Small-Scale, Green-Powered Hydrogen Generation System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Arruda ◽  
David Browne ◽  
Chris Thongkham ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Average Consumer

One of the major road blocks in the transition from the current oil economy to the future hydrogen fuel economy is the availability of low cost hydrogen fuel for the average consumer. Currently, the price per kilogram of hydrogen fuel is higher than the cost of an equivalent measure of gasoline and its availability is limited to large metropolitan areas. Both of these factors prevent hydrogen from being an attractive alternative to gasoline for most consumers. The goal of this project, in a senior thermal design course, is to design and construct a low-cost hydrogen generation system for residential hydrogen fuel production and storage. The system will be powered by renewable sources of energy; namely a micro-scale wind turbine and a solar panel. The power generated will be used to power a small-scale PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas that will then be stored at low pressure in a safe, metal hydride storage tank. This relatively low cost system will provide the average consumer with the ability to safely produce hydrogen fuel for use in residential fuel cells or fuel cell-powered vehicles, making hydrogen fuel an attractive alternative to fossil fuels.

A Novel Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Generation System With Multi-Input Fossil Fuels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Zhang ◽  
Hongguang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Generation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Chemical Looping Hydrogen Generation

This paper proposes a multi-input chemical looping hydrogen generation system (MCLH), which generates hydrogen, through the use of natural gas and coal. In this system, a new type of oven, burning coal instead of natural gas as heating resource for hydrogen production reaction, is adopted. Coal can be converted to hydrogen indirectly without gasification. Benefits from the chemical looping process, the CO2 can be captured without energy penalty. With the same inputs of fuel, the new system can product about 16% more hydrogen than that of individual systems. As a result, the energy consumption of the hydrogen production is about 165J/mol-H2. Based on the exergy analyses, it is disclosed that the integration of synthetic utilization of natural gas and coal plays a significant role in reducing the exergy destruction of the MCLH system. The promising results obtained may lead to a clean coal technology that will utilize natural gas and coal more efficiently and economically.

scholarly journals Review of one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanostructured materials for hydrogen generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2960-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veluru Jagadeesh Babu ◽  
Sesha Vempati ◽  
Tamer Uyar ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional

Hydrogen is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels in terms of environmental and other advantages.

scholarly journals Artikel Review: Produksi Gas Hidrogen dari Reaksi Elektrolisis Sebagai Bahan Bakar Non-Fosil

UNISTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ismi Nurlatifah ◽  
Lily Arlianti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Clean Environment

In carrying out various activities today, it cannot be separated from the fuel. As we all know, fuels that are still commonly used today are fossil fuels whose energy resources are running low. Not only that, fossil fuels have also been shown to produce air pollution. Unhealthy air conditions can certainly reduce human life expectancy. In order to make the clean environment and not polluted by the air pollution, there must be environmentally friendly fuels. The answer for this kind of fuels is hydrogen which comes from nonfossil. One way to obtain hydrogen is an electrolysis reaction. Water can produce hydrogen through electrolysis. Just a few liters of water, it can produce ten to twenty thousand liters of hydrogen gas per hour. The use of Hydrogen as a non-fossil fuel has been proven to be environmentally friendly and free of carbon monoxide. Healthy air and a clean environment are certainly our responsibility. It's time to switch by using hydrogen fuel.

scholarly journals Process Analysis and Simulation of the Solar Thermo-Chemical Hydrogen Generation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif Khan ◽  
Yitung Chen ◽  
Robert Boehm ◽  
Sean Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Wide Range

A process analysis and simulation model has been developed in the framework of the process simulator ASPEN PLUSTM in order to produce solar thermo-chemical hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmentally attractive transportation fuel that has the potential to replace fossil fuels. Chemical mass balance, conversion rate, operating temperature and pressure are comparatively assessed for a wide range of hydrogen production processes, including processes which are hydrocarbon based (methane cracking and steam methane reforming), non-hydrocarbon based (water electrolysis) and integrated process (combined hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon based processes). The process analysis and simulation also provide a quantitative tool for insight and understanding the process. The project collaborators among General Atomics, NREL, SNL, UCB and UNLV have done the selection screening from all available thermochemical processes. Then a process analysis and simulation model by using ASPEN PLUS has been built up with the help of detailed reactions, additional data, reactor dimensions, rate laws, parameter values and specific reaction rate and equilibrium constants to find an economically feasible and environmentally suitable process to generate pure hydrogen gas which can be used in fuel cell and automobiles.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of Centralized Thermoelectric Generation System under Nonuniform Temperature Distribution Using Barnacles Mating Optimization Algorithm

