scholarly journals Net-zero emission targets for major emitting countries consistent with the Paris Agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen L. van Soest ◽  
Michel G. J. den Elzen ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Phase Out

AbstractOver 100 countries have set or are considering net-zero emissions or neutrality targets. However, most of the information on emissions neutrality (such as timing) is provided for the global level. Here, we look at national-level neutrality-years based on globally cost-effective 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios from integrated assessment models. These results indicate that domestic net zero greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions in Brazil and the USA are reached a decade earlier than the global average, and in India and Indonesia later than global average. These results depend on choices like the accounting of land-use emissions. The results also show that carbon storage and afforestation capacity, income, share of non-CO2 emissions, and transport sector emissions affect the variance in projected phase-out years across countries. We further compare these results to an alternative approach, using equity-based rules to establish target years. These results can inform policymakers on net-zero targets.

scholarly journals Strategic management or sustainable decisions in business: A case of greening the transport companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Olena Shkarupa ◽  
Dmytro Vlasenko ◽  
Svitlana Vesperis ◽  
Alla Treus ◽  
Zuzana Juhaszova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Accounting Data

Elaboration of steps for the strategic management of environmentally sound business solutions is essential for achieving sustainable development goals in Ukraine. Although strategic directions for decarbonization of the transport sector have already been developed at the national level, effectiveness of sustainable decision-making is closely related to the greening initiative on the local level. The purpose of the paper is to form a framework of greening strategy and sustainable decision-making for transport companies that is based on the necessity to reduce emissions. The research findings are obtained using the systems analysis, SWOT analysis, and cost-benefit method. The paper proves that choosing biogas (methane) as a main transport fuel is a viable and cost-effective initiative and can be used as a financial ground for the company’s strategic formation process that involves both tactical and organizational dimensions. The analysis results also showed threats and opportunities for greening based on switching transport companies to biogas and requiring steps of governmental support in developing biogas station networks. According to the green course, this study also reveals the possibility of establishing strategic management due to an authority delegation map between services and top management of a transport company. The study has made it possible to improve strategic management of a transport company by developing an optimal scheme of interaction between stakeholders and departments in strategic leadership for greening. AcknowledgmentThis study is a part of the Scientific Project “Modeling the Transfer of Eco-Innovations in the Enterprise-Region-State System: Impact on Ukraine’s Economic Growth and Security” (№ 0119U100364), which is financed by the state budget of Ukraine.On behalf of Zuzana Juhaszova’s contribution, this paper was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-16-0602 Enhancement of the relevance of the accounting data in the SR – from expenses to value.

Makroprudentielle Aufsicht

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenz Bergk
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
National Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Global Level ◽  
European Level ◽  
Single Supervisory Mechanism ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

In this comprehensive and clearly structured work, the author addresses the various facets of macroprudential supervision using an impressive functional and comparative approach (which involves Germany, the UK, Slovenia and the USA). He assesses how macroprudential actors should be organised and which powers are necessary for them to fulfil their tasks appropriately. In doing so, he not only includes selected actors from EU Member States, but also US ones. At the European level, the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is the outstanding macroprudential body. Nevertheless, the author attempts to determine which position is assigned to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) in the macroprudential system at this level. Additionally, he examines the relevant actors involved in safeguarding financial stability at a global level and the forms of macroprudential regulation from the global level to the national level.

Greenhouse gas metrics for net zero targets in science and policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Nauels ◽  
Carl-Friedrich Schleussner ◽  
Joeri Rogelj
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Metric Selection

<p>The treatment of non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases is central for scientific assessments of effective climate change mitigation and climate policy. Radiative forcing of a unit of emitted short-lived gases decays quickly; on the order of a decade for methane, as opposed to centuries for CO<sub>2</sub>. Metric selection for comparing the climate effect of these emissions with CO<sub>2</sub> thereby comes with choices regarding short- vs. long-term priorities to achieve mitigation. The global nature of the well-mixed atmosphere also has implications for the transferability of concepts such as global warming potentials from the global to the national scale.</p><p>Here we present the implications of metric choice on global emissions balance and net zero, with a particular emphasis on the consistency with the wider context of the Paris Agreement, both on the global as well as the national level. Stylized scenarios show that interpreting the Paris Agreement emissions goals with metrics different from the IPCC AR5 can lead to inconsistencies with the Agreement’s temperature goal. Furthermore, we illustrate that introducing metrics that depend on historical emissions in a national context raises profound questions of equity and fairness, thereby questioning the applicability of non-constant global warming potentials at any but the global level. We provide suggestions to adequately approach these issues in the context of the Paris Agreement and national policy making.</p>

scholarly journals Wave of net zero greenhouse gas emission targets opens window on meeting the Paris Agreement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Höhne ◽  
Matthew Gidden ◽  
Michel Elzen ◽  
Frederic Hans ◽  
Claire Fyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract The wave of national net zero CO2 and greenhouse gas emission targets could, if fully implemented, reduce best estimates of projected global average temperature increase to 2.1–2.4°C by 2100 and could bring achievement of the Paris Agreement within reach. 127 countries are discussing, have announced or have adopted net zero targets, which together cover 63% of global emissions. Together, these net zero targets could significantly lower projected global warming compared to currently implemented policies (2.9 to 3.2°C) or to the pledges submitted to the Paris Agreement (2.6 to 2.9°C).

scholarly journals What Will Be the Future of Biogas Sector?

