scholarly journals Intraoperative hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a new diagnostic tool for the detection of cartilage degeneration

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kistler ◽  
Hannes Köhler ◽  
Jan Theopold ◽  
Ines Gockel ◽  
Andreas Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3

AbstractTo investigate, whether hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is able to reliably differentiate between healthy and damaged cartilage tissue. A prospective diagnostic study was performed including 21 patients undergoing open knee surgery. HSI data were acquired during surgery, and the joint surface’s cartilage was assessed according to the ICRS cartilage injury score. The HSI system records light spectra from 500 to 1000 nm and generates several parameters including tissue water index (TWI) and the absorbance at 960 nm and 540 nm. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to assess test parameters for threshold values of HSI. Areas with a cartilage defect ICRS grade ≥ 3 showed a significantly lower TWI (p = 0.026) and higher values for 540 nm (p < 0.001). No difference was seen for 960 nm (p = 0.244). For a threshold of 540 nm > 0.74, a cartilage defect ICRS grade ≥ 3 could be detected with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.81. TWI was not suitable for cartilage defect detection. HSI can provide reliable parameters to differentiate healthy and damaged cartilage. Our data clearly suggest that the difference in absorbance at 540 nm would be the best parameter to achieve accurate identification of damaged cartilage.

scholarly journals Biological Properties and Pathological Stages of Chondrocyte Colony-like Clusters in Osteoarthritic Cartilage Tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOJIAN WANG ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Changqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Osteoarthritic Cartilage ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Osteoarthritis Research Society ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Pathological Stages ◽  
Hypertrophic Changes

Abstract Objective:In these studies,we investigated the timing and location of chondrocyte colony-like clusters in cartilage tissue during the development of human knee osteoarthritis(OA),and explored the biological properties of chondrocytes in colony-like clusters and their significance for degenerative cartilage tissue.Methods:Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grade 0～6 cartilage tissue was obtained from the human tibial plateau, and histologicalsections were made to observe whether there were chondrocyte colony-like clusters in the cartilage tissue and where they occurred. Immunohistochemistry, PCR and western blotting were used to detect the biological properties of chondrocytes in the colony-like clusters and to describe the histopathological stages of the colony-like clusters according to the properties of thechondrocytes in the cluster.Results: There were a large number of chondrocyte colony-like clusters in the middle zone of OARSI grade 3 and grade 4 cartilage tissue.The chondrocytes in the colony-like clusters rapidly proliferated from one to a certain number and then rapidly underwent hypertrophic changes,synthesizing and releasing the MMP-13 protein to degrade cartilage tissue and enlarge chondrocyte lacunae.Eventually, the chondrocytes in the colony-like cluster underwent apoptosis and disappeared, leaving large empty chondrocyte lacunae.According to this process, chondrocyte colony-like clusters could be divided into four stages.Conclusions: Chondrocyte colony-like clusters mainly formed during the development of OA of OARSI grades 3 and 4 could cause the cartilage tissue to become looser and more porous, with more severe cartilage degeneration.

Migrating Progenitor Cells Derived From Injured Cartilage Surface Respond to Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110495
Author(s):  
Lei Ding ◽  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Hongjun Zheng ◽  
Quanming Wang ◽  
Haiyan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Chondrogenic Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

Objective: To delineate the response of migrating chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that arose from the surface of mechanically injured articular cartilage to proinflammatory damage-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). Design: Bovine CPCs and non-CPC chondrocytes isolated from either impacted or scratched articular cartilage were studied. Those 2 types of cells were treated with mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs; 10 nM fMLF and 10 µg/mL CpG DNA), or 10 nM HMGB1, or 10 ng/mL IL-1b for 24 hours. At the end of experiments, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected for analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chemokines, and cytokines that are associated with cartilage degeneration with Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of expression levels was compared by Welch’s t-test. Results: Our data indicated that HMGB1 and MTDs remarkably upregulated pro-MMP-13 expression in CPCs. Compared with non-CPCs, CPCs expressed significantly more baseline mRNAs of MMP-13, CXCL12, and IL-6. MTDs greatly increased the expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in CPCs by over 100-fold ( P < 0.001). MTDs also significantly increased IL-8 expression in CPCs to a similar extent ( P < 0.001). However, when IL-1b was present, CPCs expressed less MMP-3 and active MMP-13 proteins as well as less CCL2 and IL-6 than did non-CPCs. Conclusions: We concluded that CPCs were more sensitive than non-CPCs in response to DAMPs, especially MTDs. The proinflammatory nature of CPCs implied their critical role in the early phase of posttraumatic osteoarthritis development.

scholarly journals Locating the difference: A comparison of pedagogic strategies in high and low performing schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Kaylianne Rialda Aploon-Zokufa
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Low Performing Schools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Research Studies