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Mirza Imran Tariq ◽  
Majad Mansoor ◽  
Adeel Feroz Mirza ◽  
Nouman Mujeeb Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cuckoo Search ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature Distribution

The need for renewable energy resources is ever-increasing due to the concern for environmental issues associated with fossil fuels. Low-cost high-power-density manufacturing techniques for the thermoelectric generators (TEG) have added to the technoeconomic feasibility of the TEG systems as an effective power generation system in heat recovery, cooling, electricity, and engine-efficiency applications. The environment-dependent factors such as the nonuniform distribution of heat, damage to the heat-transfer coating between sinks and sources, and mechanical faults create nonuniform current generation and impedance mismatch causing power loss. As a solution to this nonlinear multisolution problem, an improved MPPT control is presented, which utilizes the improvised barnacle mating optimization (BMO). The case studies are formulated to gauge the performance of the proposed BMP MPPT control under nonuniform temperature distribution. The results are compared to the grey wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. Faster global maximum power point tracking (GMPP) within 381 ms, higher power tracking efficiency of up to 99.93%, and least oscillation ≈0.8 W are achieved by the proposed BMO with the highest energy harvest on average. The statistical analysis further solidifies the better performance of the proposed controller with the least root mean square error (RMSE), RE, and highest SR.

A Storage Module Evaluation for the Hydrogen Fuel Cell on Toy Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Pa ◽  
S. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
Toy Design ◽  
Scientific Accomplishment

The problem of environmental pollution has become worse and worse as the demand for energy has grown. An important aim of modern science is a diligent search for non-polluting methods of energy production. The fuel cell is one of the most important power sources devised in the 21st century and has all the necessary characteristics for environmental protection. The technology is pollution-free and highly efficient, converting the chemical energy of hydrogen gas directly into electricity. The fuel cell can be regarded as a small-scale power plant. The flow of electricity will continue as long as there is a supply of hydrogen. At present the storage of hydrogen is the most important consideration and there is not much information about fuel cells readily available at this time. This study concerns the development of 'The Hydrogen Fuel Cell generates Electricity Module' and demonstrates this in the design and use of a toy. A systemized analysis of power operation using existing fuel cell products and a setup of 'The Hydrogen Fuel Cell generates Electricity Module' was made. The Taguchi Method was used to arrive at the best parameter combination between fuel cell and toy. The best combination of parameters obtained in this experiment provides a power line voltage of 3.0V. An assessment was made of the arrangement of a non-pressurized single fuel cell that will best suit the requirements for use in the toy whale used in this work. This will instill feelings of personal scientific accomplishment and give the toy making industry a new look at the same time. We hope this can be applied on a larger scale in the future to provide non-polluting power for many such applications.

scholarly journals Sub-second and ppm-level optical sensing of hydrogen using templated control of nano-hydride geometry and composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Mai Luong ◽  
Minh Thien Pham ◽  
Tyler Guin ◽  
Richa Pokharel Madhogaria ◽  
Manh-Huong Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Sensors ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Pd Alloy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ppm Level

AbstractThe use of hydrogen as a clean and renewable alternative to fossil fuels requires a suite of flammability mitigating technologies, particularly robust sensors for hydrogen leak detection and concentration monitoring. To this end, we have developed a class of lightweight optical hydrogen sensors based on a metasurface of Pd nano-patchy particle arrays, which fulfills the increasing requirements of a safe hydrogen fuel sensing system with no risk of sparking. The structure of the optical sensor is readily nano-engineered to yield extraordinarily rapid response to hydrogen gas (<3 s at 1 mbar H2) with a high degree of accuracy (<5%). By incorporating 20% Ag, Au or Co, the sensing performances of the Pd-alloy sensor are significantly enhanced, especially for the Pd80Co20 sensor whose optical response time at 1 mbar of H2 is just ~0.85 s, while preserving the excellent accuracy (<2.5%), limit of detection (2.5 ppm), and robustness against aging, temperature, and interfering gases. The superior performance of our sensor places it among the fastest and most sensitive optical hydrogen sensors.

