scholarly journals Low-frequency oscillations in coupled phase oscillators with inertia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Song ◽  
Xuewei Zhang ◽  
Jinjie Wu ◽  
Yanbin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Fluctuation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Phase Oscillators ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Periodically Driven

AbstractThis work considers a second-order Kuramoto oscillator network periodically driven at one node to model low-frequency forced oscillations in power grids. The phase fluctuation magnitude at each node and the disturbance propagation in the network are numerically analyzed. The coupling strengths in this work are sufficiently large to ensure the stability of equilibria in the unforced system. It is found that the phase fluctuation is primarily determined by the network structural properties and forcing parameters, not the parameters specific to individual nodes such as power and damping. A new “resonance” phenomenon is observed in which the phase fluctuation magnitudes peak at certain critical coupling strength in the forced system. In the cases of long chain and ring-shaped networks, the Kuramoto model yields an important but somehow counter-intuitive result that the fluctuation magnitude distribution does not necessarily follow a simple attenuating trend along the propagation path and the fluctuation at nodes far from the disturbance source could be stronger than that at the source. These findings are relevant to low-frequency forced oscillations in power grids and will help advance the understanding of their dynamics and mechanisms and improve the detection and mitigation techniques.

CLASSICAL-LIKE RESONANCE INDUCED BY NOISE IN A FITZHUGH–NAGUMO NEURON MODEL

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RIPOLL MASSANÉS ◽  
C. J. PÉREZ VICENTE
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Characteristic Time Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Interspike Interval Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Interval Distribution

We have studied the stochastic behavior of Fitzhugh–Nagumo neuron-like model (FN) induced by subthreshold external stimuli. Our analysis based on three standard measures: the power spectrum, interspike interval distribution (ISI) and autocorrelation function shows that it is possible to define a characteristic time scale which can be identified in the response of the system for a wide range of frequencies. In contrast to previous studies we have focused our attention on high frequency signals which could be of interest for real systems such as nervous fibers in the auditory system. We report behaviors which resemble those of classical deterministic oscillators but never the stochastic resonance phenomenon typical of low frequency signals.

scholarly journals Lung volumes and respiratory mechanics in elastase-induced emphysema in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1864-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hantos ◽  
Á. Adamicza ◽  
T. Z. Jánosi ◽  
M. V. Szabari ◽  
J. Tolnai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Gas Volume

Absolute lung volumes such as functional residual capacity, residual volume (RV), and total lung capacity (TLC) are used to characterize emphysema in patients, whereas in animal models of emphysema, the mechanical parameters are invariably obtained as a function of transrespiratory pressure (Prs). The aim of the present study was to establish a link between the mechanical parameters including tissue elastance (H) and airway resistance (Raw), and thoracic gas volume (TGV) in addition to Prs in a mouse model of emphysema. Using low-frequency forced oscillations during slow deep inflation, we tracked H and Raw as functions of TGV and Prs in normal mice and mice treated with porcine pancreatic elastase. The presence of emphysema was confirmed by morphometric analysis of histological slices. The treatment resulted in an increase in TGV by 51 and 44% and a decrease in H by 57 and 27%, respectively, at 0 and 20 cmH2O of Prs. The Raw did not differ between the groups at any value of Prs, but it was significantly higher in the treated mice at comparable TGV values. In further groups of mice, tracheal sounds were recorded during inflations from RV to TLC. All lung volumes but RV were significantly elevated in the treated mice, whereas the numbers and size distributions of inspiratory crackles were not different, suggesting that the airways were not affected by the elastase treatment. These findings emphasize the importance of absolute lung volumes and indicate that tissue destruction was not associated with airway dysfunction in this mouse model of emphysema.

Vibrational Resonance in an Overdamped System with a Fractional Order Potential Nonlinearity

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Dawen Huang ◽  
Miguel A. F. Sanjuán ◽  
Houguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Vibrational Resonance ◽  
Frequency Excitation ◽  
Overdamped System

We investigate the vibrational resonance by the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis in an overdamped system with fractional order potential nonlinearities. The nonlinearity is a fractional power function with deflection, in which the response amplitude presents vibrational resonance phenomenon for any value of the fractional exponent. The response amplitude of vibrational resonance at low-frequency is deduced by the method of direct separation of slow and fast motions. The results derived from the theoretical analysis are in good agreement with those of numerical simulation. The response amplitude decreases with the increase of the fractional exponent for weak excitations. The amplitude of the high-frequency excitation can induce the vibrational resonance to achieve the optimal response amplitude. For the overdamped systems, the nonlinearity is the crucial and necessary condition to induce vibrational resonance. The response amplitude in the nonlinear system is usually not larger than that in the corresponding linear system. Hence, the nonlinearity is not a sufficient factor to amplify the response to the low-frequency excitation. Furthermore, the resonance may be also induced by only a single excitation acting on the nonlinear system. The theoretical analysis further proves the correctness of the numerical simulation. The results might be valuable in weak signal processing.

