scholarly journals Evaluation of the release of nickel and titanium under orthodontic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Velasco-Ibáñez ◽  
Edith Lara-Carrillo ◽  
Raúl Alberto Morales-Luckie ◽  
Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán ◽  
Víctor Hugo Toral-Rizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Fixed Appliances

AbstractThe metal alloys used in dentistry are made mainly of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and other elements such as molybdenum (Mo), zirconium (Zr), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), chrome (Cr), carbon (C), copper (Cu) and niobium (Nb) which can release metal ions in unstable environments. The aim of this work was determine the salivary pH before and during orthodontic treatment; evaluate the release of metal ions, mainly Ni and Ti, in urine and saliva using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES); and evaluate the corrosion using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). In this study, we selected 35 individuals under orthodontic treatment, from whom saliva and urine samples were collected in 3 stages: (a) basal, (b) at 3 and (c) 6 months after the placement of the fixed appliances. SEM analyzed the Ni–Ti (0.016″) and stainless steel (SS) (0.016 × 0.022″) archs after 1 month of being in contact with the oral cavity. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata using the ANOVA model of repeated measures with a p < 0.05. A statistically significant difference in the concentration of Ni in saliva were found between 3 and 6 months of intervention and Ti in urine was found 3 and 6 months.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study Between Conventional ICP-OES and the Innovative PLS Model-Assisted ICP-OES for the Assay of Trace Elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M Michael ◽  
Ahmed A Mohamed ◽  
Yousef A Abdelaziz ◽  
Nesma M Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background Inductively coupled plasma is widely used for elemental analysis with the advantage of being eco-friendly since the discharge is free of contaminants. Objective A rapid, novel method was developed for the quantitation of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry.This method has the advantage of simultaneous calibration compared to the conventional method. Method The assay was carried out for iron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum using the linear regression model partial least-squares. Results The method was optimized and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, showing highly accurate and precise results. The linearity range was 0.25–4 ppm for all trace elements under investigation. The method was applied for the assay of the cited elements in non-chelated and amino acid chelated multi-mineral preparations in the Egyptian market with acceptable mean percent recovery. Conclusions In comparison with the official method by flame emission, statistical analysis showed no significant difference with Student’s t-test and F-values. Highlights Inductively coupled plasma is superior as all of the elements can be measured simultaneously. The method was found to have a high degree of specificity and can be easily applied in routine elemental analysis in laboratories.

scholarly journals Iron Redistribution Upon Thermokarst Processes in the Yedoma Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Monhonval ◽  
Jens Strauss ◽  
Elisabeth Mauclet ◽  
Catherine Hirst ◽  
Nathan Bemelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Amorphous Oxides ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Flooding Events

Ice-rich permafrost has been subject to abrupt thaw and thermokarst formation in the past and is vulnerable to current global warming. The ice-rich permafrost domain includes Yedoma sediments that have never thawed since deposition during the late Pleistocene and Alas sediments that were formed by previous thermokarst processes during the Lateglacial and Holocene warming. Permafrost thaw unlocks organic carbon (OC) and minerals from these deposits and exposes OC to mineralization. A portion of the OC can be associated with iron (Fe), a redox-sensitive element acting as a trap for OC. Post-depositional thaw processes may have induced changes in redox conditions in these deposits and thereby affected Fe distribution and interactions between OC and Fe, with knock-on effects on the role that Fe plays in mediating present day OC mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we measured Fe concentrations and proportion of Fe oxides and Fe complexed with OC in unthawed Yedoma and previously thawed Alas deposits. Total Fe concentrations were determined on 1,292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain using portable X-ray fluorescence; these concentrations were corrected for trueness using a calibration based on a subset of 144 samples measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after alkaline fusion (R2 = 0.95). The total Fe concentration is stable with depth in Yedoma deposits, but we observe a depletion or accumulation of total Fe in Alas deposits, which experienced previous thaw and/or flooding events. Selective Fe extractions targeting reactive forms of Fe on unthawed and previously thawed deposits highlight that about 25% of the total Fe is present as reactive species, either as crystalline or amorphous oxides, or complexed with OC, with no significant difference in proportions of reactive Fe between Yedoma and Alas deposits. These results suggest that redox driven processes during past thermokarst formation impact the present-day distribution of total Fe, and thereby the total amount of reactive Fe in Alas versus Yedoma deposits. This study highlights that ongoing thermokarst lake formation and drainage dynamics in the Arctic influences reactive Fe distribution and thereby interactions between Fe and OC, OC mineralization rates, and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ICP/XRF Analysis for Trace Elements in Soil Samples from Gezira and Suki Schemes, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Marwa M Adam ◽  
Mustafa M Osman ◽  
Ahmed Salih Elhag ◽  
Mohamed A Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In the present study, soil samples have been collected from two different agriculture areas: Gezira and Suki schemes in Sudan, The elemental concentrations for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb have been determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The accuracy of measurements has been investigated by using ISE (PT) 1&4 and fortified samples for ICP, IAEA-Soil-7 XRF, respectively. A good agreement was found between certified and measured values. The average elemental concentrations by ICP of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 84.7, 48.15, 33.5, 65.43, and 12.57 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 105, 65.1, 41.3, 55.4, and 12.74 ppm, respectively. The average elemental concentrations by XRF of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 77.21, 43.72, 27.62, 86.96, and 18.74 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 123.33, 57.41, 35.99, 98.85, and 16.43 ppm, respectively. A statistical test (t-test) was applied to the data of both methods without any significant difference between the two techniques. The results obtained were compared to WHO permissible limits. Correlations between different elements were performed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done for the data. The average elemental concentrations were calculated and compared with data from the literature. 

