scholarly journals Policy assessments for the carbon emission flows and sustainability of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrong Jiang ◽  
Yuze Li ◽  
Quanying Lu ◽  
Yongmiao Hong ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
A Site ◽  
Emission Output

AbstractThe growing energy consumption and associated carbon emission of Bitcoin mining could potentially undermine global sustainable efforts. By investigating carbon emission flows of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China with a simulation-based Bitcoin blockchain carbon emission model, we find that without any policy interventions, the annual energy consumption of the Bitcoin blockchain in China is expected to peak in 2024 at 296.59 Twh and generate 130.50 million metric tons of carbon emission correspondingly. Internationally, this emission output would exceed the total annualized greenhouse gas emission output of the Czech Republic and Qatar. Domestically, it ranks in the top 10 among 182 cities and 42 industrial sectors in China. In this work, we show that moving away from the current punitive carbon tax policy to a site regulation policy which induces changes in the energy consumption structure of the mining activities is more effective in limiting carbon emission of Bitcoin blockchain operation.

scholarly journals Policy Assessments for the Carbon Emission Flows and Sustainability of Bitcoin Blockchain Operation in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrong Jiang ◽  
Yuze Li ◽  
Quanying Lu ◽  
Yongmiao Hong ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Benchmark Assessments ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Policy Interventions

Abstract The large energy consumption and the associated carbon emission of the Bitcoin blockchain operations are growing to a non-negligible problem that could potentially undermine the sustainable efforts of many countries around the world. In this paper, we make the first and original attempt to investigate the carbon emission flows of the Bitcoin blockchain operations in China under different carbon policies with a Bitcoin blockchain carbon emission (BBCE) model. We find that without any policy interventions, the annual energy consumption of the Bitcoin blockchain in China is expected to maximize in 2024 at 296.59 Twh and generate 130.50 million metric tons of carbon emission flows correspondingly, which would exceed the annualized greenhouse gas emission level of the Czech Republic and Portugal in 2016. Moreover, the maximum carbon emission per GDP of the Bitcoin industry is estimated to reach 10.77 kg/USD in June 2026 based on benchmark assessments. In addition, policies that induce changes in the energy consumption structure of the mining activities may be more effective than intuitive punitive measures in limiting the total amount of carbon emission in the Bitcoin blockchain operation. In particular, we find that market access policy has an incentive effect on the emission reduction of the Bitcoin industry. After evaluating the policy effectiveness, we provide some novel insights for the sustainable operations of the disruptive blockchain technology by analyzing the carbon emissions pattern of the Bitcoin blockchain.

scholarly journals A Case Study of an Office Building to Identify Energy Consumption and Carbon Management Solutions Using Physical Data and Simulation Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Ramesh Subramaniam ◽  
Vignes Ponniah ◽  
Shalini Sanmargaraja ◽  
Eric Lou ◽  
Muhammad Afiq Bin Nor Adli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Physical Data

Abstract To measure the level of energy performance of a building, there are several categories of energy consumption to be calculated such as oil, natural gas and electricity. In order to significantly minimise the Greenhouse gas emission in an office, it is important to tap into the positive progress of energy efficiency of equipment which contributes to total energy performance of a building. Consequently, to enable accurate building energy consumption of a building, energy modelling method is applied to identify total consumption and cost of energy usage with effects of carbon emission. Hence, this will help to reduce the costing of energy inside building with differences of efficiency options. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse an office building in terms of the level of energy consumption and carbon emission as a case study. The first objective is to identify the amount of energy consumption and carbon emission inside the building using the simulation software. Secondly, to identify the differences between the data recorded through simulation software and physical data. Finally, to identify solutions to decrease the carbon emission by applying measures towards reducing energy consumption inside the building.

Study on Dynamic Change of Carbon Emission in Zhengzhou

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1353-1358
Author(s):  
Ya Li Li ◽  
Yao Chen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The Impact

In order to explore the impact of the fossil energy consumption,industrial production and population on regional carbon cycle , this paper estimated the dynamic changes of carbon emissions from 2000 to 2009 in Zhengzhou based on the quantitative emission model proposed by IPCC and ORNL. The results show that the total carbon emissions in Zhengzhou was 48944.2 ×104t during 2000~ 2009, among which 83.3% came from fossil fuel combustion,7.7% from industrial production process and 9% came from population. The carbon emissions of fossil energy consumption and industrial production increases gradually.The carbon emission of coal was the highest among all kinds of fossil fuels,occupying 97.1% of the total emission of fossil fuel consumption. The carbon emissions increase progressively and surpass the national average level from 2000 to 2009 in China. And the carbon emissions for 100 million yuan GDP is increasing.Finally, some measures are proposed for the carbon emission reduction in Zhengzhou