Hysteresis and nonlinear detuning in a spatial-resonance phenomenon

1973 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413
Author(s):  
Ian Huntley ◽  
Ronald Smith
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Frequency Wave ◽  
Spatial Resonance

The experimental work of Franklin, Price & Williams (1973) shows that for moderately large driving amplitudes there are features of spatial resonance that are not predicted by the model representation of Mahony & Smith (1972). We here derive an alternative model, which remains valid for moderately large driving amplitudes, and we are able to obtain a theoretical description of both hysteresis and nonlinear detuning of the low frequency wave response. An experiment in which surface waves were generated by a sinusoidal pressure field at the free surface (and which corresponds almost exactly to the theoretical problem) was conducted in order to test these predictions.

scholarly journals On the Control of Low-Frequency Audible Noise from Electrical Substations: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Alessio Piana ◽  
Nicolaas Bernardus Roozen
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Low Frequency Noise

With the world facing the urgency of energy transition, the development of efficient and quiet electrical infrastructures is of topical importance in the construction of the environment of the future. The problem of noise from power distribution systems is often underestimated, although several works in the literature underline the effect of disturbance on the population, especially concerning the low frequency range. This paper overviews the issue of the low-frequency noise generated by electrical substations, from the experimental characterization of the source to the possible mitigation measures at the source, along the propagation path and at the receiver. Alongside the general presentation, a case study serves as a practical demonstration of the proposed methodological approach. It was found that in the investigated situation the main disturbance comes from the transformer at two low-frequency harmonics of twice the networking frequency. A traditional noise barrier is designed taking into account the strict size constraints imposed by technical compatibility with the electrical infrastructure, which limits its efficacy at low frequency. Noise masking with broadband signals can be a complementary solution to further reduce noise disturbance and contain it within prescribed limits. The evaluation of subjective response of the receivers to different mitigation solutions is made possible by the availability of the impulse response.

Generation and Propagation of Near-Inertial Waves in a Baroclinic Current on the Tasmanian Shelf

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2653-2667
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Schlosser ◽  
Nicole L. Jones ◽  
Cynthia E. Bluteau ◽  
Matthew H. Alford ◽  
Gregory N. Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
Propagation Direction ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Inertial Waves ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
Baroclinic Current

AbstractNear-inertial waves (NIWs) are often an energetic component of the internal wave field on windy continental shelves. The effect of baroclinic geostrophic currents, which introduce both relative vorticity and baroclinicity, on NIWs is not well understood. Relative vorticity affects the resonant frequency feff, while both relative vorticity and baroclinicity modify the minimum wave frequency of freely propagating waves ωmin. On a windy and narrow shelf, we observed wind-forced oscillations that generated NIWs where feff was less than the Coriolis frequency f. If everywhere feff > f then NIWs were generated where ωmin < f and feff was smallest. The background current not only affected the location of generation, but also the NIWs’ propagation direction. The estimated NIW energy fluxes show that NIWs propagated predominantly toward the equator because ωmin > f on the continental slope for the entire sample period. In addition to being laterally trapped on the shelf, we observed vertically trapped and intensified NIWs that had a frequency ω within the anomalously low-frequency band (i.e., ωmin < ω < feff), which only exists if the baroclinicity is nonzero. We observed two periods when ωmin < f on the shelf, but the relative vorticity was positive (i.e., feff > f) for one of these periods. The process of NIW propagation remained consistent with the local ωmin, and not feff, emphasizing the importance of baroclinicity on the NIW dynamics. We conclude that windy shelves with baroclinic background currents are likely to have energetic NIWs, but the current and seabed will adjust the spatial distribution and energetics of these NIWs.