scholarly journals The silicon content of beer and its bioavailability in healthy volunteers

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supannee Sripanyakorn ◽  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Hazel Elliott ◽  
Caroline Walker ◽  
Payal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Si Content

Dietary Si, as soluble orthosilicic acid (OSA), may be important for the growth and development of bone and connective tissue. Beer appears to be a major contributor to Si intake, although the Si content of beer and its bioavailability in human subjects have not been well established. Here we investigated the Si content of different beers and then estimated Si absorption from beer in healthy volunteers. The Si content of seventy-six different beers was estimated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and one of the beers, used in the ingestion study, was ultrafiltered to determine OSA content. Next, following the ingestion of 0·6 litres beer (22·5mg Si; 4·6% (v/v) ethanol), serum and urinary Si levels were measured in nine healthy volunteers over a 6h period. A solution of OSA was similarly investigated as a positive control and water and 4·6% ethanol as negative controls. The mean Si level of beer was 19·2 (SD 6·6) mg/l; the median Si level was 18·0mg/l. There was no significant difference in the Si levels of the different beers by geographical origin or type of beer. Serum and urinary Si levels increased considerably following the ingestion of beer or a solution of OSA but not with the ingestion of either 4·6% ethanol or water. The ultrafilterability of Si from beer (about 80%) and its absorption in volunteers (about 55%) was comparable with that of a solution of OSA suggesting that Si in beer is present chiefly in a monomeric form and is readily bioavailable.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Arsenic in Pampanga, Philippines

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2366
Author(s):  
Kurt Louis B. Solis ◽  
Reygie Q. Macasieb ◽  
Roel C. Parangat ◽  
Augustus C. Resurreccion ◽  
Joey D. Ocon
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Several confirmed cases of arsenic (As) poisoning have been reported in Central Luzon, the Philippines, in recent years. There is a growing interest in As research in the Philippines due to the reported As poisoning cases. However, an extensive spatiotemporal As study has not been conducted. In this work, As concentration measurements were conducted in 101 wells in Guagua, Pampanga, in Central Luzon, the Philippines, from November 2018 to November 2019. The wells included 86 public hand pumps, 10 pumping stations, and 5 private, jet-powered pumps. Using hydride generation—inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy (HG-ICP-OES), analysis of the wells in 12 barangays in Guagua revealed that 38.7% had average As concentrations beyond the 10 ppb limit with some wells having high Mn (4.0 ppm) and Fe (2.0 ppm) content as well. The high pH and reducing conditions in the wells in Guagua may have contributed to the persistence of As in the groundwater. The mean difference in wet season versus dry season As measurements were −4.4 (As < 10 ppb), −13.2 (10 to 50 ppb As), and −27.4 (As > 50 ppb). Eighty-three wells (82.2%) had higher As concentrations in the dry season, 8 wells (7.92%) had higher As concentrations in the wet season, 7 wells (6.93%) had no significant difference between the wet and dry season, and 3 wells had been decommissioned. These results indicate that there is a significant difference in As concentrations in the wet and dry seasons, and this could have implications in water treatment technology and policy implementation. The work resulted in the first year-long characterization of groundwater As in the Philippines.

Effect of Ozone on Corrosion Behavior of a Cobalt–Chromium Alloy Used in Removable Partial Denture Framework: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110157
Author(s):  
Abdolrasoul Rangrazi ◽  
Amirtaher Mirmortazavi ◽  
Reyhaneh Imani ◽  
Davood Nodehi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polarization Test ◽  
Ozonated Water

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ozonated water on corrosion of a cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr)-based alloy, which is applied for the fabrication of metal frameworks of removable partial dentures. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a total of 30 disk-shaped samples of a Co-Cr alloy were papered and randomly divided into two groups of 15 specimens. In group 1 (control), the specimens were stored in distilled water (DW), and in group 2, the specimens were stored in ozonated water. Around 90 immersions were performed, and the weight change of each specimen was determined. The ion release was analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. The potentiodynamic polarization test was performed for each group to assess the corrosion resistance of the Co-Cr alloy. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Data were analyzed by independent samples’ t-test. Results: The results showed no significant difference between the weight changes of the two groups. The test using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in Co and Cr ions release. In the potentiodynamic polarization test, both groups present similar corrosion behavior, and ozonated water has no deleterious effect on the corrosion resistance and passive range of the Co-Cr alloy compared to DW. Conclusion: As compared to DW, ozonated water has no significant deleterious effect on the corrosion resistance of the Co-Cr frameworks and can be used for cleaning the removable partial dentures.

