scholarly journals Quantitative imaging of ultrasound backscattered signals with information entropy for bone microstructure characterization

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Yin Wang ◽  
Sung-Yu Chu ◽  
Yu-Ching Lin ◽  
Yu-Wei Tsai ◽  
Ching-Lung Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Small Window

AbstractOsteoporosis is a critical problem during aging. Ultrasound signals backscattered from bone contain information associated with microstructures. This study proposed using entropy imaging to collect the information in bone microstructures as a possible solution for ultrasound bone tissue characterization. Bone phantoms with different pounds per cubic foot (PCF) were used for ultrasound scanning by using single-element transducers of 1 (nonfocused) and 3.5 MHz (nonfocused and focused). Clinical measurements were also performed on lumbar vertebrae (L3 spinal segment) in participants with different ages (n = 34) and postmenopausal women with low or moderate-to-high risk of osteoporosis (n = 50; identified using the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Taiwan). The signals backscattered from the bone phantoms and subjects were acquired for ultrasound entropy imaging by using sliding window processing. The independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman correlation coefficient rs, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that ultrasound entropy imaging revealed changes in bone microstructures. Using the 3.5-MHz focused ultrasound, small-window entropy imaging (side length: one pulse length of the transducer) was found to have high performance and sensitivity in detecting variation among the PCFs (rs = − 0.83; p < 0.05). Small-window entropy imaging also performed well in discriminating young and old participants (p < 0.05) and postmenopausal women with low versus moderate-to-high osteoporosis risk (the area under the ROC curve = 0.80; cut-off value = 2.65; accuracy = 86.00%; sensitivity = 71.43%; specificity = 88.37%). Ultrasound small-window entropy imaging has great potential in bone tissue characterization and osteoporosis assessment.

scholarly journals BMD status of Postmenopausal Women in relation with BMI: A study with 93 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Samira Sharmin ◽  
Mabubul Haque ◽  
Syedur Rahman Miah ◽  
Md Mahbub Ur Rahman ◽  
Jasmine Ara Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Score ◽  
Minimal Trauma ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Low bone mass is a common disorder in elderly population which predisposes to fracture with minimal trauma. This study was performed to find out the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Comilla and Mitford, Dhaka over a period of 12 months from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 93 postmenopausal women were enrolled for this study. All postmenopausal women underwent a BMD scan of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae using a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants were categorized into three groups according to their age and BMI. BMD were expressed base on T-score according to WHO criteria. The relation among BMI, age and BMD were assessed.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean age of the study group was 57.13±7.49 years with range of 46 to 75 years. The most postmenopausal women were in age group 55-65years. The mean BMI of the study subjects were 24.18±5.08 kg/m2 with a range of 15.62 to 36.20 kg/m2. Among 93 subjects osteopenia was greater at lumbar spine (45.2%) with T-score mean±SD-1.83±0.33 and osteoporosis at femoral neck (51.6%) with T-score mean ±SD-3.36±-0.67. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed inverse relationship between age and BMD both lumbar spine (r = -0.301, p = 0.003) and femoral neck (r = -0.303, p=0.003) whereas the positive relation between BMI and BMD both at lumbar spine (r=0.338, p=0.001) and femoral neck (r =0.343, p=0.001). These showed that with advancing age, BMD decreases and the risk of osteoporosis increases and with increasing BMI, BMD increases and risk of osteoporosis decreases.Conclusion: The findings of this study portrait that aging and low BMI are risk factors associated with bone loss. So preventive measure should be taken for high risk post menopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 138-141, July 2014

scholarly journals Development of Low-Cost Fast Photoacoustic Computed Tomography: System Characterization and Phantom Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Zafar ◽  
Karl Kratkiewicz ◽  
Rayyan Manwar ◽  
Mohammad Avanaki
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
System Characterization ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Fast Rotating

A low-cost Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) system consisting of 16 single-element transducers has been developed. Our design proposes a fast rotating mechanism of 360o rotation around the imaging target, generating comparable images to those produced by large-number-element (e.g., 512, 1024, etc.) ring-array PACT systems. The 2D images with a temporal resolution of 1.5 s and a spatial resolution of 240 µm were achieved. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by imaging complex phantom. The purpose of the proposed development is to provide researchers a low-cost alternative 2D photoacoustic computed tomography system with comparable resolution to the current high performance expensive ring-array PACT systems.

scholarly journals The associations between different sleep patterns and osteoporosis based on the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Wu ◽  
Pengbo Wang ◽  
Xiaofan Guo ◽  
Guozhe Sun ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

Abstract Summary Based on the use of Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) to assess osteoporosis risk, we found that short sleep duration and taking a daytime nap had an increased risk of osteoporosis. Purpose To explore the associations between different sleep patterns with osteoporosis. Methods 3659 postmenopausal women (average age of 60 years) were divided into low, middle, and high osteoporosis risk categories based on the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA). After having collected by a standard questionnaire, total and nocturnal sleep duration was collapsed to form categories of ≤ 6 h, > 6 h and ≤ 7 h, > 7 h and ≤ 8 h, > 8 h and ≤ 9 h, > 9 h, and daytime nap duration of 0 h and > 0 h. Results As a categorical variable, the total sleep duration of ≤ 6 h per day (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.72), nocturnal sleep duration of ≤ 6 h per night (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.18), and taking a daytime nap (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.64) had higher osteoporosis risk after adjustment for covariates. As a continuous variable, after the adjustment for covariates, both longer total (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.94) and nocturnal sleep duration (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.91) had lower risk of osteoporosis risk while taking longer daytime nap (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19) had higher osteoporosis risk. Conclusions Postmenopausal women with both short total and nocturnal sleep duration (6 h or less) and taking a daytime nap had increased osteoporosis risk as assessed by OSTA.

