Personalized medicine for reconstruction of critical-size bone defects – a translational approach with customizable vascularized bone tissue

AbstractTissue engineering principles allow the generation of functional tissues for biomedical applications. Reconstruction of large-scale bone defects with tissue-engineered bone has still not entered the clinical routine. In the present study, a bone substitute in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) with or without growth factors BMP-2 and VEGF-A was prevascularized by an arteriovenous (AV) loop and transplanted into a critical-size tibia defect in the sheep model. With 3D imaging and immunohistochemistry, we could show that this approach is a feasible and simple alternative to the current clinical therapeutic option. This study serves as proof of concept for using large-scale transplantable, vascularized, and customizable bone, generated in a living organism for the reconstruction of load-bearing bone defects, individually tailored to the patient’s needs. With this approach in personalized medicine for the reconstruction of critical-size bone defects, regeneration of parts of the human body will become possible in the near future.

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Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0001 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephan Wild-Eck ◽

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Forest Economics ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Swiss Confederation ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

The Cost ◽

Near Future ◽

Opinion Polls

Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of In vivo investigation of tissue-engineered periosteum for the repair of allogeneic critical size bone defects in rabbits.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727723479.793545144 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Warren Grayson

Keyword(s):

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects

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Comparison of two β-tricalcium phosphate composite grafts used for reconstruction of mandibular critical size bone defects

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.3415/vcot-08-04-0038.r1 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

M. C. Nolff ◽

N.-C. Gellrich ◽

G. Hauschild ◽

M. Fehr ◽

K.-H. Bormann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Composite Grafts

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A cosmic microscope for the preheating era

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep01(2021)021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

JiJi Fan ◽

Zhong-Zhi Xianyu

Keyword(s):

Scalar Field ◽

Nonlinear Effect ◽

Large Scale ◽

Nonlinear Effects ◽

Light Fields ◽

Unique Probe ◽

Light Scalar ◽

Spatially Varying ◽

Near Future ◽

Scalar Perturbations

Abstract Light fields with spatially varying backgrounds can modulate cosmic preheating, and imprint the nonlinear effects of preheating dynamics at tiny scales on large scale fluctuations. This provides us a unique probe into the preheating era which we dub the “cosmic microscope”. We identify a distinctive effect of preheating on scalar perturbations that turns the Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a light scalar field into square waves, like a diode. The effect manifests itself as local non-Gaussianity. We present a model, “modulated partial preheating”, where this nonlinear effect is consistent with current observations and can be reached by near future cosmic probes.

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In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1422

Author(s):

Ousama Al Shanaa ◽

Andrey Rumyantsev ◽

Elena Sambuk ◽

Marina Padkina

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Large Scale ◽

Potential Model ◽

Model Organism ◽

Rna Aptamers ◽

Early Stages ◽

Near Future

RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.

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Role of Autologous Platelet Gel (APG) in Bone Healing: A Rabbit Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Antonio Scarano ◽

Francesco Inchingolo ◽

Biagio Rapone ◽

Alberta Greco Lucchina ◽

Erda Qorri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Platelet Gel ◽

Woven Bone ◽

Rapid Healing ◽

Rabbit Bone ◽

Autologous Platelet ◽

New Zealand Rabbits

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence and efficacy of autologous platelets on bone regeneration in a rabbit defects model. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 critical size tibial defects were produced in six New Zealand rabbits: A total of six defects were filled with autologous platelet gel (APG) and six defects were maintained as untreated controls. No membranes were used to cover the bone osteotomies. The histology and histomorphometry were performed at four weeks on retrieved samples of both groups. Results: No complications were reported in any of the animals nor for the defects produced. A significantly higher lamellar and woven bone percentage was reported for the APG group with a lower level of marrow spaces (p < 0.05). Evidence of newly formed bone was found in the superficial portion of the bone defect of APG samples where no aspects of bone resorption were observed. Conclusions: The evidence of the present research revealed that APG increases new bone formation restricted to the cortical portion and induces more rapid healing in rabbit bone defects than in untreated defects.

