A Comparison Study of Vitamin D Deficiency among Older Adults in China and the United States

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a common health concern worldwide. We aim to compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among older adults (65+) in China and the United States (US). We used data from the 2011 wave of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in China (n = 2180), and 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US (n = 2283). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured and a level of under 30/50 nmol/L was defined as vitamin D severe deficiency/deficiency. Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency were examined by multivariate regression models. We found that the mean 25(OH)D concentration was lower in China than in the US (45.1 vs. 83.5 nmol/L), with Chinese elderly lower than American elderly for every age group. 70.3% in China and 17.4% in the US were considered as vitamin D deficiency (30.6% and 3.4% were considered as severe deficiency). Older age, females, ethnic minorities, higher household income, self-rated “very bad” health, and never drinkers, were statistically significant in predicting lower serum 25(OH)D levels in China. In the US, males, ethnic minorities, lower income, self-rated “very bad” health, physically inactive, overweight, and obese were related to lower serum 25(OH)D levels. Our findings suggest that different interventional strategies are needed to improve vitamin D deficiency and its associated negative health outcomes in China and the US.

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Risk of Osteoarthritis is Positively Associated with Vitamin D Status, but Not Bone Mineral Density, in Older Adults in the United States

Journal of the American College of Nutrition ◽

10.1080/07315724.2020.1787907 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hansaem Park ◽

Clara Yongjoo Park

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

The United States ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Mineral Density

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The intelligence of six-year-olds in Hong Kong

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000018198 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 461-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jimmy Chan ◽

Richard Lynn

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

The United States ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Pacific Basin ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Us ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk

SummaryEvidence has accumulated to suggest that the mean IQs of Orientals in the United States and in the countries of the Pacific Basin are higher than those of Whites (Caucasoids) in the United States and Britain. This paper presents evidence from IQ tests on 4858 6-year-old Chinese children in Hong Kong. On the Coloured Progressive Matrices these children obtained a mean IQ of 116. Samples from Australia, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Romania, the UK and the US obtain IQs in the range 95–102. It is suggested that these results pose difficulties for the environmentalist explanations commonly advanced to explain the low mean IQs obtained by some ethnic minorities in the United States.

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Vitamin D status in the United States, 2011–2014

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 150-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Kirsten A Herrick ◽

Renee J Storandt ◽

Joseph Afful ◽

Christine M Pfeiffer ◽

Rosemary L Schleicher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

At Risk ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The United States ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Hispanic Origin ◽

Medicare Part B

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D is important for bone health; in 2014 it was the fifth most commonly ordered laboratory test among Medicare Part B payments. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe vitamin D status in the US population in 2011–2014 and trends from 2003 to 2014. Methods We used serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from NHANES 2011–2014 (n = 16,180), and estimated the prevalence at risk of deficiency (<30 nmol/L) or prevalence at risk of inadequacy (30–49 nmol/L) by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and dietary intake of vitamin D. We also present trends between 2003 and 2014. Results In 2011–2014, the percentage aged ≥1 y at risk of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.1%, 6.2%) and 18.3% (95% CI: 16.2%, 20.6%). The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was lowest among children aged 1–5 y (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%), peaked among adults aged 20–39 y (7.6%; 95% CI: 6.0%, 9.6%), and fell to 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0%, 4.0%) among adults aged ≥60 y; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was higher among non-Hispanic black (17.5%; 95% CI: 15.2%, 20.0%) than among non-Hispanic Asian (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.9%, 9.9%), non-Hispanic white (2.1%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 2.7%), and Hispanic (5.9%; 95% CI: 4.4%, 7.8%) persons; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. Persons with higher vitamin D dietary intake or who used supplements had lower prevalences of at risk of deficiency or inadequacy. From 2003 to 2014 there was no change in the risk of vitamin D deficiency; the risk of inadequacy declined from 21.0% (95% CI: 17.9%, 24.5%) to 17.7% (95% CI: 16.0%, 19.7%). Conclusion The prevalence of at risk of vitamin D deficiency in the United States remained stable from 2003 to 2014; at risk of inadequacy declined. Differences in vitamin D status by race and Hispanic origin warrant additional investigation.