A number of research studies have suggested that specific pedagogic strategies can have a positive impact on learning, and in turn, have a positive impact on school performance, in particular for children being schooled in disadvantaged contexts. This analysis describes and measures how four of these pedagogic strategies identified in research – the pacing of a lesson, the sequence and coherence of a lesson, cognitive demand and the nature of feedback within a lesson – are displayed in higher and lower performing schools located in lower-income communities in the Western Cape. The analysis forms part of a broader research project, SPADE (Schools Performing Above Demographic Expectation), and is based on fifteen video-recorded Grade 3 numeracy lessons. The analysis suggests a relationship between specific pedagogic strategies and higher performance for individual learners and for schools. The analysis also identifies further effective pedagogic strategies in higher performing schools in lower-income communities.

scholarly journals Comparison of properties determined using electromechanical assessment (Arthro-BST™) with macroscopic and histological properties in symptomatic human articular cartilage of the hip

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Ukai ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
Shiho Wasai ◽  
Takumi Takahashi ◽  
Haruka Omura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Mankin Score ◽  
Osteoarthritis Research Society ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment

Abstract Background Cartilage degeneration is assessed using various methods. Although macroscopic evaluation can directly measure cartilage degeneration, it cannot accurately assess cartilage properties. Histological examination is one of the most accurate methods for evaluating cartilage degeneration. However, it is invasive and requires collection of cartilage tissue. In contrast, the Arthro-BST™ probe can assess cartilage properties noninvasively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Arthro-BST in assessing cartilage degeneration by comparing macroscopic (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] classification) and histological evaluations (modified Mankin score and Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] histological grade). Methods Fourteen femoral heads were excised from 13 patients during surgery to treat hip osteoarthritis or femoral fracture. The ICRS score was used for macroscopic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. The Arthro-BST was applied at sites matching the areas of cartilage damage. The sites assessed using the ICRS classification and Arthro-BST were evaluated histologically (modified Mankin score and OARSI histological grade), and these were compared with the Arthro-BST results. Results The ICRS classification identified significant differences between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.01), between grades 1 and 4 (p < 0.01), between grades 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), and between grades 2 and 4 (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were observed between the Arthro-BST results and the ICRS score, modified Mankin score (structure, cellularity, matrix staining, total score), and OARSI histological grade. Conclusions In the assessment of hip osteoarthritis, the Arthro-BST results correlated with those of macroscopic and histological evaluations. The Arthro-BST is useful for assessing hip osteoarthritis and may be helpful for noninvasive assessment of cartilage degeneration.

scholarly journals Algorithm for Mapping Kidney Tissue Water Content during Normothermic Machine Perfusion Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Wenke Markgraf ◽  
Jannis Lilienthal ◽  
Philipp Feistel ◽  
Christine Thiele ◽  
Hagen Malberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Tissue Water Content ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Normothermic Machine Perfusion

The preservation of kidneys using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) prior to transplantation has the potential for predictive evaluation of organ quality. Investigations concerning the quantitative assessment of physiological tissue parameters and their dependence on organ function lack in this context. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the wavelength range of 500–995 nm was conducted for the determination of tissue water content (TWC) in kidneys. The quantitative relationship between spectral data and the reference TWC values was established by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Different preprocessing methods were applied to investigate their influence on predicting the TWC of kidneys. In the full wavelength range, the best models for absorbance and reflectance spectra provided Rp2 values of 0.968 and 0.963, as well as root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 2.016 and 2.155, respectively. Considering an optimal wavelength range (800–980 nm), the best model based on reflectance spectra (Rp2 value of 0.941, RMSEP value of 3.202). Finally, the visualization of TWC distribution in all pixels of kidneys’ HSI image was implemented. The results show the feasibility of HSI for a non-invasively and accurate TWC prediction in kidneys, which could be used in the future to assess the quality of kidneys during the preservation period.

A decellularized scaffold derived from squid cranial cartilage for use in cartilage tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 4516-4526
Author(s):  
Thou Lim ◽  
Qian Tang ◽  
Zhen-Zhong Zhu ◽  
Yong Feng ◽  
Shi Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Decellularized Scaffold

Decellularized cartilage scaffold (DCS) is an emerging substitute for cartilage defect application.

scholarly journals Transformational Phonology and Reading Acquisition

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert D. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Internal Lexicon ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
English Spelling

This study examined the hypothesis by Chomsky and Halle (1968) and C. Chomsky (1970) that English spelling corresponds to an underlying lexical level of representation rather than to a surface phonetic level, i.e., pronunciation. And that learning to read involves learning the spelling-lexical level correspondences. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the performance of 87 second and third grade Ss on a paired-associate and reading task composed of a morphologically related list of word pairs (REL), e.g., hide—hid and an unrelated (UNR) list of word pairs, e.g., pine—pin. Both sets of pairs exhibit vowel alternations but are stored differently in the internal lexicon. It was predicted that REL would be superior on the tasks to UNR for all Ss and that the difference would be greater for the better readers over poorer readers and the grade 3 Ss over the grade 2 Ss. A multivariate and univariate analysis of the difference scores between the REL and UNR lists on three criterion measures failed with one exception to confirm these predictions. This study did not offer much support for the predictions of transformational theory about reading acquisition.