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Ketija Bumbiere ◽  
Jelena Pubule ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Zero Emission

Abstract Latvia, like many other European Member States, faces major challenges in achieving climate goals within the Paris Agreement – emission reduction for 50–55 % by 2030 and net-zero emission economy by 2050. Decarbonization of the energy sector is one of the main aims and sustainable use of biogas is one of the ways to reach these targets. Although the biogas sector in Latvia is now mainly based on the production of electricity and heat in cogeneration plants, often using specially grown energy crops, and payments of the mandatory procurement component have expired, biogas plants are preparing for reconstruction for the production of biomethane with the help of European fund investments. It means that the biogas sector is moving towards a completely different operating model, based primarily on the management of agricultural waste as a feedstock, the conversion of biogas to biomethane and it is used mainly in the transport sector, but its implementation in practical terms faces various challenges. In this context, this article offers a clear vision of the development of the biogas sector in the next decade in Latvia. It uses a sustainability SWOT analysis to clearly reflect the sector’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

scholarly journals Approaches to Cost-Effective Near-Net Zero Energy New Homes with Time-of-Use Value of Energy and Battery Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 100018
Author(s):  
Max Wei ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Tianzhen Hong ◽  
Brian Conlon ◽  
Lucy McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

scholarly journals Immobilization-Free Electrochemical Sensor Coupled with a Graphene-Oxide-Based Aptasensor for Glycated Albumin Detection

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Wassa Waiwinya ◽  
Thitirat Putnin ◽  
Dechnarong Pimalai ◽  
Wireeya Chawjiraphan ◽  
Nuankanya Sathirapongsasuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Aptasensor ◽  
Alternative Approach

An immobilization-free electrochemical sensor coupled with a graphene oxide (GO)-based aptasensor was developed for glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) detection. The concentration of GHSA was monitored by measuring the electrochemical response of free GO and aptamer-bound GO in the presence of glycated albumin; their currents served as the analytical signals. The electrochemical aptasensor exhibited good performance with a base-10 logarithmic scale. The calibration curve was achieved in the range of 0.01–50 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 8.70 ng/mL. The developed method was considered a one-drop measurement process because a fabrication step and the probe-immobilization process were not required. This simple sensor offers a cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive detection method, and could be an alternative approach for determination of GHSA levels.

scholarly journals Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production in the USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7804
Author(s):  
Christoph Falter ◽  
Andreas Sizmann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Hydrogen produced from renewable energy has the potential to decarbonize parts of the transport sector and many other industries. For a sustainable replacement of fossil energy carriers, both the environmental and economic performance of its production are important. Here, the solar thermochemical hydrogen pathway is characterized with a techno-economic and life-cycle analysis. Assuming a further increase of conversion efficiency and a reduction of investment costs, it is found that hydrogen can be produced in the United States of America at costs of 2.1–3.2 EUR/kg (2.4–3.6 USD/kg) at specific greenhouse gas emissions of 1.4 kg CO2-eq/kg. A geographical potential analysis shows that a maximum of 8.4 × 1011 kg per year can be produced, which corresponds to about twelve times the current global and about 80 times the current US hydrogen production. The best locations are found in the Southwest of the US, which have a high solar irradiation and short distances to the sea, which is beneficial for access to desalinated water. Unlike for petrochemical products, the transport of hydrogen could potentially present an obstacle in terms of cost and emissions under unfavorable circumstances. Given a large-scale deployment, low-cost transport seems, however, feasible.

Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) in Albania and the surroundings

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5004 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
ROMILDA LIKA ◽  
TAMÁS DELI ◽  
ANILA PAPARISTO ◽  
ZOLTÁN P. ERŐSS ◽  
ZOLTÁN FEHÉR
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Neighbouring Region ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Reviewing historical and recently collected material of family Aciculidae from Albania and the neighbouring region, we synonymized two species and one subspecies, namely Platyla corpulenta Subai, 2009 under Platyla procax Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989; Platyla ceraunorum A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2016 under Platyla similis (Reinhardt, 1880) and Renea kobelti albanica Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989 under Renea kobelti (A. J. Wagner,1910). Four aciculid species are first mentioned for Albania: Platyla similis and Platyla procax that replace their junior synonyms; and Platyla feheri Subai, 2009 and Platyla gracilis (Clessin, 1877) that are new to the country. Furthermore, new distribution data are provided for Platyla albanica Subai, 2012, Platyla banatica (Rossmässler, 1842), Platyla wilhelmi (A. J. Wagner, 1910) and Renea kobelti (A. J. Wagner, 1910). In the light of new distribution data, their conservation statuses according to IUCN criteria are assessed at the national level and, when necessary, are re-assessed at global level.

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