proposals, this paper starts from prototype study and summarizes the problems of concept of shape coefficient in terms of definition and relationship with building energy. According to these current issues, the reason for negatively influencing the accuracy of shape coefficient with regard to assessing the building energy consumption is confirmed. By correcting the expression of shape coefficient through inserting a correction factor related to story height, corrected shape coefficient is proposed. Combined with built residential building samples, the corrected and original shape coefficient is contrasted at the macro statistical and micro experimental levels respectively. It is found that the new coefficient has closer correlation with residential building energy performance and is more accurate in evaluating the energy consumption.

Analysis of the Driving Factors of Building Energy Consumption Growth in Smart Cities Based on the STIRPAT Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Genetic Method

Energy consumption in smart cities relates to every energy consumed to carry out an activity, produce something, or exist in a structure. The most common measurement of energy efficiency is energy consumption per square meter in city residential areas. The states’ problematic energy consumption characteristics in smart cities may include climatic change, rainfall issues, water scarcity, and electricity generation. Thus, based on the states of households, an expanded proposed system of statistic determination impact conversion by positive, accurate technology (STIRPAT) model has been developed. STIRPAT model is collaborative research that aims to learn about the dynamic connections between human systems and the surrounding environment. There are two methods of the STIRPAT model to satisfy the characteristic of the proposed approach. The energetic counseling framework is an emerging technique that overcomes climatic change, electricity generation, and rainfall issues by sensing it in the environment. An algorithmic approach of the standard genetic method offers to conclude the problems into a cloud block mechanism for visualizing the states. Thus, the integrated technique of these two methods shows the factual implementation to overcome the statistical problems. Further research shows that, since the significant effect had been taken into account, the energy consumption per square meter in metropolitan residential buildings peak occurred eleven years later than without considering the dilution effect. The performance ratio of the STIRPAT model is estimated to be 98.3% by comparing with overall researches.

The Importance of Building Energy-Saving Show from the Change of Climate Parameters in Energy-Saving Standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiao Dong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Oil Gas

Energy-saving work has made great achievements in our country, the index of heat loss of building of per building area in new residential buildings fell sharply, but total energy consumption and the proportion of it in social total energy consumption is rising. A large number of coal, oil, gas and other fossil energy use, caused the climate warming and so on the adverse effects on the human survival environment, these phenomena, warns us to further strengthen the importance of building energy-saving work.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Sameh Monna ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Patrick Dutournie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.

scholarly journals Decarbonization of Residential Building Energy Supply: Impact of Cogeneration System Performance on Energy, Environment, and Economics

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Cheekatamarla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Impact

Electrical and thermal loads of residential buildings present a unique opportunity for onsite power generation, and concomitant thermal energy generation, storage, and utilization, to decrease primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide intensity. This approach also improves resiliency and ability to address peak load burden effectively. Demand response programs and grid-interactive buildings are also essential to meet the energy needs of the 21st century while addressing climate impact. Given the significance of the scale of building energy consumption, this study investigates how cogeneration systems influence the primary energy consumption and carbon footprint in residential buildings. The impact of onsite power generation capacity, its electrical and thermal efficiency, and its cost, on total primary energy consumption, equivalent carbon dioxide emissions, operating expenditure, and, most importantly, thermal and electrical energy balance, is presented. The conditions at which a cogeneration approach loses its advantage as an energy efficient residential resource are identified as a function of electrical grid’s carbon footprint and primary energy efficiency. Compared to a heat pump heating system with a coefficient of performance (COP) of three, a 0.5 kW cogeneration system with 40% electrical efficiency is shown to lose its environmental benefit if the electrical grid’s carbon dioxide intensity falls below 0.4 kg CO2 per kWh electricity.

scholarly journals Modifying Building Energy-Saving Design Based on Field Research into Climate Features and Local Residents’ Habits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Zhu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Zhong Yu ◽  
Ji Ni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

In China, a surging urbanization highlights the significance of building energy conservation. However, most building energy-saving schemes are designed solely in compliance with prescriptive codes and lack consideration of the local situations, resulting in an unsatisfactory effect and a waste of funds. Moreover, the actual effect of the design has yet to be thoroughly verified through field tests. In this study, a method of modifying conventional building energy-saving design based on research into the local climate and residents’ living habits was proposed, and residential buildings in Panzhihua, China were selected for trial. Further, the modification scheme was implemented in an actual project with its effect verified by field tests. Research grasps the precise climate features of Panzhihua, which was previously not provided, and concludes that Panzhihua is a hot summer and warm winter zone. Accordingly, the original internal insulation was canceled, and the shading performance of the windows was strengthened instead. Test results suggest that the consequent change of SET* does not exceed 0.5 °C, whereas variations in the energy consumption depend on the room orientation. For rooms receiving less solar radiation, the average energy consumption increased by approximately 20%, whereas for rooms with a severe western exposure, the average energy consumption decreased by approximately 11%. On the other hand, the cost savings of removing the insulation layer are estimated at 177 million RMB (1 USD ≈ 6.5 RMB) per year. In conclusion, the research-based modification method proposed in this study can be an effective tool for improving building energy efficiency adapted to local conditions.

scholarly journals Investigating Primary Factors Affecting Electricity Consumption in Non-Residential Buildings Using a Data-Driven Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoun Cho ◽  
Jeehang Lee ◽  
Jumi Baek ◽  
Gi-Seok Kim ◽  
Seung-Bok Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Building Energy Consumption

Although the latest energy-efficient buildings use a large number of sensors and measuring instruments to predict consumption more accurately, it is generally not possible to identify which data are the most valuable or key for analysis among the tens of thousands of data points. This study selected the electric energy as a subset of total building energy consumption because it accounts for more than 65% of the total building energy consumption, and identified the variables that contribute to electric energy use. However, this study aimed to confirm data from a building using clustering in machine learning, instead of a calculation method from engineering simulation, to examine the variables that were identified and determine whether these variables had a strong correlation with energy consumption. Three different methods confirmed that the major variables related to electric energy consumption were significant. This research has significance because it was able to identify the factors in electric energy, accounting for more than half of the total building energy consumption, that had a major effect on energy consumption and revealed that these key variables alone, not the default values of many different items in simulation analysis, can ensure the reliable prediction of energy consumption.

Research on Energy Consumption Quota for Public Buildings in Hebei Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Shi Long Liu ◽  
Yue Qun Xu ◽  
De Sheng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Method ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Building Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption

Based on 107 data of public building energy auditing and energy consumption statistics, using multiple linear regression method, this paper given an equation for calculating energy public building consumption quota. It can get energy consumption quota simply and conveniently. The equation was close to actual energy consumption of public buildings. It consider building area, heating degree day (HDD) and building type. The results can be help the government formulate the energy consumption quota for public buildings.

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