scholarly journals Topological measures for identifying and predicting the spread of complex contagions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Guilbeault ◽  
Damon Centola
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Node Centrality ◽  
Network Connectedness ◽  
Topological Measures ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe standard measure of distance in social networks – average shortest path length – assumes a model of “simple” contagion, in which people only need exposure to influence from one peer to adopt the contagion. However, many social phenomena are “complex” contagions, for which people need exposure to multiple peers before they adopt. Here, we show that the classical measure of path length fails to define network connectedness and node centrality for complex contagions. Centrality measures and seeding strategies based on the classical definition of path length frequently misidentify the network features that are most effective for spreading complex contagions. To address these issues, we derive measures of complex path length and complex centrality, which significantly improve the capacity to identify the network structures and central individuals best suited for spreading complex contagions. We validate our theory using empirical data on the spread of a microfinance program in 43 rural Indian villages.

scholarly journals Stability of network centrality measures: a numerical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Kardos ◽  
András London ◽  
Tamás Vinkó
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Signal Process ◽  
Node Centrality ◽  
Relevant Task ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Graph Perturbation

AbstractIdentifying key actors or nodes in a network is a relevant task regarding many applications. In general, the real-valued function that evaluates the nodes is called node centrality measure. Performing a relevance-based ranking on the list of nodes is also of high practical importance, since the most central nodes by a measure usually provide the highest contribution in explaining the behavior of the whole network. Stability of centrality measures against graph perturbation is an important concept, especially in the analysis of real world—often noise contaminated—datasets from different domains. In this paper, with the utilization of the formal definition of stability introduced by Segarra and Ribeiro (IEEE Trans Signal Process 64(3):543–555, 2015), we discuss three main perturbation categories and experimentally analyze the stability of several node centrality measures.

scholarly journals Virtual Social Networks Online and Mobile Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maytham Safar ◽  
Hussain Sawwan ◽  
Mahmoud Taha ◽  
Talal Al-Fadhli
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Characteristic Path Length ◽  
Mobile Industry ◽  
New Applications

Location-based applications are one of the most anticipated new segments of the mobile industry. These new applications are enabled by GPS-equipped phones (e.g., emergency applications, buddy finders, games, location-based advertising, etc.). These services are designed to give consumers instant access to personalized, local content of their immediate location. Some applications couple LBS with notification services, automatically alerting users when they are close to a pre-selected destination. With the advances in the Internet and communications/mobile technology, it became vital to analyze the effect of such technologies on human communications. This work studies how humans can construct social networks as a method for group communications using the available technologies. We constructed and analyzed a friends network using different parameters. The parameters that were calculated to analyze the network are the distribution sequence, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient and centrality measures. In addition, we built a PDA application that implements the concept of LBS using two system modules. In the first module, we have developed an application for entertainment purpose; an application program which enables end users to send their birth year and get their horoscope in return. The second part of the project was, to build an application, which helps people to stay in touch with their friends and family members (Find Friend). It helps users to find which of their buddies are within the same area they are in.

Sustainability Disclosure and the Financialization of Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Woschnack ◽  
Stefanie Hiss ◽  
Sebastian Nagel ◽  
Bernd Teufel
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This empirical study explores the financialization of social sustainability driven by sustainability accounting and reporting initiatives (SARIs). Since no globally accepted definition of what social sustainability encompasses exists, the paper asks how social sustainability is translated into the financial market language by SARIs as they provide standards for disclosing corporate non-financial performance and promote their concepts of social sustainability. The paper uses a two-step qualitative content analysis. First, it operationalizes social sustainability based on the empirical data of six sustainability rating agencies. Second, this operationalization is compared with the concepts created by three SARIs. The paper shows significant differences between the concepts of the SARIs and the rating agencies. While the rating agencies altogether interpret social sustainability with 83 distinct aspects, the SARIs, although differently created, use significant reduced concepts where 20% of these aspects are absent. The result of this financialization process could be a simplified and financially determined concept of social sustainability within die socially discourse. The research is limited to social sustainability and its financialization by SARIs. Individual indicators and their way or intensity to capture aspects of social sustainability were not part of the research interest. Further research should investigate the economic and the ecological pillars of sustainability as well as the usage of such financialized concepts within the society and especially by corporations. The paper unfolds the arbitrariness of operationalizing a qualitative phenomenon like social sustainability through the financial system. It discloses the need for looking at the mechanisms behind such processes and at the interests of the actors behind the frameworks. The paper reveals the financialization process driven by SARIs and demonstrates its simplifying effects on the concept of social sustainability. Furthermore, the paper shows that SARIs as metrics for non-financial aspects are troubled with a lack of transparency and a lack of convergence.

