scholarly journals Accelerated MRI-predicted brain ageing and its associations with cardiometabolic and brain disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arinbjörn Kolbeinsson ◽  
Sarah Filippi ◽  
Yannis Panagakis ◽  
Paul M. Matthews ◽  
Paul Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Type I ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Systemic Health

AbstractBrain structure in later life reflects both influences of intrinsic aging and those of lifestyle, environment and disease. We developed a deep neural network model trained on brain MRI scans of healthy people to predict “healthy” brain age. Brain regions most informative for the prediction included the cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala and insular cortex. We then applied this model to data from an independent group of people not stratified for health. A phenome-wide association analysis of over 1,410 traits in the UK Biobank with differences between the predicted and chronological ages for the second group identified significant associations with over 40 traits including diseases (e.g., type I and type II diabetes), disease risk factors (e.g., increased diastolic blood pressure and body mass index), and poorer cognitive function. These observations highlight relationships between brain and systemic health and have implications for understanding contributions of the latter to late life dementia risk.

Intracranial meningioma in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Parmenion Tsitsopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Vasileios Tsitouras ◽  
Ioannis Venizelos ◽  
Philippos Tsitsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Heritable Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gait Disturbances

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder characterized mainly by connective tissue manifestations. In dinstinct cases, several neurological features have also been described. A 46-year-old male with a known family history of OI type I presented with progressive gait disturbances and diminished muscle strength. Brain MRI scans revealed an infiltrative intracranial mass occupying both frontoparietal lobes. The patient underwent surgical intervention. The histological diagnosis was an atypical (Grade II) meningioma. The bony parts demonstrated a mixture of osseous defects due to OI and infiltration by the tumor. At one-year follow up the patient′s muscle power partially returned while repeat MRI scans were negative for tumor recurrence.

scholarly journals Nicotine Exposure during Adolescence Leads to Changes of Synaptic Plasticity and Intrinsic Excitability of Mice Insular Pyramidal Cells at Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Hiroki Toyoda ◽  
Kohei Koga
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Intrinsic Excitability ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Layer V

To find satisfactory treatment for nicotine addiction, synaptic and cellular mechanisms should be investigated comprehensively. Synaptic transmission, plasticity and intrinsic excitability in various brain regions are known to be altered by acute nicotine exposure. However, it has not been addressed whether and how nicotine exposure during adolescence alters these synaptic events and intrinsic excitability in the insular cortex in adulthood. To address this question, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to examine the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on synaptic transmission, plasticity and intrinsic excitability in layer V pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the mice insular cortex five weeks after the treatment. We found that excitatory synaptic transmission and potentiation were enhanced in these neurons. Following adolescent nicotine exposure, insular layer V PNs displayed enhanced intrinsic excitability, which was reflected in changes in relationship between current strength and spike number, inter-spike interval, spike current threshold and refractory period. In addition, spike-timing precision evaluated by standard deviation of spike timing was decreased following nicotine exposure. Our data indicate that adolescent nicotine exposure enhances synaptic transmission, plasticity and intrinsic excitability in layer V PNs of the mice insular cortex at later life, which might contribute to severe nicotine dependence in adulthood.

scholarly journals Enhancer locus in ch14q23.1 modulates brain asymmetric temporal regions involved in language processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Le Guen ◽  
François Leroy ◽  
Cathy Philippe ◽  
Jean-François Mangin ◽  
Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIdentifying the genes that contribute to the variability in brain regions involved in language processing may shed light on the evolution of brain structures essential to the emergence of language in Homo sapiens. The superior temporal asymmetrical pit (STAP), which is not observed in chimpanzees, represents an ideal phenotype to investigate the genetic variations that support human communication. The left STAP depth was significantly associated with a predicted enhancer annotation located in the 14q23.1 locus, between DACT1 and KIAA0586, in the UK Biobank British discovery sample (N=16,515). This association was replicated in the IMAGEN cohort (N=1,726) and the UK Biobank non-British validation sample (N=2,161). This genomic region was also associated to a lesser extent with the right STAP depth and the formation of sulcal interruptions, plis de passage, in the bilateral STAP but not with other structural brain MRI phenotypes, highlighting its notable association with the superior temporal regions. Diffusion MRI emphasized an association with the fractional anisotropy of the left auditory fibers of the corpus callosum and with networks involved in linguistic processing in resting-state functional MRI. Overall, this evidence demonstrates a specific relationship between this locus and the establishment of the superior temporal regions that support human communication.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry and Individual Variation in Regional Gray and White Matter Volumes: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470490800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Euler ◽  
Robert J. Thoma ◽  
Lauren Parks ◽  
Steven W. Gangestad ◽  
Ronald A. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Mri Scans