scholarly journals 4438 Twenty-four-hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Estimated from a Spot Urine Sample May Be Used as an Indicator of Intake in CKD Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Andrea Lobene ◽  
Elizabeth Stremke ◽  
Ranjani Moorthi ◽  
Sharon Moe ◽  
Kathleen M Hill Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Urine Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Spot Urine Sample

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Sodium (Na) intake can elevate blood pressure and is a factor in developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty-four-hour urinary Na (24hUNa) is the gold standard for assessing Na intake but is burdensome. Validated equations estimate 24hUNa (e24hUNa) from a spot urine sample, but these estimations are not validated against a known Na intake in CKD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The current study is a secondary analysis of a 9-day controlled feeding study in moderate CKD patients matched to healthy adults. Only CKD patients were used for the current analyses (n = 8). Participants consumed a controlled diet for 9 days, providing ~2400 mg Na/d as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP). On days 7 and 8, participants collected all urine in an inpatient setting, beginning with a fasting sample on day 7. Urine sample mineral analyses were performed by ICP and urinary creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. The day 7 fasting urine sample was used to calculate e24hUNa using 6 published equations. Log-transformed Na intake, measured 24hUNa, and e24hUNa were compared by repeated-measures ANOVA with planned contrasts using SAS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Fifty percent of the CKD patients (n = 4) were female; 63% (n = 5) were white, and 37% (n = 3) were black. On average, participants were aged 56.6 ± 13.8 y with a BMI of 31.7 ± 9.4 kg/m2 and eGFR of 40.7 ± 7.9 mL/min. Based on actual food intake, average Na intake on day 7 was 2024 ± 388 mg. Average measured 24hUNa was 2529 ± 1334 mg. The main ANOVA was significant (p = 0.02). Results from the planned contrasts found that e24hUNa from the SALTED cohort, an equation developed specifically for CKD patients, was significantly higher than both Na intake (p<0.001) and measured 24hUNa (p = 0.007). For the remaining 5 equations, e24hUNa was not significantly different from measured 24hUNa nor dietary Na intake. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : Our results suggest that e24hUNa calculated using most published equations may provide a reliable and low-burden method of assessing dietary Na intake in moderate CKD patients. These findings should be confirmed in larger samples. Additional studies are needed to validate or dispute the use of the SALTED equation for estimating Na intake.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Economical Pretreatment of Corncobs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yanci Hu ◽  
Pengfei Qi ◽  
Lei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomass Resources

Huge amounts of waste acid and wastewater are generated during the corncob pretreatment process, which limits chemical utilization of biomass resources to produce value-added chemicals and biofuels. In this work, a new approach, i.e., reuse of the corncob pretreatment liquid, is proposed toward diminishing acid and water consumption. Metal ions and soluble proteins in the pretreatment liquid were analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the Coomassie rilliant blue G250 method, respectively. The results showed that the increament of soluble proteins and total metal ions in solution by three reuse rounds of the pretreatment liquid is nearly identical to that in solution by new added pretreatment liquid. Besides, the surface morphology of the corncob obtained by three reuse rounds of the liquid pretreatment did not exhibit significant difference comparing to that of the corncob acquired by new liquid pretreatment. Further, selection basis of an optimal reuse round of the pretreatment liquid is suggested depending on the effective removal of soluble proteins and metal ions from corncobs. By repeated use of the pretreatment liquid, the consumption of both acid and water during the corncob pretreatment process is expected to be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Time Integrated Metal Accumulation on Pellets in an Industrial Harbour “Durban Harbour”

Microplastics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Refilwe Precious Mofokeng ◽  
David Glassom
Keyword(s):  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference

Once in the environment, preproduction plastic polymers between 2–5 mm in size, also known as pellets, can cause physical harm to animals that mistake them for food as they have been reported to accumulate toxic substances, including on their surface. However, the rate of metal enrichment on pellets is not well investigated. In October 2018, Durban experienced a storm that resulted in ±2000 tons of polyethylene pellets being spilt into Durban Harbour, which caused environmental pollution concerns. This event provided a unique opportunity to study metal accumulation on pellets. Pellets were collected at one-month intervals for 6 months following the spill from October 2017 to March 2018, and metal concentrations were compared to concentrations found on pellets collected before the spill. The pellets were digested using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (55%) and sulphuric acid (60%) at a ratio of 3:1 and analysed for numerous trace metals (Al, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Pellets collected in Durban Harbour prior to the spill in a related study (unpublished data) showed higher metal accumulation; however, there was no evident linear increase in metal concentration in pellets over time. ANOVA showed no significant difference for all metals (p > 0.05) in metal concentration between months; however, there was a significant difference between aged and newly introduced pellets.

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