TASKS AND METHODS OF TEXT SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
А. Mukasheva
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Video Object ◽  
Aspect Extraction ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
As Graph ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unstructured Information ◽  
Text Sentiment Analysis

The purpose of this article is to study one of the methods of social networks analysis – text sentiment analysis. Today, social media has become a big data base that social network analysis is used for various purposes – from setting up targeted advertising for a cosmetics store to preventing riots at the state level. There are various methods for analyzing social networks such as graph method, text sentiment analysis, audio, and video object analysis. Among them, sentiment analysis is widely used for political, social, consumer research, and also for cybersecurity. Since the analysis of the sentiment of the text involves the analysis of the emotional opinions expressed in the text, the first step is to define the term opinion. An opinion can be simple, that is, a positive, negative or neutral emotion towards a particular object or its aspect. Comparison is also an opinion, but devoid of emotional connotation. To work with simple opinions, the first task of text sentiment analysis is to classify the text. There are three levels of classifications: classification at the text level, at the level of a sentence, and at the aspect level of the object. After classifying the text at the desired level, the next task is to extract structured data from unstructured information. The problem can be solved using the five-tuple method. One of the important elements of a tuple is the aspect in which an opinion is usually expressed. Next, aspect-based sentiment analysis is applied, which involves identifying aspects of the desired object and assessing the polarity of mood for each aspect. This task is divided into two sub-tasks such as aspect extraction and aspect classification. Sentiment analysis has limitations such as the definition of sarcasm and difficulty of working with abbreviated words.

scholarly journals e-Diplomacy as Instrument for Establishment of Interethnic Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01144
Author(s):  
Liudmila Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

The article is devoted to e-diplomacy (also known as digital diplomacy) which is a component of public diplomacy. Digital diplomacy is a one of the new tools of foreign policy that is aimed to solve the problems of international and interethnic relations. The article examines the concept and definition of digital diplomacy that concentrates on the use of social networks and digital media in the field of foreign policy. Some risks and threats of e-diplomacy are also considered. The use of opportunities of information and communication technologies for solving the problems of foreign policy and influence on mass consciousness by means of the Internet, social networks is analyzed.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Algorithm for Evaluating Node Influences in Social Networks Based on Preference Analysis and Random Walk

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengying Mao ◽  
Weisong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Preference Graph ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Relation Analysis

In the era of big data, social network has become an important reflection of human communications and interactions on the Internet. Identifying the influential spreaders in networks plays a crucial role in various areas, such as disease outbreak, virus propagation, and public opinion controlling. Based on the three basic centrality measures, a comprehensive algorithm named PARW-Rank for evaluating node influences has been proposed by applying preference relation analysis and random walk technique. For each basic measure, the preference relation between every node pair in a network is analyzed to construct the partial preference graph (PPG). Then, the comprehensive preference graph (CPG) is generated by combining the preference relations with respect to three basic measures. Finally, the ranking of nodes is determined by conducting random walk on the CPG. Furthermore, five public social networks are used for comparative analysis. The experimental results show that our PARW-Rank algorithm can achieve the higher precision and better stability than the existing methods with a single centrality measure.

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