scholarly journals Mental rotation ability predicts the acquisition of basic endovascular skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja I. Paul ◽  
Annegret Glathe ◽  
Niels A. Taatgen ◽  
Christopher J. Steele ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
And Performance

AbstractDue to the increasing complexity of diseases in the aging population and rapid progress in catheter-based technology, the demands on operators’ skills in conducting endovascular interventions (EI) has increased dramatically, putting more emphasis on training. However, it is not well understood which factors influence learning and performance. In the present study, we examined the ability of EI naïve medical students to acquire basic catheter skills and the role of pre-existing cognitive ability and manual dexterity in predicting performance. Nineteen medical students practised an internal carotid artery angiography during a three-day training on an endovascular simulator. Prior to the training they completed a battery of tests. Skill acquisition was assessed using quantitative and clinical performance measures; the outcome measures from the test battery were used to predict the learning rate. The quantitative metrics indicated that participants’ performance improved significantly across the training, but the clinical evaluation revealed that participants did not significantly improve on the more complex part of the procedure. Mental rotation ability (MRA) predicted quantitative, but not clinical performance. We suggest that MRA tests in combination with simulator sessions could be used to assess the trainee’s early competence level and tailor the training to individual needs.

Do Objective Measures of Communication Predict Clinical Performance? – Application in Acute Care Trauma Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 588-592
Author(s):  
Yuhao Peng ◽  
Nicholas E. Anton ◽  
Jackie Cha ◽  
Tomoko Mizota ◽  
Julie M Hennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Nurse Student ◽  
And Performance

Effective communication in healthcare is critical for effective patient care. This study explored communication in an acute care team simulation where medical students were asked to perform as the physician in charge to manage pre-and post-operative patients. Students’ speech was analyzed to determine differences according to communication receiver (i.e., student to nurse, student to patient). Statistical analyses revealed that speech ratio, speech intensity, and number of questions students asked to the nurse or patient were significantly different between communication receivers ( p<0.05). Furthermore, communications initiated by student to nurse contributed 34% of the total time, and 31% from student to patient. Lastly, students spoke 3% higher volume to patient than to nurse, 20% more questions were asked to nurse than to patient. Findings indicated an overall positive relationship between measured audio variables and performance.

How Task Experience Influences Students' Performance Expectancies: The Role of Certainty

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Dickhäuser ◽  
Marc-André Reinhard ◽  
Chris Englert
Keyword(s):  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mathematics Examination ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Experience

The importance of performance expectancies for predicting behavior has long been highlighted in research on expectancy-value models. These models do not take into account that expectancies may vary in terms of their certainty. The study tested the following predictions: task experience leads to a higher certainty of expectancies; certainty and mean expectancies are empirically distinguishable; and expectancies held with high certainty are more accurate for predicting performance. 273 Grade 8 students reported their performance expectancy and the certainty of expectation with regard to a mathematics examination immediately before and after the examination. Actual grades on the examination were also assessed. The results supported the predictions: there was an increase in certainty between the two times of measurement; expectancies and certainty were unrelated at both times of measurement; and for students initially reporting higher certainty, the accuracy of the performance expectancy (i.e., the relation between expectancy and performance) was higher than for students reporting lower certainty. Given lower certainty, the accuracy increased after the students had experience with the examination. The data indicate that it may be useful to include certainty as an additional variable in expectancy-value models.

scholarly journals Endovascular technique simulator for Neuroradiology learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-540
Author(s):  
João Renato Figueiredo SOUZA ◽  
Edgar Marçal de BARROS FILHO ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Barros JUCÁ ◽  
Juliana Paiva Marques Lima ROLIM
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Endovascular Technique ◽  
Endovascular Interventions

ABSTRACT Background: Vascular cerebral infarction (or stroke) is recognized as the third leading cause of death worldwide, and acute arterial occlusion comprises the main mechanism underlying ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases are treated by intracranial endovascular interventions employing minimally invasive intravascular techniques, such as neuroimaging. Conducting practical training in this area is a necessary task since patient safety is a considerably significant factor. There has been a steady increase in scientific research focused on validating endovascular simulation as a tool for training interventionists in endovascular procedures. Current literature confirms the idea that there is a beneficial role of simulation in endovascular training and skill acquisition and technique improvement. Objective: To develop an endovascular technique simulator for learning Neuroradiology. Methods: The methodology consisted of developing a simulator using 3D printing technology. Results: A literature search was carried out, commencing in August 2017, through consultation of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases, using the PubMed and BIREME websites, respectively. Meetings were held between the neuroradiologist specialist and programmers to develop the simulator, which was carried out in three phases: design of the arterial system, design of the prototype of the arterial system in computer graphics, and confection of the arterial system simulator in 3D. Conclusion: The simulator is ready for testing by residents and can enable the student to learn through simulations that reproduce, as realistically as possible, the situation to be subsequently experienced using a concrete tool.

scholarly journals Relationship between acute stress and clinical performance in medical students: a pilot simulation study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Russ ◽  
Ian Morrison ◽  
Cheryl Bell ◽  
Jeremy Charles Morse ◽  
Rhoda Katharine Mackenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Clinical Urgency

BackgroundAcute stress has been linked to impaired clinical performance in healthcare settings. However, few studies have measured experienced stress and performance simultaneously using robust measures in controlled experimental conditions, which limits the strength of their findings.AimIn the current study we examined the relationship between acute stress and clinical performance in second-year medical students undertaking a simulated ECG scenario. To explore this relationship in greater depth we manipulated two variables (clinical urgency and cognitive load), and also examined the impact of trait anxiety and task self-efficacy.MethodsSecond-year medical students were asked to conduct a 12-lead ECG on a simulated patient. Students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions according to clinical urgency (high/low) and cognitive load (high/low), which were manipulated during a handover prior to the ECG. As part of the scenario they were asked to describe the ECG trace to a senior doctor over the phone and to conduct a drug calculation. They then received a performance debrief. Psychological stress and physiological stress were captured (via self-report and heart rate, respectively) and various aspects of performance were observed, including technical competence, quality of communication, work rate and compliance with patient safety checks. Trait anxiety and task self-efficacy were also captured via self-report.ResultsFifty students participated. While there was little impact of experimental condition on stress or performance, there was a significant relationship between stress and performance for the group as a whole. Technical competence was poorer for those reporting higher levels of psychological stress prior to and following the procedure. Neither trait anxiety nor task self-efficacy mediated this relationship.ConclusionsThis study has provided evidence for a link between acute stress and impaired technical performance in medical students completing a simulated clinical scenario using real-time measures. The implications for patient safety and medical education are discussed.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

The Relation Between Financial Incentives, Motivation, and Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Thibault Landry ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Jacques Forest ◽  
Sylvie Guerrero ◽  
Michel Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract. To this day, researchers are debating the adequacy of using financial incentives to bolster performance in work settings. Our goal was to contribute to current understanding by considering the moderating role of distributive justice in the relation between financial incentives, motivation, and performance. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that when bonuses are fairly distributed, using financial incentives makes employees feel more competent and autonomous, which in turn fosters greater autonomous motivation and lower controlled motivation, and better work performance. Results from path analyses in three samples supported our hypotheses, suggesting that the effect of financial incentives is contextual, and that compensation plans using financial incentives and bonuses can be effective when properly managed.

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

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