scholarly journals Trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas during 2006–2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Parisa Naseri ◽  
Golnaz Vahedi-Notash ◽  
Sara Jalali-Farahani ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractIt is well documented that physical inactivity is related to weight gain and a whole host of chronic diseases. This study investigated trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents in urban and rural areas between 2006–2011. A total of 12,178 adolescents, aged between 15 and 19 years, participated in National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. Data on physical activity was obtained using the global physical activity questionnaire. A complex sample survey and multinomial logistic regression were used to model physical activity levels. The percentage of adolescents who had low levels of physical activity increased from 2006 to 2011 in both urban and rural areas. Low and moderate levels of physical activity were lower in rural girls as compared with urban girls, with a prevalence ratio of 0.59 (95% CI 0.47–0.74) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.47–0.74), respectively. The corresponding values for boys residing in rural areas compared with boys in urban areas were 0.56 (95% CI 0.43–0.75) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.48–0.74), respectively. The adolescents' lifestyles showed an increasing trend for physical inactivity in both genders; however, in rural areas, only girls had a rising affinity for a sedentary lifestyle throughout the 2006–2011 years.

scholarly journals Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Ferreira Regis ◽  
◽  
Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Raquel Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Ameliane da Conceição Reubens Leonidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Methods An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio – OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Conclusion Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle.

scholarly journals Dentition Status and Treatment Needs of 5 and 12 Year Old School Children in Urban and Rural Areas of Guntur, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
S Suresh ◽  
V Narayana Rao ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Pratap KVNR
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the caries prevalence and treatment needs of 5 and 12 year old school children in urban and rural areas of Guntur. Materials and Methods A multi stage random sampling was used to select the sample; survey was conducted among 800 children of 5 and 12 year old in government and private schools from rural and urban areas of Guntur. Results The caries prevalence of 5 year olds was 33.25% (urban 32.5% and; rural 34%) and mean dmft was 0.83±1.5 (urban 0.71 and rural 0.95). The caries prevalence of 12 year olds was 25.75% (urban 31.5% and rural 20%) and mean dmft was0.41±0.89 (urban 0.54 and rural 0.28). Conclusion Caries prevalence was greater in deciduous teeth of 5 year old children than that in permanent dentition of 12 year old children. Among 12 year olds caries prevalence was greater in urban subjects than rural subjects. There is a huge unmet treatment need for dental caries. There is a definite need to bring awareness and motivation in these children to undergo preventive and curative treatments in order to improve their oral health.

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2394-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Eric J Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.DesignCross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period 1988–2016. Effect modification of the education–obesity association by household wealth was tested.SettingMexico.SubjectsWomen (n 54 816) and men (n 20 589) aged 20–49 years.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys (1988, 1999 and 2006; interaction P<0·001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with 45 % higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (1·45; 1·24, 1·69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (0·84; 0·72, 0·99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity.ConclusionThe reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the populations most vulnerable to the obesogenic environment.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of Irish Men’s Shed members