Composite measures of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of skeletal features are commonly used to estimate developmental instability (DI), the imprecise expression of developmental design due to perturbations during an individual's growth and maturation. Though many studies have detailed important behavioral correlates of FA, very little is known about its possible neuroanatomical correlates. In this study we obtained structural brain MRI scans from 20 adults and utilized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify specific regions linked to FA. Greater FA predicted greater whole brain white matter volume, and a trend in the same direction was noted for whole brain gray matter volume. Greater FA was associated with significantly greater gray and white matter volumes in discrete brain regions, most prominently in the frontal lobes and in the right cerebral hemisphere. Developmental studies are needed to identify when FA-related brain differences emerge and to elucidate the specific neurobiological mechanisms leading to these differences.

scholarly journals Enhancer Locus in ch14q23.1 Modulates Brain Asymmetric Temporal Regions Involved in Language Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 5322-5332
Author(s):  
Yann Le Guen ◽  
François Leroy ◽  
Cathy Philippe ◽  
Jean-François Mangin ◽  
Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Identifying the genes that contribute to the variability in brain regions involved in language processing may shed light on the evolution of brain structures essential to the emergence of language in Homo sapiens. The superior temporal asymmetrical pit (STAP), which is not observed in chimpanzees, represents an ideal phenotype to investigate the genetic variations that support human communication. The left STAP depth was significantly associated with a predicted enhancer annotation located in the 14q23.1 locus, between DACT1 and KIAA0586, in the UK Biobank British discovery sample (N = 16 515). This association was replicated in the IMAGEN cohort (N = 1726) and the UK Biobank non-British validation sample (N = 2161). This genomic region was also associated to a lesser extent with the right STAP depth and the formation of sulcal interruptions, “plis de passage,” in the bilateral STAP but not with other structural brain MRI phenotypes, highlighting its notable association with the superior temporal regions. Diffusion MRI emphasized an association with the fractional anisotropy of the left auditory fibers of the corpus callosum and with networks involved in linguistic processing in resting-state functional MRI. Overall, this evidence demonstrates a specific relationship between this locus and the establishment of the superior temporal regions that support human communication.

scholarly journals Brain Structural Changes in Schizophrenia Patients Compared to the Control: A MRI-Based Cavalieri’s Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
◽  
Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb ◽  
Mansour Shakiba ◽  
Enam Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Treatment Trends

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic brain disorder. One of the probable mechanisms can be volumetric changes in some brain regions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate quantitative analysis of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with schizophrenia compared to the controls. Methods: This case–control study was conducted on MRI scans of 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran. MRIs with 4 mm slice thickness and 5 mm intervals in coronal and sagittal planes were captured. Then, quantitative parameters including volume and volume density of various brain regions were estimated in both groups using Cavalieri's point counting method. Data analyses performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings of this investigation revealed that volumes of gray matter, hippocampus, and gray/white matter in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than the controls (p˂0.05). The volumes of lateral ventricles in patients with schizophrenia (36.60±4/32 mm3) were significantly higher than the healthy individuals (30.10±7.98 mm3). However, there were no statistically significant changes in the total volume of brain, cerebral hemispheres, white matter, brain stem, cerebellum, and corpus callosum between the two groups (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Volumetric estimations on brain MRI-based stereological technique can be helpful for elucidation of structural changes, follow-up the treatment trends, and evaluating the therapeutic situation in schizophrenia patients. Volumetric alternations in specific brain areas might be linked to cognitive impairments and severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Further researches are needed in this regards.

