Sub-second and ppm-level optical sensing of hydrogen using templated control of nano-hydride geometry and composition

AbstractThe use of hydrogen as a clean and renewable alternative to fossil fuels requires a suite of flammability mitigating technologies, particularly robust sensors for hydrogen leak detection and concentration monitoring. To this end, we have developed a class of lightweight optical hydrogen sensors based on a metasurface of Pd nano-patchy particle arrays, which fulfills the increasing requirements of a safe hydrogen fuel sensing system with no risk of sparking. The structure of the optical sensor is readily nano-engineered to yield extraordinarily rapid response to hydrogen gas (<3 s at 1 mbar H2) with a high degree of accuracy (<5%). By incorporating 20% Ag, Au or Co, the sensing performances of the Pd-alloy sensor are significantly enhanced, especially for the Pd80Co20 sensor whose optical response time at 1 mbar of H2 is just ~0.85 s, while preserving the excellent accuracy (<2.5%), limit of detection (2.5 ppm), and robustness against aging, temperature, and interfering gases. The superior performance of our sensor places it among the fastest and most sensitive optical hydrogen sensors.

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Artikel Review: Produksi Gas Hidrogen dari Reaksi Elektrolisis Sebagai Bahan Bakar Non-Fosil

UNISTEK ◽

10.33592/unistek.v8i1.1206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Ismi Nurlatifah ◽

Lily Arlianti

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Human Life ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Clean Environment

In carrying out various activities today, it cannot be separated from the fuel. As we all know, fuels that are still commonly used today are fossil fuels whose energy resources are running low. Not only that, fossil fuels have also been shown to produce air pollution. Unhealthy air conditions can certainly reduce human life expectancy. In order to make the clean environment and not polluted by the air pollution, there must be environmentally friendly fuels. The answer for this kind of fuels is hydrogen which comes from nonfossil. One way to obtain hydrogen is an electrolysis reaction. Water can produce hydrogen through electrolysis. Just a few liters of water, it can produce ten to twenty thousand liters of hydrogen gas per hour. The use of Hydrogen as a non-fossil fuel has been proven to be environmentally friendly and free of carbon monoxide. Healthy air and a clean environment are certainly our responsibility. It's time to switch by using hydrogen fuel.

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Small-Scale, Green-Powered Hydrogen Generation System

Volume 8: Energy Systems: Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; Sustainable Products and Processes ◽

10.1115/imece2008-68760 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

David Arruda ◽

David Browne ◽

Chris Thongkham ◽

Mansour Zenouzi

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Hydrogen Generation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Thermal Design ◽

Small Scale ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Generation System ◽

Average Consumer

One of the major road blocks in the transition from the current oil economy to the future hydrogen fuel economy is the availability of low cost hydrogen fuel for the average consumer. Currently, the price per kilogram of hydrogen fuel is higher than the cost of an equivalent measure of gasoline and its availability is limited to large metropolitan areas. Both of these factors prevent hydrogen from being an attractive alternative to gasoline for most consumers. The goal of this project, in a senior thermal design course, is to design and construct a low-cost hydrogen generation system for residential hydrogen fuel production and storage. The system will be powered by renewable sources of energy; namely a micro-scale wind turbine and a solar panel. The power generated will be used to power a small-scale PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas that will then be stored at low pressure in a safe, metal hydride storage tank. This relatively low cost system will provide the average consumer with the ability to safely produce hydrogen fuel for use in residential fuel cells or fuel cell-powered vehicles, making hydrogen fuel an attractive alternative to fossil fuels.

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Recent Advances in Palladium Nanoparticles-Based Hydrogen Sensors for Leak Detection

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19204478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (20) ◽

pp. 4478 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cynthia Cibaka Ndaya ◽

Nicolas Javahiraly ◽

Arnaud Brioude

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Hydrogen Sensors ◽

Effective Surface ◽

Research Teams ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Hydrogen Sensing ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Gas Molecules

Along with the development of hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier, it is imperative to develop very rapid and sensitive hydrogen leaks sensors due to the highly explosive and flammable character of this gas. For this purpose, palladium-based materials are being widely investigated by research teams because of the high affinity between this metal and hydrogen. Furthermore, nanostructured palladium may provide improved sensing performances compared to the use of bulk palladium. This arises from a higher effective surface available for interaction of palladium with the hydrogen gas molecules. Several works taking advantage of palladium nanostructures properties for hydrogen sensing applications have been published. This paper reviews the recent advances reported in the literature in this scope. The electrical and optical detection techniques, most common ones, are investigated and less common techniques such as gasochromic and surface wave acoustic sensors are also addressed. Here, the sensor performances are mostly evaluated by considering their response time and limit of detection.

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Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power

Journal of Management Science & Engineering research ◽

10.30564/jmser.v2i1.1293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Ehsan Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Green Energy ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Crude Oil Prices ◽

Trade War ◽

The Cost

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

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Recent Progress of Toxic Gas Sensors Based on 3D Graphene Frameworks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3386

Author(s):

Qichao Dong ◽

Min Xiao ◽

Zengyong Chu ◽

Guochen Li ◽

Ye Zhang

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

3D Structure ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Gas Sensitivity ◽

3D Graphene ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

Global Issue ◽

Ppm Level

Air pollution is becoming an increasingly important global issue. Toxic gases such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like phenol are very common air pollutants. To date, various sensing methods have been proposed to detect these toxic gases. Researchers are trying their best to build sensors with the lowest detection limit, the highest sensitivity, and the best selectivity. As a 2D material, graphene is very sensitive to many gases and so can be used for gas sensors. Recent studies have shown that graphene with a 3D structure can increase the gas sensitivity of the sensors. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensors can be upgraded from ppm level to several ppb level. In this review, the recent progress of the gas sensors based on 3D graphene frameworks in the detection of harmful gases is summarized and discussed.

