scholarly journals Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre’s leaf monkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Mallott ◽  
Carola Borries ◽  
Andreas Koenig ◽  
Katherine R. Amato ◽  
Amy Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Leaf Monkeys

scholarly journals The Infant Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Sara Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Further Development

The beneficial flora inhabiting the intestinal tract of an infant is extremely important for health, both in the short and long term. The establishment and further development of a healthy gut microbiome is a complicated interaction of factors in the infant. There are many elements that influence the development of the gut flora that extend beyond birth method and type of feeding. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and during delivery is a common practice and can decrease the diversity of friendly biota in the mother and therefore decrease the amount and variety introduced to the infant. Antibiotic use in the mother while breastfeeding also has implications for health and diversity of the infant’s gut bacteria because varying amounts of antibiotic medications transfer into breast milk. The use of probiotics is a common complimentary therapy that is used for a wide variety of reasons and is frequently used during pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Regulating Gut Microbiome: Therapeutic Strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis During Pregnancy and Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Weidong Fei ◽  
Fujia Ren ◽  
Fengmei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Knowledge Framework ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and bone destruction. Microbial infection is considered to be the most important inducement of RA. The pregnancy planning of women in childbearing age is seriously affected by the disease activity of RA. Gut microbiome, related to immunity and inflammatory response of the host. At present, emerging evidence suggested there are significant differences in the diversity and abundance of gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation, which may be associated with the fluctuation of RA disease activity. Based on these research foundations, we pioneer the idea of regulating gut microbiome for the treatment of RA during pregnancy and lactation. In this review, we mainly introduce the potential treatment strategies for controlling the disease activity of RA based on gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation. Besides, we also briefly generalize the effects of conventional anti-rheumatic drugs on gut microbiome, the effects of metabolic changes during pregnancy on gut microbiome, alteration of gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation, and the effects of anti-rheumatic drugs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation on gut microbiome. These will provide a clear knowledge framework for researchers in immune-related diseases during pregnancy. Regulating gut microbiome may be a potential and effective treatment to control the disease activity of RA during pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with gut microbiome structure in African and Asian elephants

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia M. Keady ◽  
Natalia Prado ◽  
Haw Chuan Lim ◽  
Janine Brown ◽  
Steve Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background The gut microbiome is important to immune health, metabolism, and hormone regulation. Understanding host–microbiome relationships in captive animals may lead to mediating long term health issues common in captive animals. For instance, zoo managed African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) experience low reproductive rates, high body condition, and gastrointestinal (GI) issues. We leveraged an extensive collection of fecal samples and health records from the Elephant Welfare Study conducted across North American zoos in 2012 to examine the link between gut microbiota and clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones in captive elephants. We quantified gut microbiomes of 69 African and 48 Asian elephants from across 50 zoos using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Results Elephant species differed in microbiome structure, with African elephants having lower bacterial richness and dissimilar bacterial composition from Asian elephants. In both species, bacterial composition was strongly influenced by zoo facility. Bacterial richness was lower in African elephants with recent GI issues, and richness was positively correlated with metabolic hormone total triiodothyronine (total T3) in Asian elephants. We found species-specific associations between gut microbiome composition and hormones: Asian elephant gut microbiome composition was linked to total T3 and free thyroxine (free T4), while fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were linked to African elephant gut microbiome composition. We identified many relationships between bacterial relative abundances and hormone concentrations, including Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., and Akkermansia spp. Conclusions We present a comprehensive assessment of relationships between the gut microbiome, host species, environment, clinical health issues, and the endocrine system in captive elephants. Our results highlight the combined significance of host species-specific regulation and environmental effects on the gut microbiome between two elephant species and across 50 zoo facilities. We provide evidence of clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with the gut microbiome structure of captive elephants. Our findings establish the groundwork for future studies to investigate bacterial function or develop tools (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, dietary manipulations) suitable for conservation and zoo management.

scholarly journals Variation of Gut Microbiome in Free-Ranging Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) across Different Reproductive States

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Binghua Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Yingna Xia ◽  
Yumei Cheng ◽  
Shuxin Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Potential Functions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Macaca Thibetana ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

The gut microbiome is expected to adapt to the varying energetic and nutritional pressures in females of different reproductive states. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to varying nutrient utilizing efficiency in pregnant and lactating female primates. In this study, we examined variation in the gut bacterial community composition of wild female Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) across different reproductive states (cycling, pregnancy and lactation). Fecal samples (n = 25) were collected from ten adult females harvested across different reproductive states. Gut microbial community composition and potential functions were assessed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. We found significant changes in gut bacterial taxonomic composition, structure and their potential functions in different reproductive states of our study species. In particular, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio (Succinivibrionaceae) were overrepresented in pregnant females, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae) were overrepresented in lactating females. Furthermore, the relative abundance of predicted functional genes of several metabolic pathways related to host’s energy and nutrition, such as metabolism of carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, glycans and other amino acids, were enriched in pregnancy and lactation. Our findings suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role in meeting the energetic needs of pregnant and lactating Tibetan macaques. Future studies of the “microbial reproductive ecology” of primates that incorporate food availability, reproductive seasonality, female reproductive physiology and gut inflammation are warranted.

