scholarly journals Diversity of P1 phage-like elements in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Venturini ◽  
Tiziana Zingali ◽  
Ethan R. Wyrsch ◽  
Bethany Bowring ◽  
Jonathan Iredell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Markers

AbstractThe spread of multidrug resistance via mobile genetic elements is a major clinical and veterinary concern. Pathogenic Escherichia coli harbour antibiotic resistance and virulence genes mainly on plasmids, but also bacteriophages and hybrid phage-like plasmids. In this study, the genomes of three E. coli phage-like plasmids, pJIE250-3 from a human E. coli clinical isolate, pSvP1 from a porcine ETEC O157 isolate, and pTZ20_1P from a porcine commensal E. coli, were sequenced (PacBio RSII), annotated and compared. All three elements are coliphage P1 variants, each with unique adaptations. pJIE250-3 is a P1-derivative that has lost lytic functions and contains no accessory genes. In pTZ20_1P and pSvP1, a core P1-like genome is associated with insertion sequence-mediated acquisition of plasmid modules encoding multidrug resistance and virulence, respectively. The transfer ability of pTZ20_1P, carrying antibiotic resistance markers, was also tested and, although this element was not able to transfer by conjugation, it was able to lysogenize a commensal E. coli strain with consequent transfer of resistance. The incidence of P1-like plasmids (~7%) in our E. coli collections correlated well with that in public databases. This study highlights the need to investigate the contribution of phage-like plasmids to the successful spread of antibiotic resistant pathotypes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, south India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sukumaran ◽  
Abdulla A Mohamed Hatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Introduction: Escherichia coli strains can cause a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains have the ability to cause severe extraintestinal infections. Multidrug resistance among ExPEC could complicate human infections. Methodology: Escherichia coli strains were isolated during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method using nine different antimicrobial agents. A total of 155 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes including papAH, papC, sfa/focDE, iutA,and kpsMT II associated with ExPEC. Results: Among the 155 E. coli isolates, 26 (16.77%), carried two or more virulence genes typical of ExPEC. Furthermore, 19.23% of the ExPEC isolates with multidrug resistance were identified to belong to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Statistically significant association of iutA gene in ExPEC was found with papC (p < 0.001) and kpsMT II (p < 0.001) genes. ExPEC isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin (23.07%), tetracycline (19.23%), co-trimoxazole (15.38%), and cefotaxime (15.38%). The adhesion genes papAH and sfa/focDE were positively associated with resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Co-occurrence of virulence factor genes with antibiotic resistance among ExPEC poses considerable threat to those who use this aquatic system for a living and for recreation.

Characterisation of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from two commercial lettuce and spinach supply chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneiwa T. Ratshilingano ◽  
Erika Margarete du Plessis ◽  
Stacey Duvenage ◽  
Lise Korsten
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Leafy green vegetables have increasingly been reported as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae; with Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli frequently implicated in disease outbreaks worldwide.  This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of antibiotic resistance, diarrheagenic virulence genes and phylogenetic groupings of E. coli isolates (n=51) from commercially produced lettuce and spinach from the farm, through processing and at the point of sale.  Multidrug resistance was observed in 33 of the 51 E. coli isolates (64.7%); with 35.7% (n=10/28) being generic and 100% (n=23/23) Extended Spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC- producing.  Resistance of E. coli isolates was observed against neomycin (100%; n=51/51), ampicillin (70.6%; n=36/51), amoxycilin (68.6%; n=35/51), tetracycline (45%; n=23/51), trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (43%; n=22/51), chloramphenicol (25.5%; n=13/51), augmentin (11.8%; n=6/51) and gentamicin (7.8%; n=4/51); with 100% (n=51/51) susceptibility to imipenem. Virulence gene eae was detected in two E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources only, while none of the other virulence genes tested for were detected.   Most of the E. coli strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (25.5%; n=13), B1 (19.6%; n=10) and A (17.6%; n=9); with D (5.9%; n=3) less distributed. Although diarrheagenic E. coli were not detected, antibiotic resistance in E. coli prevalent in the supply chain was evident. Additionally, a clear link between E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources and leafy green vegetables through DNA fingerprinting was established which indicates the potential transfer of E. coli from irrigation water to minimally processed leafy green vegetables.