scholarly journals Measurement of Multiple Intelligences among Sample of Students with Autism, and Intellectual Disability Using Teacher Estimation and Its Relationship with the Variables: The Type and Severity of Disability, Gender, Age, Type of Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Hasan Al-Onizat
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Musical Intelligence ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
Students With Autism

<p>This study aims to measure the multiple intelligence among sample of student with autism<br />disorder and Mental disability by using teacher estimation in multiple intelligence scale and<br />its relationship with the variables: type and severity of disability, gender, and the type of<br />center, the study sample consisted of (81) student with autism and (85) student with mental<br />disability, male and female, who enrolled in private and governmental situations in Amman.<br />And for achieving the goals of the study the researcher developed the multiple intelligences<br />assessment tool consists of (56) items, were verified validity and reliability of the tool where<br />it was found that with acceptable degrees of reliability and validity.<br />After processing the data statistically and analyzed, the results indicated that the most visible<br />intelligence in mental disability is of musical intelligence, and in autism student is the<br />kinesthetic intelligence, And Autistic children also showed superiority in arithmetic and<br />kinesthetic intelligence compared with mental disability. Also children with mild disabilities<br />have high performance in all type intelligences.<br />And there are no differences in type of intelligence according to the gender and this proves<br />that disability affects the brain regardless of the gender. While the adolescents have<br />superiority in each of the linguistic, social and musical intelligence, there are no differences<br />in the multiple intelligences depending on the type of center which the student attends in it.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Continuum Modeling and Simulation in Bone Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Sanz-Herrera ◽  
Esther Reina-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Research Perspective

Bone tissue engineering is currently a mature methodology from a research perspective. Moreover, modeling and simulation of involved processes and phenomena in BTE have been proved in a number of papers to be an excellent assessment tool in the stages of design and proof of concept through in-vivo or in-vitro experimentation. In this paper, a review of the most relevant contributions in modeling and simulation, in silico, in BTE applications is conducted. The most popular in silico simulations in BTE are classified into: (i) Mechanics modeling and scaffold design, (ii) transport and flow modeling, and (iii) modeling of physical phenomena. The paper is restricted to the review of the numerical implementation and simulation of continuum theories applied to different processes in BTE, such that molecular dynamics or discrete approaches are out of the scope of the paper. Two main conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper: First, the great potential and advantages that in silico simulation offers in BTE, and second, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further validate numerical models developed in BTE.

Fractal signature analysis of macroradiographs measures trabecular organization in lumbar vertebrae of postmenopausal women

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Buckland-Wright ◽  
J. A. Lynch ◽  
J. Rymer ◽  
I. Fogelman
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Signature Analysis

Reliability Of Single-Element Diode Lasers For High-Performance Optical Data Storage Applications

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Benedict ◽  
C. B. Morrison ◽  
A. J. Tzou ◽  
A. D. Gleckler ◽  
D. W. Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diode Lasers ◽  
Optical Data Storage ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Single Element

10-year follow-up of the efficacy of clodronate on bone mineral density (BMD) in early stage breast cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 676-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Saarto ◽  
L. Vehmanen ◽  
C. Blomqvist ◽  
I. Elomaa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Mineral Density

676 Background: We have previously reported that clodronate prevents bone loss in breast cancer patients (JCO 1997;15:1341, BJC 1997;75(4):602 and EJC 2001;37:2373). Here we report the 10-year follow-up data. Methods: 268 pre- (PRE) and postmenopausal (POST) node positive breast cancer patients were randomized to clodronate (CL), orally 1.6 g daily, or control groups for 3 years. PRE were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and POST with antiestrogens (AE), tamoxifen 20 mg or toremifene 60 mg, for 3 years. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae L1–4 (BMDLS) and femoral neck (BMDFN) was measured before the treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years. 93 patients were eligible for 10-year analyses: 53 PRE and 40 POST. 132 patients had metastatic disease or died and 39 were either lost to follow-up or had to be excluded because having diseases or medications that influences bone metabolism. Results: PRE: BMDLS decreased -12.4% in the control and −8.7% in the CL group in 10 years: from 0 to 3 years −6.9 % vs. −4.2% and from 3 to 10 years −5.5% and −4.5%, respectively. BMDFN decreased −8.8% and −7.2%: from 0 to 3 years −2.9% vs. −2.6% and from 3 to 10 years −5.9% vs. −4.6%, respectively. POST: BMDLS decreased −3.0% in the AE and −1.7% in the AE+CL group in 10 years: from 0 to 3 years −1.5% vs. + 1.2% and from 3 to 10 years −1.5% vs. −2.9%, respectively. BMDFN decreased −7.7% and −6.0%: from 0 to 3 years −0.1% vs. +1.9% and from 3 to 10 years −7.6% vs. −7.9%, respectively. These differences do not reach statistical significance. At 10-years 18 patients had osteoporosis in LS and 15 in FN. Only 4 patients who had osteoporosis at 10 years had normal BMD before the therapy. Conclusions: As reported previously, clodronate prevents the bone loss during treatment in pre- and postmenopausal women. This beneficial effect seems to be maintained at least for 7 years after treatment termination in premenopausal. In postmenopausal women the effect seems to diminish within time. Due to small numbers of patients these differences are no longer statistically significant. Patients at risk of developing osteoporosis are among those who has pretreatment osteopenia i.e. baseline BMD measurement has predictive value. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document