scholarly journals Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Deng ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Hui Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
2009 Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, where the initial wave of intense community transmissions was cut short by interventions. Using multiple data sources, here we estimate the disease burden and clinical severity by age of COVID-19 in Wuhan from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. Our estimates account for the sensitivity of the laboratory assays, prospective community screenings, and healthcare seeking behaviors. Rates of symptomatic cases, medical consultations, hospitalizations and deaths were estimated at 796 (95% CI: 703–977), 489 (472–509), 370 (358–384), and 36.2 (35.0–37.3) per 100,000 persons, respectively. The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had a higher burden than the 2009 influenza pandemic or seasonal influenza in terms of hospitalization and mortality rates, and clinical severity was similar to that of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Our comparison puts the COVID-19 pandemic into context and could be helpful to guide intervention strategies and preparedness for the potential resurgence of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Deng ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Hui Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Data Source ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
2009 Influenza Pandemic

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, where a first wave of intense community transmission was cut short by interventions. Using multiple data source, we estimated the disease burden and clinical severity of COVID-19 by age in Wuhan from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. We adjusted estimates for sensitivity of laboratory assays and accounted for prospective community screenings and healthcare seeking behaviors. Rates of symptomatic cases, medical consultations, hospitalizations and deaths were estimated at 796 (95%CI: 703-977), 489 (472-509), 370 (358-384), and 36.2 (35.0-37.3) per 100,000 persons, respectively. The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had higher burden than the 2009 influenza pandemic or seasonal influenza, and that clinical severity was similar to that of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Our comparison puts the COVID-19 pandemic into context and could be helpful to guide intervention strategies and preparedness for the potential resurgence of COVID-19.

Antisemitic or Bordering on Antisemitic? Grey Areas in Romanian Fake News Discourses in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Anca-Simina Martin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Elie Wiesel ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Jews as a collective have long served as scapegoats for epidemics and pandemics, such as the Bubonic Plague and, according to some scholars, the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic. This practice reemerged in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, when more and more fake news outlets in the US and Europe started publishing articles on a perceived linkage between Jewish communities and the novel coronavirus. What this article aims to achieve is to facilitate a dialogue between the observations on the phenomenon made by the Elie Wiesel National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania and the latest related EU reports, with a view to charting its beginnings in Romania in relation to other European countries and in an attempt to see whether Romania, like France and Germany, has witnessed the emergence of “grey area” discourses which are not fully covered by International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance working definition of antisemitism.

scholarly journals Hypercoagulation and Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronavirus 2019: A New Challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (06) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Violi ◽  
Daniele Pastori ◽  
Roberto Cangemi ◽  
Pasquale Pignatelli ◽  
Lorenzo Loffredo
Keyword(s):  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronary Ischemia ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is clinically characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for a high number of patients needing mechanical ventilation or intensive care units treatment and for the elevated mortality risk. A link between COVID-19 and multiorgan failure may be dependent on the fact that most COVID-19 patients are complicated by pneumonia, which is known to be associated with early changes of clotting and platelet activation and artery dysfunction; these changes may implicate in thrombotic-related events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Recent data showed that myocardial injury compatible with coronary ischemia may be detectable in SARS-CoV-2 patients and laboratory data exploring clotting system suggest the presence of a hypercoagulation state. Thus, we performed a systematic review of COVID-19 literature reporting measures of clotting activation to assess if changes are detectable in this setting and their relationship with clinical severity. Furthermore, we discussed the biologic plausibility of the thrombotic risk in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential use of an antithrombotic treatment.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Newborns and Infants—Low Risk of Severe Disease: Silver Lining or Dark Cloud?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munmun Rawat ◽  
Praveen Chandrasekharan ◽  
Mark D. Hicar ◽  
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dark Cloud ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Key Points ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Low Prevalence

One hundred years after the 1918 influenza pandemic, we now face another pandemic with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is considerable variability in the incidence of infection and severe disease following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data from China and the United States suggest a low prevalence of neonates, infants, and children, with those affected not suffering from severe disease. In this article, we speculate different theories why this novel agent is sparing neonates, infants, and young children. The low severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population is associated with a high incidence of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection making them efficient carriers. Key Points

scholarly journals The IMPDH inhibitor merimepodib provided in combination with the adenosine analogue remdesivir reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication to undetectable levels in vitro

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Natalya Bukreyeva ◽  
Rachel A. Sattler ◽  
Emily K. Mantlo ◽  
Timothy Wanninger ◽  
John T. Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infectious Titer ◽  
Adenosine Analogue ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Dose Dependent

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in over 2.5 million confirmed cases and 170,000 deaths worldwide as of late April 2020. The pandemic currently presents major public health and economic burdens worldwide. No vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for use to treat COVID-19 cases in the United States despite the growing disease burden, thus creating an urgent need for effective treatments. The adenosine analogue remdesivir (REM) has recently been investigated as a potential treatment option, and has shown some activity in limiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. We previously reported that the IMPDH inhibitor merimepodib (MMPD) provides a dose-dependent suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Here, we report that a 4-hour pre-treatment of Vero cells with 2.5µM MMPD reduces the infectious titer of SARS-CoV-2 more effectively than REM at the same concentration. Additionally, pre-treatment of Vero cells with both REM and MMPD in combination reduces the infectious titer of SARS-CoV-2 to values below the detectable limit of our TCID50 assay. This result was achieved with concentrations as small as 1.25 µM MMPD and 2.5 µM REM. At concentrations of each agent as low as 0.31 µM, significant reduction of viral production occurred. This study provides evidence that REM and MMPD administered in combination might be an effective treatment for COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Potential Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Thyroid: A Review