scholarly journals Development and implementation of a prototype pilot hydrogen generation plant using solar energy in rural areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Torres ◽  
Claudio Acuña ◽  
Claudio Leiva ◽  
Diego Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Way

Abstract BackgroundWorldwide, hydrogen is being regarded as a fuel of the future due to its abundance and the byproducts generated by its combustion. However, mass production of hydrogen gas is a problem complex, since it entails large energy costs. In this work, three prototypes, based on standard and low cost materials, for the production of hydrogen were used, varying the way of generating hydrogen by electrolysis and the way of using the hydrogen produced, either by storing it or to be use in burners in kitchen.ResultsIt was found that the operating temperatures oscillate between 60 to 90 degrees Celsius. The system of rectangular plates with bipolar dry cell electrolyzer obtained a H2 generation of 0.1 m3/hr with an energy consumption of 553.6 [kW/m3 H2] operating at 2 [atm], on the other hand, the unipolar collector with points generated 0.02 m3/hr 20/60 standard liters per H2 with a consumption of 144 [kW/m3] operating at 1 [atm] this was the most efficient device with a 26 % efficiency considering the solar energy used.ConclusionA low cost prototype was created which allows the use of solar energy, allowing the energy storage in the form of H2. It can be used in a rural area to be injected in kitchen burners, reducing LPG (liquefied petroleoum gas) consumptions and contributing to the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Development and Performance Analysis of a Low-Cost Hydrogen Generation System Using Locally Available Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gour Chand Mazumder ◽  
SM Nasif Shams ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Saiful Huque
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Outlet Port ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
In Series ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, a low-cost water electrolyzer is developed and its performance study is presented. Locally found materials are used to develop the electrolyzer. The electrolyzer has two cells connected in parallel and bipolar electrode configuration. In common, different cells are connected in series but for this electrolyzer parallel connection has been tested. A very thin polymer, Nylon-140 has been used as separator membranes for this electrolyzer. In separator membrane assembly, the designed geometry creates two separate gas channels internally which enables the direct collection of hydrogen and oxygen gas from the designated outlet port of the electrolyzer. The geometry excludes the need of external tubing into each cell-compartments to collect hydrogen and oxygen separately. The developed electrolyzer is found to be 42% efficient with its highest production rate of 227.27 mL/min. The purity of hydrogen is found to be more than 92% and justified with the burn test. The cost is 20 times less than the commercial electrolyzers. The development method and scheme can be helpful to popularize the small scale use of hydrogen in Bangladesh for various renewable energy applications. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(1): 49-56, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals Exploring the environmental and economic potential for biogas production from swine manure wastewater by life cycle assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Fen Shih ◽  
Chyi-How Lay ◽  
Chiu-Yue Lin ◽  
Shen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Swine Farms

Abstract Development of biofuels to replace fossil fuels by bioenergy systems has been attracting attention as an environmental-friendly process. Dealing with biowaste by anaerobic digestion not only disposes of wastes but also producing biogas during the treatment processes for providing the renewable energy source at low-cost while conserving fossil fuel. This study aims to use life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis tools in evaluating and comparing the potential environmental impacts and cost benefits for the swine farm operation with and without a rapid-build anaerobic fermentor module installed into the original three-stage wastewater treatment system, which module helps biogas production as energy recovery in swine farms. The results indicate that the module could help reduce carbon footprint by 22.6%, methane by 51.8%, sulfur oxides by 92.6%, nitrogen oxides by 74.2%, carbon monoxide by 54.7%, nitrous oxide by 28.6%, suspended particulate by 95.4%, and non-methane volatile organic compounds by 80%. Using this module made the reductions of damage impacts were human health 82%, ecosystem quality 59%, and resource scarcity 87%. The daily average biogas production was 46.38 m3 and its annual electricity generation income was 6,091 USD. This study allows identifying the lowest environmental impact to support the adoption of sustainable waste treatment and the opportunity for converting waste to be energy and utilization with economic benefits for small-scale swine farms.

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