scholarly journals The influence of vitality forms on action perception and motor response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lombardi ◽  
J. Zenzeri ◽  
G. Belgiovine ◽  
F. Vannucci ◽  
F. Rea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Daniel Stern

AbstractDuring the interaction with others, action, speech, and touches can communicate positive, neutral, or negative attitudes. Offering an apple can be gentle or rude, a caress can be kind or rushed. These subtle aspects of social communication have been named vitality forms by Daniel Stern. Although they characterize all human interactions, to date it is not clear whether vitality forms expressed by an agent may affect the action perception and the motor response of the receiver. To this purpose, we carried out a psychophysics study aiming to investigate how perceiving different vitality forms can influence cognitive and motor tasks performed by participants. In particular, participants were stimulated with requests made through a physical contact or vocally and conveying rude or gentle vitality forms, and then they were asked to estimate the end of a passing action observed in a monitor (action estimation task) or to perform an action in front of it (action execution task) with the intention to pass an object to the other person presented in the video. Results of the action estimation task indicated that the perception of a gentle request increased the duration of a rude action subsequently observed, while the perception of a rude request decreased the duration of the same action performed gently. Additionally, during the action execution task, accordingly with the perceived vitality form, participants modulated their motor response.

scholarly journals Linking differences in action perception with differences in action execution

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Macerollo ◽  
S. Bose ◽  
L. Ricciardi ◽  
M. J. Edwards ◽  
J.M. Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Action Perception ◽  
Action Execution

The Integration of Tactile and Visual Cues Increases Golf Putting Error in a Mixed-Reality Paradigm.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elisabeth Naylor ◽  
David Harris ◽  
Samuel James Vine ◽  
Jack Brookes ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Lateral Error

The integration of visual and tactile cues can enhance perception. However, the nature of this integration, and the subsequent benefits on perception and action execution, are context-dependent. Here, we examined how visual-tactile integration can influence performance on a complex motor task using virtual reality. We asked participants to wear a VR head-mounted display while using a tracked physical putter to make golf putts on a VR golf course in two conditions. In the ‘tactile’ condition, putter contact with the virtual golf ball coincided with physical contact with a physical ball. In a second ‘no tactile’ condition, no physical ball was present, such that only the virtual ball contacted the putter. In contrast to our pre-registered prediction that performance would benefit from the integration of visual and tactile cues, we found golf putting accuracy was higher in the no tactile condition compared to the tactile condition. Participants exhibited higher lateral error variance and over/undershooting when the physical ball was present. These differences in performance between the conditions suggest that tactile cues, when available, were integrated with visual cues. Second, this integration is not necessarily beneficial to performance. We suggest that the decreased performance caused by the addition of a physical ball may have been due to minor incongruencies between the virtual visual cues and the physical tactile cues. We discuss the implications of these results on the use of VR sports training and highlight that the absence of matched tactile cues in VR can result in sub-optimal learning and performance.

The Gregarious Behaviour of Marching Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.) Hoppers

1953 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-234
Author(s):  
PEGGY E. ELLIS
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Cage Floor ◽  
Floor Vibrations ◽  
Number Of Individuals

1. The amount of marching by 4th-instar hoppers of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.) which have been reared in crowds, was studied in relation to the total number of individuals and to the size of the cage. 2. Below 50 hoppers per cage, marching depended partly on the total number of hoppers present and partly on the number in relation to the area of the cage floor. Above 50 hoppers per cage, marching probably depended on the total number present, rather than the area of the cage floor. 3. In all cages, marching was greatly reduced with fewer than 30 hoppers, although even single individuals marched for part of the time. 4. An investigation of the hopper interactions which lead to an increase in marching activity in groups showed that the two most important were visual and mechanical ones. 5. Test hoppers followed moving hopper bodies alive or dead, but only gave a partial response to moving vertical stripes. 6. Mechanical interactions between hoppers greatly increased the proportion of reacting hoppers, but did not increase the distance travelled by the active individuals, beyond those travelled in response to optical stimuli alone. 7. Maximal marching activity, by the maximal proportion of hoppers in a band, depended on an opto-motor response to a moving background of hopper shapes and to the physical contact between hoppers. 8. Air and floor vibrations from other marching hoppers played only a small part in marching, whilst stimuli received via the antennae tended to inhibit marching when total activity was low. 9. The importance of the experimental results in explaining the behaviour of locust hoppers in the field was discussed.