Mining and Analyzing Energy Layout on Carbon Emission Intensities of Industrial Sectors

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 857-860
Author(s):  
Zuo Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Policy ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Industrial Distribution ◽  
Data Group

Energy consumption structure optimum is gradually discussed in recent literatures. Based on hierarchical clustering of optimally close to content demand of data group mine and analysis, industrial sectors layout on carbon emission intensity is researched. Computed carbon emission drawn support from IPCC methodological framework, formed carbon emission intensities of emissions divided by sectors GDP respectively, and transformed calculated figures into CDF of the continuous uniform distribution to cultivate the standardized data. Resulting of the case presents that there are two categories with types of v and inversed v after mining and analyzing 37 industrial sectors data in 2006-2011. Findings are that 39% annual max paired difference of emission intensities is appeared, and the divergence of energy consumption structure is significantly obtained, which is conducive to the whole industrial distribution of low carbon policy-making.

scholarly journals Optimization of liner route allocation considering carbon emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Yongcen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Management Fees ◽  
Ship Management

With the general awareness of energy and environmental issues in the whole society, the issue of greenhouse gas emission reduction has gradually become the focus of attention. Ocean transport undertakes more than 90% of the world's cargo transportation and also produces a large amount of carbon dioxide. In order to achieve carbon emission reduction in the shipping industry, in June 2012, the ECOFIN proposed to impose a Maritime Carbon Tax, which will increase the operating costs of shipping companies. In view of this, it is of great significance to consider carbon emission factors in the optimization of liner routes. This paper considers the carbon emissions of maritime transportation, establishes a mathematical model that minimizes operating costs such as maritime carbon tax, ship management fees, and fuel costs, verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm through calculation examples, and provides a plan for the carrier to make optimization decisions on liner route allocation.

scholarly journals Examining the Driving Factors of the Direct Carbon Emissions of Households in the Ebinur Lake Basin Using the Extended STIRPAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Chai ◽  
Zibibula Simayi ◽  
Zhihan Yang ◽  
Shengtian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Ebinur Lake ◽  
Ebinur Lake Basin

In order to achieve the carbon emission reduction targets in Xinjiang, it has become a necessary condition to study the carbon emission of households in small and medium-sized cities in Xinjiang. This paper studies the direct carbon emissions of households (DCEH) in the Ebinur Lake Basin, and based on the extended STIRPAT model, using the 1987–2017 annual time series data of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang to analyze the driving factors. The results indicate that DCEH in the Ebinur Lake Basin during the 31 years from 1987 to 2017 has generally increased and the energy structure of DCEH has undergone tremendous changes. The proportion of coal continues to decline, while the proportion of natural gas, gasoline and diesel is growing rapidly. The main positive driving factors affecting its carbon emissions are urbanization, vehicle ownership and GDP per capita, while the secondary driving factor is residents’ year-end savings. Population, carbon intensity and energy consumption structure have negative effects on carbon emissions, of which energy consumption structure is the main factor. In addition, there is an environmental Kuznets curve between DCEH and economic development, but it has not yet reached the inflection point.

scholarly journals The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Shuyang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag

In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Energy Consumption and the Carbon Emission in the Building Structures by Optimization of the Construction Processes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3287
Author(s):  
Alireza Tabrizikahou ◽  
Piotr Nowotarski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

For decades, among other industries, the construction sector has accounted for high energy consumption and emissions. As the energy crisis and climate change have become a growing concern, mitigating energy usage is a significant issue. The operational and end of life phases are all included in the building life cycle stages. Although the operation stage accounts for more energy consumption with higher carbon emissions, the embodied stage occurs in a time-intensive manner. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the existing methods, aiming to lower the consumption of energy and carbon emission in the construction buildings through optimizing the construction processes, especially with the lean construction approach. First, the energy consumption and emissions for primary construction materials and processes are introduced. It is followed by a review of the structural optimization and lean techniques that seek to improve the construction processes. Then, the influence of these methods on the reduction of energy consumption is discussed. Based on these methods, a general algorithm is proposed with the purpose of improving the construction processes’ performance. It includes structural optimization and lean and life cycle assessments, which are expected to influence the possible reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions during the execution of construction works.

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