scholarly journals Accuracy and precision of small saccades

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Poletti ◽  
Janis Intoy ◽  
Michele Rucci
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Oculomotor Behavior ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract Despite recent advances on the mechanisms and purposes of fine oculomotor behavior, a rigorous assessment of the precision and accuracy of the smallest saccades is still lacking. Yet knowledge of how effectively these movements shift gaze is necessary for understanding their functions and is helpful in further elucidating their motor underpinnings. Using a combination of high-resolution eye-tracking and gaze-contingent control, here we examined the accuracy and precision of saccades aimed toward targets ranging from $$7^\prime$$ 7 ′ to $$80^\prime$$ 80 ′ eccentricity. We show that even small saccades of just 14–$$20^\prime$$ 20 ′ are very effective in centering the stimulus on the retina. Furthermore, we show that for a target at any given eccentricity, the probability of eliciting a saccade depends on its efficacy in reducing the foveal offset. The pattern of results reported here is consistent with current knowledge on the motor mechanisms of microsaccade production.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

scholarly journals ARETT: Augmented Reality Eye Tracking Toolkit for Head Mounted Displays

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kapp ◽  
Michael Barz ◽  
Sergey Mukhametov ◽  
Daniel Sonntag ◽  
Jochen Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
R Package ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Unity 3D ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Microsoft Hololens

Currently an increasing number of head mounted displays (HMD) for virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are equipped with integrated eye trackers. Use cases of these integrated eye trackers include rendering optimization and gaze-based user interaction. In addition, visual attention in VR and AR is interesting for applied research based on eye tracking in cognitive or educational sciences for example. While some research toolkits for VR already exist, only a few target AR scenarios. In this work, we present an open-source eye tracking toolkit for reliable gaze data acquisition in AR based on Unity 3D and the Microsoft HoloLens 2, as well as an R package for seamless data analysis. Furthermore, we evaluate the spatial accuracy and precision of the integrated eye tracker for fixation targets with different distances and angles to the user (n=21). On average, we found that gaze estimates are reported with an angular accuracy of 0.83 degrees and a precision of 0.27 degrees while the user is resting, which is on par with state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers.

The molecular genetics of inherited deafness – current knowledge and recent advances

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Hardisty ◽  
Jane Fleming ◽  
Karen P. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and managing chronic constipation

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Prichard ◽  
Adil E. Bharucha
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Bile Acid Transporters ◽  
Life Threatening

Constipation, a condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms, is common in Western society. It is associated with reduced physical health, mental health, and social functioning. Because constipation is rarely due to a life-threatening disease (for example, colon cancer), current guidelines recommend empiric therapy. Limited surveys suggest that fewer than half of treated individuals are satisfied with treatment, perhaps because the efficacy of drugs is limited, they are associated with undesirable side effects, or they may not target the underlying pathophysiology. For example, although a substantial proportion of constipated patients have a defecatory disorder that is more appropriately treated with pelvic floor biofeedback therapy than with laxatives, virtually no pharmacological trials formally assessed for anorectal dysfunction. Recent advances in investigational tools have improved our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of colonic and defecatory functions. In particular, colonic and anorectal high-resolution manometry are now available. High-resolution anorectal manometry, which is increasingly used in clinical practice, at least in the United States, provides a refined assessment of anorectal pressures and may uncover structural abnormalities. Advances in our understanding of colonic molecular physiology have led to the development of new therapeutic agents (such as secretagogues, pro-kinetics, inhibitors of bile acid transporters and ion exchangers). However, because clinical trials compare these newer agents with placebo, their efficacy relative to traditional laxatives is unknown. This article reviews these physiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances and focuses particularly on newer therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals High-resolution, ultrafast, wide-field retinal eye-tracking for enhanced quantification of fixational and saccadic motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Maciej M. Bartuzel ◽  
Krystian Wróbel ◽  
Szymon Tamborski ◽  
Michał Meina ◽  
Maciej Nowakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Wide Field

Validation of heart rate measurement of Fitbit Charge 4 and Xiaomi Mi Band 5 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jachymek ◽  
Michał Tomasz Jachymek ◽  
Radosław Marek Kiedrowicz ◽  
Jarosław Kaźmierczak ◽  
Małgorzata Peregud-Pogorzelska
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Fitness Trackers ◽  
Error Percentage

BACKGROUND Recent advances in mobile sensor technology have led to increased popularity of wrist-worn fitness trackers. The possibility to use a smartwatch as a rehabilitation tool to monitor patients’ heart rate during exercise has won the attention of many researchers. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of HR measurement performed by two wrist monitors: Fitbit Charge 4 (Fitbit) and Xiaomi Mi Band 5 (Xiaomi). METHODS 31 healthy volunteers were asked to perform a stress test on a treadmill. During the test their heart rate was recorded simultaneously by both wristbands and ECG at 1minute intervals. The mean absolute error percentage (MAPE), Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) and Bland-Altman were calculated to compare precision and accuracy of heart rate measurements. The estimated validation criteria were MAPE < 10% and LCCC < .8 RESULTS The overall MAPE of the Fitbit device was 10.19% (±11.79%) and the MAPE of Xiaomi was (6.89 % ± 9.75). LCCC of Fitbit HR measurements was .753 (95% CI:0.717-0.785) and of Xiaomi – .903 (0.886-0.917). In both devices the precision and accuracy were decreasing with the increasing exercise intensity. Age, sex, height, weight, BMI did not influence the accuracy of both devices. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of a wearable wrist-worn heart rate monitor varies and depends on the intensity of training. The decision concerning the application of such a device as a monitor during in-home rehabilitation should be taken with caution, as it may prove not reliable enough.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document