scholarly journals Mind Perception in a Competitive Human-Robot Interaction Game

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1957-1961
Author(s):  
Levern Q. Currie ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Action Understanding ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
Interaction Game

Robotic agents are becoming increasingly pervasive in society, and have already begun advancing fields such as healthcare, education, and industry. However, despite their potential to do good for society, many people still feel unease when imaging a future where robots and humans work and live together in shared environments, partly because robots are not generally trusted or ascribed human-like socio-emotional skills such as mentalizing and empathizing. In addition, performing tasks conjointly with robots can be frustrating and ineffective partially due to the fact that neuronal networks involved in action understanding and execution (i.e., the action-perception network; APN) are underactivated in human-robot interaction (HRI). While a number of studies has linked underactivation in APN to reduced abilities to predict a robot’s actions, little is known about how performing a competitive task together with a robot affects one’s own ability to execute or suppress an action. In the current experiment, we use a Go/No-Go task that requires participants to give a response on Go trials and suppress a response on No-Go trials to examine whether the performance of human players is impacted by whether they play the game against a robot believed to be controlled by a human as opposed to being pre-programmed. Preliminary data shows higher false alarm rates on No-Go trials, higher hit rates on Go trials, longer reaction times on Go trials and higher inverse efficiency scores in the human-controlled versus the pre-programmed condition. The results show that mind perception (here: perceiving actions as human-controlled) significantly impacted action execution of human players in a competitive human-robot interaction game.

Diminished Risk-Aversion After Right DLPFC Stimulation: Effects of rTMS on a Risky Ball Throwing Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaan Tulviste ◽  
Talis Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Response Task ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectives: Several studies on human risk taking and risk aversion have reported the involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Yet, current knowledge of the neural mechanisms of risk-related decision making is not conclusive, mainly relying on studies using non-motor tasks. Here we examine how modulation of DLPFC activity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects risk-taking behavior during a motor response task. Methods: One-Hertz rTMS to the right DLPFC was applied to monitor risk-taking and risk-aversion performance during a goal-directed risky task with motor response. Healthy participants were instructed to aim for a high score by throwing a ball as close to the ceiling as possible, while avoiding touching the ceiling with the ball. Results: One-Hertz rTMS stimulation to the right DLPFC significantly increased the frequency of ceiling hits, compared to Sham-stimulation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the right DLPFC is a valid target for manipulating risky behavior in tasks with a motor-response. Following rTMS stimulation participants' preference shifts toward immediate awards, while becoming significantly less sensitive to potential negative consequences. The results confirm that the right DLPFC is involved in impulse control in goal-directed executive tasks. (JINS, 2019, 25, 72–78)

scholarly journals Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
ORIANA RIVERA-LOZADA ◽  
CESAR GALVEZ ◽  
ELVIS CASTRO-ALZATE ◽  
CESAR ANTONIO BONILLA-ASALDE
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Master's Degree ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Master’S Degree

Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio-demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married (aOR=6.75), having a master's degree (aOR= 0.41), having a working day with less than ten hours (ORa=0.49) and obesity (aOR=0.38) were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 (aOR=0.52), working in the hospitalization area (aOR=1.86) and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (aOR=0.28) and obesity (aOR=0.35). In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID 19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis (aOR=1.84) and having asthma (aOR=2.13) were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Being married, having a master's degree, working less than ten hours were associated with having a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. Being older than 50, working in the hospitalization area were associated with preventive practices. Physical contact with COVID-19 patients was associated with negative attitudes.