scholarly journals 4H Leukodystrophy: A Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Vrij-van den Bos ◽  
Janna Hol ◽  
Roberta La Piana ◽  
Inga Harting ◽  
Adeline Vanderver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans

4H (hypomyelination, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) leukodystrophy (4H) is an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating white matter (WM) disorder with neurologic, dental, and endocrine abnormalities. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for 4H. A scoring system (0–54) was developed to quantify hypomyelination and atrophy of different brain regions. Pons diameter and bicaudate ratio were included as measures of cerebral and brainstem atrophy, and reference values were determined using controls. Five independent raters completed the scoring system in 40 brain MRI scans collected from 36 patients with genetically proven 4H. Interrater reliability (IRR) and correlations between MRI scores, age, gross motor function, gender, and mutated gene were assessed. IRR for total MRI severity was found to be excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.92) but varied between different items with some (e.g., myelination of the cerebellar WM) showing poor IRR. Atrophy increased with age in contrast to hypomyelination scores. MRI scores (global, hypomyelination, and atrophy scores) significantly correlated with clinical handicap (p < 0.01 for all three items) and differed between the different genotypes. Our 4H MRI scoring system reliably quantifies hypomyelination and atrophy in patients with 4H, and MRI scores reflect clinical disease severity.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of domain-specific cognitive decline

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. e1051-e1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L.C. Schneider ◽  
Matthew L. Senjem ◽  
Aozhou Wu ◽  
Alden Gross ◽  
David S. Knopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Mri Scans

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of cognitive declines in the domains of memory, language, and executive function with brain gray matter (GM) volume in old age.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 1,846 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who underwent 3T brain MRI scans in 2011 to 2013. Participants were categorized by cognitive domain performance trajectory over the prior 20 years (cut point to define decline: 20th percentile). Associations between GM volume and cognitive declines were assessed at the voxel level with voxel-based morphometry and at the regional level with atlas-defined GM volumes of specific regions of interest.ResultsParticipants were an average age of 76 years; 60% were female; and 28% were black. Participants in the top 20th percentile for decline in the memory domain had smaller GM volumes in the medial temporal lobe (−3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.6% to −2.1%), amygdala (−2.7%, 95% CI −4.1% to −1.3%), entorhinal cortex (−4.1%, 95% CI −6.0% to −2.2%), and hippocampus (−3.8%, 95% CI −5.2% to −2.4%) compared to participants who were in the lowest 80th percentile for decline in all domains. In contrast, among participants who were in the top 20th percentile for decline in the language or executive function domains, GM volumes were smaller in more brain regions.ConclusionsDeclines in memory function were associated with brain volume loss in the medial temporal and hippocampal formations. Declines in language and executive function were associated with decreases in brain volumes across more noncontiguous brain regions.

scholarly journals Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Vocal Fold Approximation in Healthy and Simulated Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Azure Wilson ◽  
Lea Sayce ◽  
Amit Avhad ◽  
Bernard Rousseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mri Scans

We have developed a novel surgical/computational model for the investigation of unilat-eral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) which will be used to inform future in silico approaches to improve surgical outcomes in type I thyroplasty. Healthy phonation (HP) was achieved using cricothyroid suture approximation on both sides of the larynx to generate symmetrical vocal fold closure. Following high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) capture, sutures on the right side of the larynx were removed, partially releasing tension unilaterally and generating asymmetric vocal fold closure characteristic of UVFP (sUVFP condition). HSV revealed symmetric vibration in HP, while in sUVFP the sutured side demonstrated a higher frequency (10–11%). For the computational model, ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were captured at three configurations: non-approximated (NA), HP, and sUVFP. A finite-element method (FEM) model was built, in which cartilage displacements from the MRI images were used to prescribe the adduction, and the vocal fold deformation was simulated before the eigenmode calculation. The results showed that the frequency comparison between the two sides was consistent with observations from HSV. This alignment between the surgical and computational models supports the future application of these methods for the investigation of treatment for UVFP.

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