scholarly journals The Wide Range of Antibiotic Resistance and Variability of Genotypic Profiles in Escherichia coli from Domestic Animals in Eastern Sicily

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Giuseppe Cascone ◽  
Cinzia Lucia Randazzo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The emergence of multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock poses a serious public health threat. Escherichia coli, a usual host of intestinal microbiota, is recognized also as etiological agent of numerous infections widespread in both humans and animals. The colibacillosis is one of the most reported zoonoses worldwide, typically treated with antibiotics in the primary stages. This strategy has promoted the onset of antibiotic-resistant serotypes of E. coli, reducing the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments and contributing to antibiotic resistance spread. The current study focused on biodiversity, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance profile of 104 E. coli strains isolated from domestic animals in Eastern Sicily. The strains were isolated from sick animals and carcasses of six different animal species and screened for resistance against 16 antibiotic molecules, as recommended by WHO and OIE. The antibiotic resistance patterns highlighted that all strains were multi-resistant, showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. The highest incidence of resistance was observed against amoxicillin (100%), tylosin (97%), sulfamethoxazole (98%), and erythromycin (92%), while the lowest for colistin (8%). The pathotype characterization identified two EPEC strains and the study of genetic linkage (PFGE) showed a wide variety of profiles. The current study emphasized the wide range of multidrug resistance and genotyping profiles in E. coli isolated in Easter Sicily.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance among fecal Escherichia coli isolated from surface water of Wadi Shueib-Jordan

10.3823/0804 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Zeyad Burjaq ◽  
Saeid M. Abu-Romman ◽  
Moawya A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Running Water ◽  
E Coli

Objective.  Contamination of surface water with pathogenic organism is  highly dangerous for  people who used it for drinking or for domestic activities.  Detection of  Escherichia coli in water can be used as a general important indicator for fecal contamination .This study investigated the occurrence of  fecal E. coli and two important toxigenic types of  E. coli isolates and their  antimicrobial resistance in water samples collected from a surface water source ( Wadi Shueib) in Jordan .   Methods. A total of 51 water samples were collected from three different locations of wadi shueib over a three month, July through September, 2016. For each sample, 200 ml of water was collected in sterilized containers. All samples  which were positive for fecal E. coli were subcultured on Eosin methylelne blue agar and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. E. coli isolates were identified by API- 20 E test , and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes of ETEC and EHEC.   Results. A total of 46 /51 (90%) of water samples were contaminated with fecal E. coli. These 46 E. coli isolates were resistant in the range  between 4%-76%  to  commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infection in Jordan. Multidrug resistant isolates to at least three antibiotics accounted for 17/46 (37%) of the isolates.   Out of 46 fecal E. coli isolates, 4(8.7%) were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.3%) were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) as detected using PCR.   Conclusion. This study indicated that the surface running water of Wadi Shueib is contaminated with potential enteropathogenic E. coli , and it can be a source of causing diarrheal diseases . Fecal E. coli isolates from water also showed high level of antibiotic resistance patterns comparable to human E. coli isolates in Jordan.

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Masudur Rahman ◽  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Hatem A. Elshabrawy ◽  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
Nurjahan Yasmin Runa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Layer Chicken

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are common in retail poultry products. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli in raw chicken meat samples collected from poultry shops in Sylhet division, Bangladesh, as well as to determine correlation between resistance phenotype and genotype. A total of 600 chicken meat swabs (divided equally between broiler and layer farms, n = 300 each) were collected and the isolates identified as E. coli (n = 381) were selected. Disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed resistance of these isolates to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in our isolates. Among these ARGs, the prevalence of tetA (for tetracycline) was the highest (72.58%) in broiler chicken isolates, followed by sul1 (for sulfonamide; 44.16%), aadA1 (for streptomycin; 33.50%), ereA (for erythromycin; 27.41%), aac-3-IV (for gentamicin; 25.38%), and the two genes cmlA (24.87%) and catA1 (8.63%) for chloramphenicol. On the other hand, the respective prevalence in layer chicken isolates were 82.06%, 47.83%, 35.87%, 35.33%, 23.91%, 19.02%, and 5.43%. Furthermore, 49.23% of the isolates from broiler chicken were MDR, with the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including 3 (40.11%) and 4 (9.13%) genes. On the other hand, 51.09% of layer chicken E. coli isolates were MDR, with 3, 4 or 5 ARGs detected in 36.41%, 14.13%, and 0.54% of the isolates, respectively. We also found that 12.8% of broiler chicken E. coli isolates and 7.61% of layer chicken isolates carried genes coding for extended-spectrum SHV beta-lactamases. Lastly, we report the presence of the AmpC beta-lactamase producing gene (CITM) in 4.56% and 3.26% of broiler and layer chicken E. coli isolates, respectively. We found significant correlations between most of the antimicrobial resistant phenotypes and genotypes observed among the investigated E. coli isolates. Our findings highlight the need for the prudent use of antimicrobials in chickens to minimize the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Association of Their Virulence Genes in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otun Saha ◽  
M. Nazmul Hoque ◽  
Ovinu Kibria Islam ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahaman ◽  
Munawar Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Clade B ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns

AbstractThe avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are the chief etiology of avian colibacillosis worldwide. The present study investigated the circulating phylotypes, existence of virulence genes (VGs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 392 APEC isolates, obtained from 130 samples belonged to six farms using both phenotypic and PCR-based molecular approaches. Congo red binding (CRB) assay confirmed 174 APEC isolates which were segregated into 10, 9 and 8 distinctive genotypes by RAPD assay (discriminatory index, D=0.8707), BOX-PCR (D=0.8591) and ERIC-PCR (D=0.8371), respectively. The combination of three phylogenetic markers (chuA, yjaA and DNA fragment TspE4.C2) classified APEC isolates into B23 (37.36%), A1 (33.91%), D2 (11.49%), B22 (9.20%) and B1 (8.05%) phylotypes. Majority of the APEC isolates (75-100%) harbored VGs (ial, fimH, crl, papC and cjrC), and of them, VGs (papC and cjrC) and phylotypes (D2 and B2) of APEC had significant (p=0.004) association with colibacillosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed two distinct clades (Clade A and Clade B) of APEC where Clade A had 98-100.0% similarity with E. coli APEC O78 and E. coli EHEC strains, and Clade B had closest relationship with E. coli O169:H41 strain. Interestingly, phylogroups B2 and D2 were found in the APEC strains of both clades while the strains from phylogroups A1 and B1 were found in clade A only. In this study, 81.71% of the isolates were biofilm formers and possessed plasmids of varying ranges (1.0 to 54 kb). In vitro antibiogram profiling revealed that 100.0% isolates were resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, of which61.96%, 55.24, 53.85, 51.16 and 45.58 % isolates in phylotypes B1, D2, B22, B23 and A1, respectively were these antimicrobials. The resistance patterns varied among different phylotypes, notably in phylotype B22 showing the highest resistance to ampicillin (90.91%), nalidixic acid (90.11%), tetracycline (83.72%) and nitrofurantoin (65.12%). Correspondence analysis also showed significant correlation of phylotypes with CRB (p=0.008), biofilm formation (p=0.02), drug resistance (p=0.03) and VGs (p=0.06). This report demonstrated that B2 and A1 phylotypes are dominantly circulating APEC phylotypes in Bangladesh; however, B2 and D2 are strongly associated with the pathogenicity. A high prevalence of antibiotic resistant APEC strains from different phylotypes suggest to use of organic antimicrobial compounds, and/or metals, and the rotational use of antibiotics in the poultry farms in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Fresh Seafood Sold in Retail Markets of Mumbai, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem Sanjit Singh ◽  
Binaya Bhusan Nayak ◽  
Sanath H. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Encoding Genes

In this study, fresh seafood in retail markets was investigated for the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the faecal indicator Escherichia coli and distribution of important β-lactamase encoding genes. E. coli were isolated from 50 (37 fish and 13 shellfish) fresh seafood samples and studied with respect to the phenotypic and genotypic characters of antibiotic resistance. Of 475 E. coli isolates from fresh seafood, 71.58% exhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive phenotypes. A high percentage of isolates were resistant to indicator cephalosporins cefotaxime (95%), cefpodoxime (90.88%) and ceftazidime (90.29%). Relatively higher susceptibilities were recorded against imipenem (74.41%), cefoxitin (66.76%) and meropenem (51.18%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 97.35% of the isolates was above 0.18. The ESBL genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM were detected in 62.37%, 23.35% and 2.6% of E. coli isolates, respectively. The ESBL-producing isolates also harboured the metallo-β-lactamase-encoding genes blaOXA (7.06%), blaNDM (4.42%) and blaVIM (0.88%). This study highlights the risk of dissemination of multidrug resistant E. coli in seafood consumer communities and also the need to improve the hygiene of the coastal waters, landing centres and the retail markets.