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Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2004064117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (16) ◽

pp. 9122-9126 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Seyed M. Moghadas ◽

Affan Shoukat ◽

Meagan C. Fitzpatrick ◽

Chad R. Wells ◽

Pratha Sah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

The United States ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Health Concern ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Scenario Analyses ◽

The Us ◽

Care Capacity

In the wake of community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in the United States, there is a growing public health concern regarding the adequacy of resources to treat infected cases. Hospital beds, intensive care units (ICUs), and ventilators are vital for the treatment of patients with severe illness. To project the timing of the outbreak peak and the number of ICU beds required at peak, we simulated a COVID-19 outbreak parameterized with the US population demographics. In scenario analyses, we varied the delay from symptom onset to self-isolation, the proportion of symptomatic individuals practicing self-isolation, and the basic reproduction number R0. Without self-isolation, when R0 = 2.5, treatment of critically ill individuals at the outbreak peak would require 3.8 times more ICU beds than exist in the United States. Self-isolation by 20% of cases 24 h after symptom onset would delay and flatten the outbreak trajectory, reducing the number of ICU beds needed at the peak by 48.4% (interquartile range 46.4–50.3%), although still exceeding existing capacity. When R0 = 2, twice as many ICU beds would be required at the peak of outbreak in the absence of self-isolation. In this scenario, the proportional impact of self-isolation within 24 h on reducing the peak number of ICU beds is substantially higher at 73.5% (interquartile range 71.4–75.3%). Our estimates underscore the inadequacy of critical care capacity to handle the burgeoning outbreak. Policies that encourage self-isolation, such as paid sick leave, may delay the epidemic peak, giving a window of time that could facilitate emergency mobilization to expand hospital capacity.

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NINETEENTH CENTURY MEXICAN STATURES IN THE UNITED STATES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH INSOLATION AND VITAMIN D

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932009990241 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 113-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

SCOTT ALAN CARSON

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

19Th Century ◽

Primary Source ◽

The United States ◽

Living Standards ◽

Established Method ◽

Us Economy ◽

The Us ◽

Height Data

SummaryThe use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economics. However, there are still some populations, places and times for which the comparison across groups remains unclear. One example is 19th century Mexicans in the US. This study demonstrates that after comparing the statures of Mexicans born in Mexico and the US the primary source of the stature difference between the two groups was birth year, and the stature gap increased as the US economy developed while the Mexican economy stagnated. Moreover, the stature growth of Mexicans born in the US was related to vitamin D, and the Mexican relationship between stature and insolation was more like that of Europeans than Africans.

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Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Nutrient Intake and Nutrition Adequacy in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1115-1115

Author(s):

Yong Zhu ◽

Neha Jain ◽

James Normington ◽

Jean-Michel Michno ◽

Nort Holschuh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

The United States ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has been associated with improved intake of under-consumed nutrients. This study was conducted to examine consumption of RTEC and its association with nutrient intake and nutrition adequacy in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 was used. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RETC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Total daily nutrient intake was compared by RTEC consumption status using ANOVA for survey data. Percentages below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for selected vitamins and minerals that are usually fortified in RTEC products were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method as estimate of usual intake. Data were analyzed in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221) separately. Results Among children, 34% reported RTEC consumption. The percentage of RTEC consumers was 14% in adults 18–64y and 22% in adults 65y or older. Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D (all P < 0.05), but not with intake of protein, saturated fat, and vitamin E, in all three groups examined. Children who consumed RTEC also had a significantly lower intake of sodium (2735 mg vs 2929 mg, P = 0.02) and total fat (70 g vs 76 g, P = 0.005) than non-eaters, whereas energy intake was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in adults 18–64y (2390 kcal vs 2171 kcal, P = 0.03) and older adults (2081 kcal vs 1921 kcal, P = 0.03). Percentages below EAR for vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, iron were lower in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in all age groups examined. Conclusions We found that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and RTEC consumers were more likely to meet nutrient recommendations compared to RTEC non-consumers. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

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A Comparative Study of the Social Background, Functions and Types of the Ethnic Minority Property Rights System between the US, Canada and China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021402034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 02034

Author(s):

Gu Jijian

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Property Rights ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Social Background ◽

The United States ◽

The Social ◽

The Us

There are obvious differences of the property rights system between the United States, Canada and China’s ethnic minorities. They are reflected in differences of social background, the functions of property rights systems, and the types of property rights systems. From the perspective, the development of the property rights system is different from the general conclusions of the Demsetz.

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Diverse, Culturally Rich Approaches to Family Care in the United States

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 269-269

Author(s):

Lauren Parker ◽

Manka Nkimbeng

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Older Adults ◽

Family Care ◽

The United States ◽

Minority Populations ◽

Culturally Tailored ◽

The Us ◽

Ethnic Minority Populations ◽

Definition Of ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Despite the projected rise in the diversity of caregivers and caregiving in the US, the health system is not prepared to accommodate this growth. Interventions and supports often are not adequately tailored to meet the cultural needs of older adults. Additionally, the limited interventions available for racial/ethnic minority populations frequently fail to capture and report culturally tailored perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to describe how culture influences caregiving in the US. Specifically, it will: (1) provide a contemporary definition of culture; (2) identify cultural domains that impact caregiving; (3) offer examples of how caregiving is influenced by different cultural/demographic backgrounds; (4) provide examples of culturally tailored caregiving programs, and (5) discuss how to approach cultural needs that may not be addressed by current interventions.

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