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling McGrath ◽  
Niamh Murphy ◽  
Noel Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Summary COVID-19 disproportionately affects males especially those who are older and more socio-economically disadvantaged. This study assessed wellbeing outcomes among men’s shed members (Shedders) in Ireland at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 months (T4) in response to a 10-week health promotion program ‘Sheds for Life’ (SFL). Two cohorts participated in SFL commencing in March and September 2019. This study compares the T3 findings from one cohort carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic [COVID cohort (n = 185)] with T3 findings from a comparator cohort [pre-COVID cohort (n = 195)], completed pre-COVID-19. Questionnaires assessing wellbeing [life satisfaction, mental health, loneliness, physical activity (PA), self-rated health and other lifestyle measures] were analyzed in both cohorts T1, T2 and T3. Self-rated Health and life satisfaction decreased in the COVID cohort at T3 (p &lt; 0.001), while loneliness scores increased (p &lt; 0.0005). Higher loneliness scores were correlated with lower health ratings, life satisfaction and PA during COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.001). Days PA decreased in the COVID cluster at T3 from T2 (p &lt; 0.01) with those in urban areas reporting lower activity levels than rural areas (p &lt; 0.05). Those sufficiently active at baseline managed to maintain PA during COVID-19 while those not meeting guidelines were more likely to report decreases (p &lt; 0.001). Shedders experiencing COVID-19 restrictions are at an increased risk of poorer wellbeing and increased levels of loneliness. Support and guidance are needed to safely encourage this cohort back into men’s sheds, settings that protect against loneliness and positively promote health and wellbeing. Lay summary The COVID-19 pandemic will have wide-reaching implications on wellbeing, particularly on those who are older and more vulnerable. Evidence also suggests that COVID-19 disproportionately affects males. This study aimed to understand the impact that COVID-19 has had on men in the setting of Men’s Sheds in Ireland. Two cohorts of men who were participating in a 10-week health and wellbeing program (Sheds for Life) at different stages were followed over time. At 6 months follow-up the first Cohort had not experienced COVID-19 whereas the second cohort was actively experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured wellbeing using questionnaires, comparing both groups of men for differences. We found that the men who were experiencing COVID-19 had lower self-rated health, physical activity and life satisfaction as well as higher rates of loneliness, with those who were more lonely reporting lower wellbeing scores. We also found that men in rural areas were more physically active during COVID-19 and that those were not active were more likely to become more inactive during COVID-19. This study suggests that support and guidance is needed to safely encourage this cohort back into Men’s Sheds, settings that protect against loneliness and positively promote health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of Pakistan; a sub-study from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016 - 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Bilal Bin Younus ◽  
Nazish Waris ◽  
Asher Fawwad ◽  
NDSP Members*
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Diabetes Survey ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To assess age standardized prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Methods: This is a sub-study of second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017. Prevalence of tobacco, ex-tobacco and non-tobacco users was determined in urban/rural areas of four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baluchistan) of Pakistan amongst people aged greater than or equal to 20 years. Information regarding tobacco and non-tobacco users were obtained from second NDSP (2016-2017) predesigned questionnaire. Detailed methodology for demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters remained same as reported in second NDSP (2016-2017). Results: The age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan was found to be 13.4%. Tobacco use in urban areas was 16.3% and rural areas was 11.7%. Tobacco use in urban and rural males was 26.1% and 24.1%, while in females was 7.7% and 3.1%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of ex-tobacco use in Pakistan was found to be 2.3%. Ex-tobacco use in urban areas was 2.6% and rural areas was 2.3%. Similarly, ex-tobacco use in urban and rural males was 4.6% and 4.6%, while in females was 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that increasing age does not relate towards addiction of tobacco. Males were found to be 7 times (OR 6.94, 95% CI 5.68-8.49) and urban residents twice (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.73-2.52) more tobacco users than females and those living in rural areas, respectively. From the likelihood ratio test, all variables were found to be statistically significant except for dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use is high. As a sub paper of a large national survey, this evidence is expected to serve as an important tool to plan larger studies leading in turn to develop strategies for a successful tobacco control program in the country. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1705 How to cite this:Basit A, Younus BB, Waris N, Fawwad A, NDSP members. Prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of Pakistan; a sub-study from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016 - 2017. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1705 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Nutrition Behavior and Body Mass Index in Tanzania. Survey from a Cancer Prevention and Awareness Campaign in Northern Tanzania, 2019‪-‬ 2020‬‬‬‬

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Henke ◽  
Susann Rosenbaum ◽  
Oliver Henke ◽  
Furaha Serventi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Abstract Objective: In Tanzania, cancer is becoming a major public health concern. Risk factors such as poor dietary behavior, high body mass index, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption increase the incidence. Limited cancer treatment facilities, prevention programs, and poor knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms in the population contribute to late-stage presentation and high mortality rates. The objective of this study is to examine the association of lifestyle factors including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary behaviors among participants who attended three cancer prevention events in rural and urban areas in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among PrevACamp- attendees in northern Tanzania between August 2019 and February 2020 were chosen. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic data, medical history, dietary habits, and physical activity, the body mass index was also determined.Results: 235 participants (114 urban/ 121 rural) were included in the survey. Urban residents had higher rates of obesity (p=0.0021) and less physical activity than participants from rural areas (4.63 days [SD=2.03] and 5.50 days [SD=2.00], respectively (p=0.006). Urban dwellers often skip their lunch and prefer to eat a snack. They use salt frequently, consume more processed meat, eat mainly starchy foods, drink more alcohol and sweetened sodas. Conclusion: Rural women more interested in cancer prevention than men. People in rural areas are more physically active and less overweight than those in urban areas. The cause is manifold, yet they hint at a lack of health care for women and a progressing urbanization according to Western patterns. There is an alarming high percentage of overweight among urban dwellers. Although people eat more healthy foods compared to rural populations, they tend to have a high body mass index. Physical inactivity and overweight will be a serious problem in Tanzania in the future, contributing to the risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Study of nursing students physical activity levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (SUPPLEMENT 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Joanna Baj-Korpak ◽  
Filip Korpak ◽  
Andrei Shpakou ◽  
Volha Pauliuts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dominant Activity ◽  
Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Activity Areas

Background: Numerous connections between physical activity (PA) and health clearly indicate that nowadays conscious and purposeful PA is essential. Aim of the study: To determine PA levels reported by University nursing students and to indicate the dominant activity areas. Material and methods: A diagnostic survey which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ) was used to examine 419 students of nursing. Results: The reported total PA of the students under investigation was 3443.9 MET-min/week. Walking activities were the dominant area of PA (mean = 1557.6 MET-min/week), whereas vigorous activities were the least common. Compared to women, men accumulated higher values of MET-min/week in the area of total PA and its components, with the exception of vigorous activities. Significant differences in PA were only shown when place of residence was factored in. Conclusions: The IPAQ showed that one in four participants demonstrated high levels of PA. More than onethird of the respondents did not meet the criteria for moderate or high activity levels, thus exhibiting low levels of PA. The participants from urban areas were more active than those from rural areas. Out of the three areas of PA (vigorous, moderate and walking), walking was the most dominate activity.