scholarly journals The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nontombi Marylucy Mbelle ◽  
Charles Feldman ◽  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Nontuthuko Excellent Maningi ◽  
Lesedi Modipane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Animal Strains ◽  
Plasmid Replicons

Abstract Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli is a common occurrence in food, clinical, community and environmental settings worldwide. The resistome, mobilome, virulome and phylogenomics of 20 multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical E. coli isolates collected in 2013 from Pretoria, South Africa, were characterised. The isolates were all extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, harbouring CTX-M (n = 16; 80%), TEM-1B (n = 10; 50%) and OXA (n = 12, 60%) β-lactamases alongside genes mediating resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines etc. Most resistance determinants were found on contigs containing IncF plasmid replicons and bracketed by composite transposons (Tn3), diverse ISs and class 1 integrons (In13, In54, In369, and In467). Gene cassettes such as blaOXA,dfrA5-psp-aadA2-cmlA1a-aadA1-qac and estX3-psp-aadA2-cmlA1a-aadA1a-qac were encompassed by Tn3 and ISs; several isolates had same or highly similar genomic antibiotic resistance islands. ST131 (n = 10), ST617 (n = 2) and singletons of ST10, ST73, ST95, ST410, ST648, ST665, ST744 and ST998 clones were phylogenetically related to clinical (human and animal) strains from Egypt, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and UK. A rich repertoire of virulence genes, including iss, gad and iha were identified. MDR E. coli harbouring chromosomal and plasmid-borne resistance genes in same and multiple clones exist in South Africa, which is very worrying for clinical epidemiology and infectious diseases management.

scholarly journals Predominance of blaTEM and tetA genes in antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Laguna Lake, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daile Meek Salvador-Membreve ◽  
Windell L. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laguna Lake ◽  
Antibiotic Genes

Abstract Lakes are one of the sinks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); however, information on ARB and ARGs in lakes in the Philippines is scarce. In this study, Escherichia coli was isolated from the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines, Laguna Lake, to detect antibiotic resistance and the presence of ARGs. Broth microdilution assay (BMA) and molecular identification of five environmentally prevalent ARGs (strA, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, and tetA) were performed. The majority (75.70%) of the isolates harbored at least one of the targeted antibiotic genes. Multiplex PCR detected about 49.07% of the isolates had genes for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), which were mostly represented by blaTEM (47.66%). The genes strA and tetA were observed in this study with detection frequencies of 29.91 and 45.33%, respectively. About 95.69% of thermotolerant E. coli isolates were non-susceptible to six different antibiotics using BMA. Nearly 37% of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) with most isolates resistant to ampicillin (81.72%). Furthermore, the occurrence of ESBL genes was significantly correlated with tetA genes (P = 0.013). To date, this study is the first to report on the presence of MDR and thermotolerant E. coli in Laguna Lake, Philippines.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Hybrid Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli Associated with Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Water, Johannesburg, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
John Y. Bolukaoto ◽  
Atheesha Singh ◽  
Ntando Alfinete ◽  
Tobias G. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study was undertaken to determine the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in environmental waters of Johannesburg, South Africa. Samples were collected and cultured on selective media. An 11-plex PCR assay was used to differentiate five DEC, namely: enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC). The antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was determined using the VITEK®-2 automated system. The virulence profiles of 170 E. coli tested showed that 40% (68/170) were commensals and 60% (102/170) were pathogenic. EPEC had a prevalence of 19.2% (32/170), followed by ETEC 11.4% (19/170), EAEC 6% (10/170) and EHEC 3% (5/170). Hybrid DEC carrying a combination of simultaneously two and three pathogenic types was detected in twenty-eight and nine isolates, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed isolates with multidrug resistance, including cefuroxime (100%), ceftazidime (86%), cefotaxime (81%) and cefepime (79%). This study highlighted the widespread occurrence of DEC and antibiotic resistance strains in the aquatic ecosystem of Johannesburg. The presence of hybrid pathotypes detected in this study is alarming and might lead to more severe diseases. There is a necessity to enhance surveillance in reducing the propagation of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains in this area.

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