Optimizing the Electrical Power in an Energy Harvesting System

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Coccolo ◽  
Grzegorz Litak ◽  
Jesús M. Seoane ◽  
Miguel A. F. Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Vibrational Resonance ◽  
Energy Harvesting System

In this paper, we study the vibrational resonance (VR) phenomenon as a useful mechanism for energy harvesting purposes. A system, driven by a low frequency and a high frequency forcing, can give birth to the vibrational resonance phenomenon, when the two forcing amplitudes resonate and a maximum in amplitude is reached. We apply this idea to a bistable oscillator that can convert environmental kinetic energy into electrical energy, that is, an energy harvester. Normally, the VR phenomenon is studied in terms of the forcing amplitudes or of the frequencies, that are not always easy to adjust and change. Here, we study the VR generated by tuning another parameter that is possible to manipulate when the forcing values depend on the environmental conditions. We have investigated the dependence of the maximum response due to the VR for small and large variations in the forcing amplitudes and frequencies. Besides, we have plotted color coded figures in the space of the two forcing amplitudes, in which it is possible to appreciate different patterns in the electrical power generated by the system. These patterns provide useful information on the forcing amplitudes in order to produce the optimal electrical power.

scholarly journals Resonance Effects in the NASA Transonic Flutter Cascade Facility

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lepicovsky ◽  
V. R. Capece ◽  
C. T. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
The Self ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Transonic Flutter ◽  
Blade Flutter ◽  
Mach Numbers

Investigations of unsteady pressure loadings on the blades of fans operating near the stall flutter boundary are carried out under simulated conditions in the NASA Transonic Flutter Cascade facility (TFC). It has been observed that for inlet Mach numbers of about 0.8, the cascade flowfield exhibits intense low-frequency pressure oscillations. The origins of these oscillations were not clear. It was speculated that this behavior was either caused by instabilities in the blade separated flow zone or that it was a tunnel resonance phenomenon. It has now been determined that the strong low-frequency oscillations, observed in the TFC facility, are not a cascade phenomenon contributing to blade flutter, but that they are solely caused by the tunnel resonance characteristics. Most likely, the self-induced oscillations originate in the system of exit duct resonators. For sure, the self-induced oscillations can be significantly suppressed for a narrow range of inlet Mach numbers by tuning one of the resonators. A considerable amount of flutter simulation data has been acquired in this facility to date, and therefore it is of interest to know how much this tunnel self-induced oscillations influences the experimental data at high subsonic Mach numbers since this facility is being used to simulate flutter in transonic fans. In short, can this body of experimental data still be used reliably to verify computer codes for blade flutter and blade life predictions? To answer this question a study on resonance effects in the NASA TFC facility was carried out. The results, based on spectral and ensemble averaging analysis of the cascade data, showed that the interaction between self-induced oscillations and forced blade motion oscillations is very weak and can generally be neglected. The forced motion data acquired with the mistuned tunnel, when strong self-induced oscillations were present, can be used as reliable forced pressure fluctuations provided that they are extracted from raw data sets by an ensemble averaging procedure.

scholarly journals Review of a Disruptive Vision of Future Power Grids: A New Path Based on Hybrid AC/DC Grids and Solid-State Transformers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9423
Author(s):  
Vitor Monteiro ◽  
Julio S. Martins ◽  
João Carlos Aparício Fernandes ◽  
Joao L. Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Port Systems

Power grids are evolving with the aim to guarantee sustainability and higher levels of power quality for universal access to electricity. More specifically, over the last two decades, power grids have been targeted for significant changes, including migration from centralized to decentralized paradigms as a corollary of intensive integration of novel electrical technologies and the availability of derived equipment. This paper addresses a review of a disruptive vision of future power grids, mainly focusing on the use of hybrid AC/DC grids and solid-state transformers technologies. Regarding hybrid AC/DC grids in particular, they are analyzed in detail in the context of unipolar and bipolar DC grids (i.e., two-wire or three-wire DC grids), as well as the different structures concerning coupled and decoupled AC configurations with low-frequency or high-frequency isolation. The contextualization of the possible configurations of solid-state transformers and the different configurations of hybrid transformers (in the perspective of offering benefits for increasing power quality in terms of currents or voltages) is also analyzed within the perspective of the smart transformers. Additionally, the paper also presents unified multi-port systems used to interface various technologies with hybrid AC/DC grids, which are also foreseen to play an important role in future power grids (e.g., the unified interface of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems), including an analysis concerning unified multi-port systems for AC or DC grids. Throughout the paper, these topics are presented and discussed in the context of future power grids. An exhaustive description of these technologies is made, covering the most relevant and recent structures and features that can be developed, as well as the challenges for the future power grids. Several scenarios are presented, encompassing the mentioned technologies, and unveiling a progressive evolution that culminates in the cooperative scope of such technologies for a disruptive vision of future power grids.

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