scholarly journals Association among multimorbidity, physical disability and depression trajectories: a study of urban–rural differences in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Yan ◽  
Hui Liao ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Qin Xiang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyse the trajectories of depression in urban and rural areas, and to analyse the relationship among multimorbidity, disability and other variables and trajectories. Methods Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. A latent class growth model was used to characterise the trajectories of urban and rural depression symptoms. Chi-square test was used to test the differences in respondents’ characteristics among depression trajectories groups within urban and rural areas. The relationships among multimorbidity, disability and depression symptom trajectories were analysed via multinomial logistic regression. Results Urban and rural depression trajectories were divided into three categories. Respondents in urban areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and declining group, and those in rural areas were divided into rising, remaining-low and remaining-high group. The depression scores of respondents with multimorbidity were more likely to rise, and this result was similar for the disabled respondents. Respondents who need help on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in urban areas were more likely to decline in depression scores. In rural areas, however, the values were consistently high. In urban and rural areas, the relationships among marital status, education and age and depression trajectories were different. Conclusions The depression trajectories are different in urban and rural China. Improving the quality of medical services, promoting the distribution of rural social resources and implementing more recreational activities could be beneficial for the promotion of mental health in rural areas.

scholarly journals A study of physical activity levels and its correlates among adults: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Patil ◽  
Manjusha Dhoble ◽  
Alka Kaware
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background: Three fourth of the world’s death burden is shared by low to middle income countries due to non-communicable diseases. Physical inactivity is one of the important preventable risk factor in non-communicable diseases. It amounts to 4th leading risk factor for global mortality. Hence, this study was conducted to study the physical activity level and its correlates among adult patients attending health training centres in Nagpur. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending the health centres of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College. Pregnant women, lactating women, debilitated patients and patients not giving consent were excluded from the study. A preformed and pretested questionnaire was used to conduct the interviews which included socio-demographic variables like age, sex, and educational status. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were measured according to the standard guidelines. The physical activity level was calculated using the principles of 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation (WHO, 1985). Results: Of 200 study subjects, 59% were having a sedentary lifestyle, 27% were having a moderately active lifestyle and 14% were having a vigorously active lifestyle. A statistically significant increasing trend for sedentary study subjects (p =0.002 with age was found. Those who reported sedentary physical activity levels had 3.42 odds of being hypertensive, 7.44 times odds of being diabetic, 3 times odds of being overweight and 2.41 odds of being obese. The adults in urban areas were having significantly less physical activity levels when compared rural areas. Conclusions: Higher levels of sedentary lifestyle were found in urban areas compared to rural areas. As the age increased the sedentary lifestyle was having a significantly increasing trend. Physical activity was associated with the diabetic status, hypertensive status, and obesity status.  

scholarly journals THE GADGET GENERATION: BODY MASS INDEX AND DURATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SCREEN-VIEWING AMONG PRESCHOOLERS IN KUANTAN, PAHANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri ◽  
Norashikin Mustafa ◽  
Roszanadia Rusali ◽  
Alhafizah A. Ramos ◽  
Jamilah Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
International Recommendation ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Screen Viewing ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Sedentary lifestyle due to physical inactivity and increased screen-viewing (SV) duration is one of the risk factors for childhood obesity. Thus, this study aimed to assess body mass index (BMI), SV and physical activity (PA) durations among children aged four-to-six years (N=284) attending kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Kuantan, Pahang. The SV and PA durations were estimated via a questionnaire completed by their parents. The preschoolers’ height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and a digital weighing scale, respectively. The BMI-for-age status was interpreted using the CDC growth charts and cut-off points. A total of 37.8% of respondents were underweight, 16.7% overweight/obese, while the rest had normal BMI. Almost 90% of the children were using electronic gadgets. In addition, 89.8% of them recorded >two hours/day of total SV duration, exceeding the international recommendation of <two hours/day of screen time and the Malaysian Dietary Guideline’s recommendation of <two hours/day of sedentary activity. Only 49.8% (on weekdays) and 75.4% (on weekends) of the children met the recommended one hour/day of moderate PA by the WHO. There were no significant differences of BMI, SV and PA durations between urban and rural respondents. The preschoolers in Kuantan were largely found to exceed the recommended SV duration and only half of them met the recommended PA duration on most days. This suggests that intervention is needed to curb these obesity-inducing sedentary behaviours due to long SV duration and physical inactivity among preschoolers across urban and rural areas of the Pahang capital district.

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