scholarly journals Antidepressant treatment modulates the gut microbiome and metabolome during pregnancy and lactation in rats with a depressive-like phenotype

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouschka S Ramsteijn ◽  
Eldin Jašarević ◽  
Danielle J Houwing ◽  
Tracy L Bale ◽  
Jocelien DA Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
The Impact

Background: Up to 10% of women use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants during and after pregnancy to manage mood disorders, with possible implications for the developing offspring. The microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract contributes to the regulation of serotonin synthesis. However, the interaction between maternal depression, SSRI use, bacterial community composition, and availability of microbiota-derived metabolites during pregnancy and lactation is not clear and may be consequential to the long-term health of mother and offspring. To determine the impact of SSRI treatment on maternal microbial community dynamics, we conducted these studies in a rat model of maternal vulnerability (MV). All MV females are on a background of genetic vulnerability, where rats exposed to early life stress (sMV) develop a depressive-like phenotype. In adulthood, sMV- and control (cMV) females were treated with either the SSRI fluoxetine (FLX) or the vehicle (Veh) throughout pregnancy and lactation. High-resolution 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess the fecal microbiome and metabolite availability, respectively. Results: The diversity, structure, and composition of the fecal bacterial community differed between pregnancy and lactation. Shifts in microbiota composition were accompanied by changes in fecal metabolite availability. FLX altered some key features of the transition from pregnancy to lactation, but only in females exposed to early life stress (sMV-Veh vs sMV-FLX). For instance, sMV-FLX females had lower fecal availability of the amino acids serine, proline, and aspartic acid than sMV-Veh females. These metabolite concentrations correlated negatively with the relative abundance of bacterial taxa Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate an important relationship between antidepressant use during the perinatal period and maternal fecal metabolite availability in sMV rats, possibly through parallel changes in the maternal gut microbiome. Since maternal microbial metabolites contribute to health outcomes in offspring, insults to the maternal microbiome by SSRIs might have inter-generational consequences.

Sleep and its disorders in women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Sleep Apnea Treatment

Reproductive hormones affect sleep in a major way. Particularly common for women are insomnia, nightmare disorder, and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Other sleep disorders may have a different presentation in women. For example, sleep apnea commonly presents with insomnia. Common sleep complaints during pregnancy include hypersomnia due to hormonal changes, as well as insomnia, often due to mechanical sleep disruption, particularly in the last trimester. RLS is also commonly seen in pregnancy, and typically resolves after delivery. During menopause, sleep disruption may be due to hormonal fluctuations or secondary to other menopausal complaints (such as hot flashes at night or sleep apnea). Treatment of sleep disorders in women should always consider plans for pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Glyphosate-based herbicides influence antioxidants, reproductive hormones and gut microbiome but not reproduction: A long-term experiment in an avian model

2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 115108
Author(s):  
Suvi Ruuskanen ◽  
Miia J. Rainio ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Otto Selenius ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

scholarly journals Antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation modulates the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model relevant to depression

Gut Microbes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouschka S Ramsteijn ◽  
Eldin Jašarević ◽  
Danielle J Houwing ◽  
Tracy L Bale ◽  
Jocelien DA Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

scholarly journals Alterations in the Blood Parameters and Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites during Pregnant and Lactating Stages in Bama Mini Pigs as a Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cui Ma ◽  
QianKun Gao ◽  
WangHong Zhang ◽  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
XiangFeng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Relative Abundances

This study was conducted to analyze plasma reproductive hormone and biochemical parameter changes, as well as fecal microbiota composition and metabolites in sows, at different pregnancy and lactation stages, using Bama mini pig as an experimental animal model. We found that plasma prolactin (PRL), progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrogen levels decreased from day 45 to day 105 of pregnancy. Plasma total protein and albumin levels were lower in pregnant sows, while glucose, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as fecal acetate, butyrate, valerate, total short-chain fatty acids, skatole, and tyramine levels, were higher in lactating sows. Interestingly, the lactating sows showed lower α-diversity and Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia relative abundances, while pregnant sows showed a higher Proteobacteria relative abundance. Notably, the Akkermansia relative abundance was highest on day 7 of lactation. Spearman analysis showed a positive correlation between plasma triglyceride and cholinesterase levels and Akkermansia and Streptococcus relative abundances. Moreover, Oscillospira and Desulfovibrio relative abundances were also positively correlated with plasma FSH, LH, and E2 levels, as well as PRL and LH with Bacteroides. Collectively, plasma reproductive hormones, biochemical parameters, and fecal microbiota composition and metabolite levels could alter along with pregnancy and lactation, which might contribute to the growth and development demands of fetuses and newborns.

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