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Sustainable Spatial Energy Planning of Large-Scale Wind and PV Farms in Israel: A Collaborative and Participatory Planning Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

Sofia Spyridonidou ◽

Georgia Sismani ◽

Eva Loukogeorgaki ◽

Dimitra G. Vagiona ◽

Hagit Ulanovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Participatory Planning ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Selection Processes ◽

Planning Framework ◽

Planning Approach ◽

Near Future

In this work, an innovative sustainable spatial energy planning framework is developed on national scale for identifying and prioritizing appropriate, technically and economically feasible, environmentally sustainable as well as socially acceptable sites for the siting of large-scale onshore Wind Farms (WFs) and Photovoltaic Farms (PVFs) in Israel. The proposed holistic framework consists of distinctive steps allocated in two successive modules (the Planning and the Field Investigation module), and it covers all relevant dimensions of a sustainable siting analysis (economic, social, and environmental). It advances a collaborative and participatory planning approach by combining spatial planning tools (Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) and multi-criteria decision-making methods (e.g., Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)) with versatile participatory planning techniques in order to consider the opinion of three different participatory groups (public, experts, and renewable energy planners) within the site-selection processes. Moreover, it facilitates verification of GIS results by conducting appropriate field observations. Sites of high suitability, accepted by all participatory groups and field verified, form the final outcome of the proposed framework. The results illustrate the existence of high suitable sites for large-scale WFs’ and PVFs’ siting and, thus, the potential deployment of such projects towards the fulfillment of the Israeli energy targets in the near future.

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Additive Manufacturing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Components via Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC)

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14010156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Steffen Esslinger ◽

Axel Grebhardt ◽

Jonas Jaeger ◽

Frank Kern ◽

Andreas Killinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Fused Deposition Of Ceramics

Bone defects introduced by accidents or diseases are very painful for the patient and their treatment leads to high expenses for the healthcare systems. When a bone defect reaches a critical size, the body is not able to restore this defect by itself. In this case a bone graft is required, either an autologous one taken from the patient or an artificial one made of a bioceramic material such as calcium phosphate. In this study β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was dispersed in a polymer matrix containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycole) (PEG). These compounds were extruded to filaments, which were used for 3D printing of cylindrical scaffolds via Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC) technique. After shaping, the printed parts were debindered and sintered. The components combined macro- and micropores with a pore size of 1 mm and 0.01 mm, respectively, which are considered beneficial for bone healing. The compressive strength of sintered cylindrical scaffolds exceeded 72 MPa at an open porosity of 35%. The FDC approach seems promising for manufacturing patient specific bioceramic bone grafts.

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ALVIC versus the Internet: Redesigning a Networked Virtual Environment Architecture

International Journal of Computer Games Technology ◽

10.1155/2008/594313 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter Quax ◽

Jeroen Dierckx ◽

Bart Cornelissen ◽

Wim Lamotte

Keyword(s):

Virtual Environment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Virtual Communities ◽

Real Life ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Internet ◽

Generic Framework ◽

Short Period ◽

Networked Virtual Environment ◽

Near Future

The explosive growth of the number of applications based on networked virtual environment technology, both games and virtual communities, shows that these types of applications have become commonplace in a short period of time. However, from a research point of view, the inherent weaknesses in their architectures are quickly exposed. The Architecture for Large-Scale Virtual Interactive Communities (ALVICs) was originally developed to serve as a generic framework to deploy networked virtual environment applications on the Internet. While it has been shown to effectively scale to the numbers originally put forward, our findings have shown that, on a real-life network, such as the Internet, several drawbacks will not be overcome in the near future. It is, therefore, that we have recently started with the development of ALVIC-NG, which, while incorporating the findings from our previous research, makes several improvements on the original version, making it suitable for deployment on the Internet as it exists today.

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