scholarly journals Aggrecan Hypomorphism Compromises Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties and Is Associated with Increased Incidence of Spontaneous Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Alberton ◽  
Hans Dugonitsch ◽  
Bastian Hartmann ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Cartilage Erosion

The gene encoding the proteoglycan aggrecan (Agc1) is abundantly expressed in cartilage during development and adulthood, and the loss or diminished deposition of the protein results in a wide range of skeletal malformations. Furthermore, aggrecan degradation is a hallmark of cartilage degeneration occurring in osteoarthritis. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of a partial loss of aggrecan in the postnatal skeleton and in the articular cartilage of adult mice. We took advantage of the previously described Agc1tm(IRES-CreERT2) mouse line, which allows for conditional and timely-regulated deletion of floxed, cartilage-expressed genes. As previously reported, the introduction of the CreERT2 cassette in the 3’UTR causes a disruption of the normal expression of Agc1 resulting in a hypomorphic deposition of the protein. In homozygous mice, we observed a dwarf phenotype, which persisted throughout adulthood supporting the evidence that reduced aggrecan amount impairs skeletal growth. Homozygous mice exhibited reduced proteoglycan staining of the articular cartilage at 6 and 12 months of age, increased stiffening of the extracellular matrix at six months, and developed severe cartilage erosion by 12 months. The osteoarthritis in the hypomorph mice was not accompanied by increased expression of catabolic enzymes and matrix degradation neoepitopes. These findings suggest that the degeneration found in homozygous mice is likely due to the compromised mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue upon aggrecan reduction.

Hyperspectral Imaging Applications to Geometallurgy: Utilizing Blast Hole Mineralogy to Predict Au-Cu Recovery and Throughput at the Phoenix Mine, Nevada

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
David A. Browning ◽  
Neil E. Pendock
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Blast Hole ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Process Operations ◽  
Ore Types ◽  
The Phoenix

Abstract The Phoenix mine and predecessor operations in north-central Nevada have produced an aggregate of 5.2 Moz of gold and 550 million pounds of copper from an Eocene-aged Au-Cu porphyry-related skarn. The complex skarn mineralogy intimately associated with ore-grade mineralization poses significant challenges to blasting, mining, comminution, and process operations. These challenges are rooted in highly variable silicate mineralogy, which manifests as fine-grained, submillimeter grain-size, generally green colored rocks that inhibit accurate identification in the field. Prior to this study, all mineralogical data utilized in Phoenix mine ore control were sourced from blast hole cuttings mapped by ore control geologists in the field—the standard practice at many modern mine sites. At Phoenix, a direct link between mineralogy and mill performance was recognized; however, mineralogical data captured in the field was not sufficient to optimize process operations. To address this, it was determined that analytical work was necessary to quantify fine-grained mineralogy of variable ore types. A visible-near and short-wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) hyperspectral imaging system provided the ideal tool, as it allows near real-time mineralogical data acquisition and semiquantitative determination of mineral abundances. Multiple iterative studies were conducted to prove that hyperspectral imaging of Phoenix ore types provides results suitable for process optimization. This six-month study described here included hyperspectral imaging of 3,008 blast hole cuttings samples from three pits, and 877 crusher feed, rougher feed, and rougher tails samples. Hyperspectral feature extractions derived from mill samples were paired with associated mill performance data and used to build predictive Au-Cu recovery, grade, and throughput models using multiple linear regression, partial least squares, and deep learning techniques with R-correlation values to observed data of 0.56 to 0.71. Blast hole hyperspectral data were then applied to recovery, grade, and throughput models to calculate predicted recoveries and throughputs that were spatially kriged with excellent correlations to geologic features. The application of VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral imaging to blast hole cuttings is a powerful predictive and diagnostic geometallurgical tool in operations where silicate mineralogy has a strong impact on process operations.

A Study of MODIS-Based Ecosystem Respiration Model in a Semi-Arid Grassland of Inner Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Jiang ◽  
Haotian Ye ◽  
Yong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Respiration Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

&lt;p&gt;Eddy covariance data from Xilinhaote National Climatological Observatory in Xilin Gol League during growing seasons of 2010&amp;#8212;2013 as well as MODIS data were used to validate an ecosystem respiration model based on enhanced vegetation index (EVI), land surface water index (LSWI) and land surface temperature (LST) in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The limitations of this remote sensing respiration model were also discussed. The results indicate that this model can successfully simulate the variations of nocturnal ecosystem respiration (Reco) in the growing seasons and between different years. The simulated nocturnal Reco also agreed remarkably with the observed Reco (R2=0.90, RMSE=0.02 mgCO2/(m2&amp;#183;s)). Moreover, the observed nocturnal Reco showed a good linear correlation with EVIs&amp;#215;Ws (R2=0.63), in which EVIs and Ws are response functions of EVI and LSWI on photosynthesis, respectively. The response of nocturnal Reco to LST was also found following the L-T equation (R2=0.39). In addition, the difference between responses of nocturnal Reco to EVIs&amp;#215;Ws and LST in the early, middle and late stages of the growing season is indicated as one principal source of the deviations of model results.&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document