scholarly journals The Body Language of Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Filiz Akkilinc Resat
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Diverse Cultures ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractBody language is an element of our lives that is inextricably incorporated into all spheres of human interactions and functioning. It may happen that the same gesture in diverse cultures may have a completely different meaning so researchers from all over the world are recommending to gain as much insight into the concept of nonverbal communication as possible so as not to miss out on certain critical elements that could expose a person to unwanted circumstances. The current article dwells on the importance of learning the essentials of body language and then switches to reviewing the key elements of nonverbal communication such as handshakes, hand gestures, eye contact, head movements, physical contact, and sitting position. After a thorough overview of the key elements of body language, the author discusses the most interesting ways of learning body language. The paper is closed by an in-depth conclusion reiterating the importance of nonverbal communication and its role for the development of human community.

scholarly journals Communication in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Siniscalchi ◽  
Serenella d’Ingeo ◽  
Michele Minunno ◽  
Angelo Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Behavioural Asymmetries ◽  
Conspecific Interactions ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Made In

Dogs have a vast and flexible repertoire of visual, acoustic, and olfactory signals that allow an expressive and fine tuned conspecific and dog–human communication. Dogs use this behavioural repertoire when communicating with humans, employing the same signals used during conspecific interactions, some of which can acquire and carry a different meaning when directed toward humans. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the latest progress made in the study of dog communication, describing the different nature of the signals used in conspecific (dog–dog) and heterospecific (dog–human) interactions and their communicative meaning. Finally, behavioural asymmetries that reflect lateralized neural patterns involved in both dog–dog and dog–human social communication are discussed.

scholarly journals Smiling and use of first-name by a healthcare receptionist robot: Effects on user perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Johanson ◽  
Ho Seok Ahn ◽  
Craig J. Sutherland ◽  
Bianca Brown ◽  
Bruce A. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Social Communication Skills ◽  
Health Applications

AbstractRobots are now starting to be developed and used as receptionists in health applications. In this regard, it is important that robots’ behavioural skills are developed and researched so that people have appropriate and comfortable interactions. Smiling and use of first name are two more important social communication skills used during human interactions. While smiling and use of first name are often employed by robots in human interactions, the effect of these behaviours on perceptions of receptionist robots has not yet been experimentally investigated. This study explored the effects of robot smiling and robot use of the participant’s first name on perceptions of robot friendliness, mind, and personality, as well as attitudes and smiling behaviour. Forty participants interacted with a medical receptionist robot four times, in a two by two repeated measures design. Both smiling and use of first name had significant positive effects on participants’ perceptions of robot personality. Robot smiling also showed significant effects on participants’ overall attitudes towards robots, ratings of robot friendliness, and perceptions of the robot’s mind, and increased the frequency of participants’ own smiling. There were no significant interaction effects. Robot smiling in particular can enhance user perceptions of robots and increase reciprocal smiling.

scholarly journals Observing, Performing, and Understanding Actions: Revisiting the Role of Cortical Motor Areas in Processing of Action Words

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1644-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer ◽  
Matthias Ekman ◽  
Markus van Ackeren ◽  
James Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Left Parietal Cortex ◽  
Language Content ◽  
Motor Areas

Language content and action/perception have been shown to activate common brain areas in previous neuroimaging studies. However, it is unclear whether overlapping cortical activation reflects a common neural source or adjacent, but distinct, sources. We address this issue by using multivoxel pattern analysis on fMRI data. Specifically, participants were instructed to engage in five tasks: (1) execute hand actions (AE), (2) observe hand actions (AO), (3) observe nonbiological motion (MO), (4) read action verbs, and (5) read nonaction verbs. A classifier was trained to distinguish between data collected from neural motor areas during (1) AE versus MO and (2) AO versus MO. These two algorithms were then used to test for a distinction between data collected during the reading of action versus nonaction verbs. The results show that the algorithm trained to distinguish between AE and MO distinguishes between word categories using signal recorded from the left parietal cortex and pre-SMA, but not from ventrolateral premotor cortex. In contrast, the algorithm trained to distinguish between AO and MO discriminates between word categories using the activity pattern in the left premotor and left parietal cortex. This shows that the sensitivity of premotor areas to language content is more similar to the process of observing others acting than to acting oneself. Furthermore, those parts of the brain that show comparable neural pattern for action execution and action word comprehension are high-level integrative motor areas rather than low-level motor areas.

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