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RA3 is a reference-guided approach for epigenetic characterization of single cells

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22495-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shengquan Chen ◽

Guanao Yan ◽

Wenyu Zhang ◽

Jinzhao Li ◽

Rui Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Computational Analysis ◽

Reference Data ◽

Single Cells ◽

Chromatin Accessibility ◽

Biological Variation ◽

Superior Performance ◽

High Dimensionality ◽

High Degree

AbstractThe recent advancements in single-cell technologies, including single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS), have enabled profiling the epigenetic landscapes for thousands of individual cells. However, the characteristics of scCAS data, including high dimensionality, high degree of sparsity and high technical variation, make the computational analysis challenging. Reference-guided approaches, which utilize the information in existing datasets, may facilitate the analysis of scCAS data. Here, we present RA3 (Reference-guided Approach for the Analysis of single-cell chromatin Accessibility data), which utilizes the information in massive existing bulk chromatin accessibility and annotated scCAS data. RA3 simultaneously models (1) the shared biological variation among scCAS data and the reference data, and (2) the unique biological variation in scCAS data that identifies distinct subpopulations. We show that RA3 achieves superior performance when used on several scCAS datasets, and on references constructed using various approaches. Altogether, these analyses demonstrate the wide applicability of RA3 in analyzing scCAS data.

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Electrophoretic Deposition of Metal Nanoparticle Monolayers from Nonpolar Solvents for Hydrogen Sensing

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.654.213 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 654 ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Grym ◽

Roman Yatskiv ◽

Ondřej Černohorský ◽

María Verde ◽

Jan Lorinčík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrophoretic Deposition ◽

Reverse Micelles ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fast Response ◽

Metal Nanoparticle ◽

Hydrogen Sensors ◽

Hydrogen Sensing ◽

Nonpolar Solvents ◽

Dimensional Growth ◽

High Degree

We report on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of metal nanoparticles (NPs) prepared in reverse micelles on semiconductor substrates with the aim to fabricate sensitive Schottky-based hydrogen sensors with fast response and high degree of selectivity. We discuss the mechanism of NP monolayer formation and show which parameters are essential for the transition from three-dimensional to two-dimensional growth.

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Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Ag Nanoclusters for Detecting Cu2+ Ions and Its “Switch-On” Sensing Application for GSH

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2021/8829654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yunpeng Shang ◽

Hui Gao ◽

Lei Li ◽

Chaoqun Ma ◽

Jiao Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Emission Peak ◽

Silver Nanoclusters ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Blue Fluorescence ◽

Fluorescent Sensing ◽

Sensing System ◽

Ag Ncs

Herein, we prepared the L-histidine- (His-) protected silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) by the microwave synthesis method. The synthesis process was rapid, facile, and environmentally friendly. Under 356 nm excitation, the as-prepared Ag NCs exhibited the blue fluorescence, and the fluorescence emission peak was located at 440 nm. The Ag NCs could successfully detect trace copper (Cu2+) ions in the aqueous solution and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.6 pM. Interestingly, the Ag NCs showed a different pH-dependent selectivity for both Cu2+ and iron (Fe3+) ions with no responses to other heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the as-fabricated fluorescent sensing system was utilized to detect glutathione (GSH, the LOD was 0.8 nM) by using the “switch-on” fluorescence recovery of Ag NCs through adding glutathione (GSH) to the Cu2+-Ag NCs solution.

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In-Situ Diffraction Studies of Gas Storage Materials on a Laboratory X-Ray System

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.1080 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1544 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Sommariva ◽

Harald van Weeren ◽

Olga Narygina ◽

Jan-André Gertenbach ◽

Christian Resch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Reaction Chamber ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Gas Pressure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Model Studies

ABSTRACTThe sorption processes for hydrogen and carbon dioxide are of considerable, and growing interest, particularly due to their relevance to a society that seeks to replace fossil fuels with a more sustainable energy source. X-ray diffraction allows a unique perspective for studying structural modifications and reaction mechanisms that occur when gas and solid interact. The fundamental challenge associated with such a study is that experiments are conducted while the solid sample is held under a gas pressure. To date in-situ high gas pressure studies of this nature have typically been undertaken at large-scale facilities such as synchrotrons or on dedicated laboratory instruments. Here we report high-pressure XRD studies carried out on a multi-purpose diffractometer. To demonstrate the suitability of the equipment, two model studies were carried out, firstly the reversible hydrogen cycling over LaNi5, and secondly the structural change that occurs during the decomposition of ammonia borane that results in the generation of hydrogen gas in the reaction chamber. The results have been finally compared to the literature. The study has been made possible by the combination of rapid X-ray detectors with a reaction chamber capable of withstanding gas pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 900 °C.

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