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Yuang Tian ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Jingqiang Zhu ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sweeping the world in a very short time. Although much has been learned about the clinical course, prognostic inflammatory markers, and disease complications of COVID-19, the potential interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the thyroid is poorly understood. In contrast to SARS-CoV-1, limited available evidence indicates there is no pathological evidence of thyroid injury caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, subacute thyroiditis caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been reported for the first time. Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with COVID-19 infection. By contrast, certain thyroid diseases may have a negative impact on the prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition, some anti–COVID-19 agents may cause thyroid injury or affect its metabolism. COVID-19 and thyroid disease may mutually aggravate the disease burden. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should not ignore the effect on thyroid function, especially when there are obvious related symptoms. In addition, patients with thyroid diseases should follow specific management principles during the epidemic period.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on liver dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng-hong Wu ◽  
Dong‑liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Manager ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is leading to a worldwide pandemic. Except representative manifestation of pneumonia and acute respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients have also shown different levels of liver injury or liver dysfunction. The aim of our study was to explore the probable clinical severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients and their liver dysfunction. Method A combination of computer and manual retrieval was used to search in Medline through PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to examine the heterogeneity among the studies and to calculate the combined effect value (OR, 95CI). Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias test were also performed. Results We found a significant connection between liver dysfunction and mortality of COVID-19 patients with a pooled OR of 1.98 (95% CI 1.39–2.82; P = 0.0002). There was a significant association between AST and severity of COVID-19 with a pooled OR of 4.48 (95% CI 3.24–7.21; P < 0.001), and a pooled WMD of 3.35 (95% CI, 2.07 to 4.64; P < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between TBIL and severity of COVID-19, with a pooled OR of 1.91 (95% CI 1.40–2.60; P < 0.001), and with a pooled WMD of 1.18 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.58; P < 0.001). Conclusion The mortality and severity of COVID-19 patients are significantly associated with liver dysfunction. The non-survivors and severe COVID-19 patients have elevated serum AST levels than the survivors and non-severe COVID-19 patients. The results of this study form a basis for better clinical liver management of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic spread across geographical and social borders: Can we face it?

Geografie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dagmar Dzúrová ◽  
Jan Jarolímek
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Pandemic

The global health threat of the novel coronavirus virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the most severe virus since the (A) H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918–1920. The aim of this paper is to document the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, on the basis of daily WHO and Chinese CDC data, from the time of the first recorded outbreak of the epidemic. Furthermore, the aim of the paper, based on knowledge of the epidemic cycle in the province of Hubei, is to attempt to simulate the future development of the epidemic in the Czech population. According to the optimistic prediction model, it is expected that the epidemic peak could occur in Czechia in mid-April with a daily number of 700–750 new cases. The total number of people with confirmed disease could reach roughly 20,000 (20% of people may experience serious health complications). The conclusion of the article points to the need for Czechia to build its own infrastructure to cover the needs of the state – especially in the areas of preparedness of medical facilities, medical staff, and the availability of protective equipment and medicines.

scholarly journals The Fight Against Enzy: US Libraries During the Influenza Epidemic of 1918

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lorri Mon
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2020, a pandemic of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus struck worldwide, rapidly becoming the most devastating since the 1918 global influenza pandemic. As librarians confronted entirely new challenges in how to safely manage libraries during the COVID-19 crisis, a common question was, “what happened in libraries during the 1918 influenza pandemic?” This article explores that question through the lens of government documents and news articles of the 1918-1921 time period, seeking to understand what happened then in libraries nationwide, and what we might learn from it today.

Tomographic score (RAD-Covid Score) to assess the clinical severity of infection with the novel Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Figueiredo Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Arroyo Rstom ◽  
Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto Barbosa ◽  
Maria Fernanda Arruda Almeida ◽  
Affonso Bruno Binda de Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objectives: The severity of pulmonary Covid-19 infection can be assessed by the pattern and extent of parenchymal involvement observed in computed tomography (CT), and it is important to standardize the analysis through objective, practical, and reproducible systems. We propose a method for stratifying the radiological severity of pulmonary disease, the Radiological Severity Score (RAD-Covid Score), in Covid-19 patients by quantifying infiltrate in chest CT, including assessment of its accuracy in predicting disease severity.Methods: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 infection by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, who underwent chest CT at hospital admission between March 6 and April 6, 2020. The CT scans were classified as positive, negative or equivocal, and a radiological severity score (RADCovid Score) was assigned. Clinical severity was assessed upon hospital admission, with mild cases considered suitable for home treatment, moderate cases for hospital admission and severe cases for intensive care unit admission.Results: 658 patients were included. Concordance correlation coefficient for the RAD-Covid Score was almost perfect among observers (0.833), with an overall agreement of 89.5%. The RAD-Covid Score was positively correlated with clinical severity and death, i.e., the higher the RAD-Covid Score, the greater the chance of a more severe clinical condition and mortality. This association proved independent of age and comorbidities. Accuracy of this score was 71%.Conclusions: The RAD-Covid Score showed good accuracy in predicting clinical severity at hospital admission and mortality in patients with confirmed Covid-19 infection and was an independent predictor of severity.

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