scholarly journals Distinct profiles of size-fractionated iron-binding ligands between the eastern and western subarctic Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Kondo ◽  
Rise Bamba ◽  
Hajime Obata ◽  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Shigenobu Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Inorganic Colloid

AbstractIron (Fe) is well known as a limiting factor to control primary productivity especially in high-nutrient and low chlorophyll area such as the subarctic Pacific. The solubility of Fe is believed to be controlled by its complexation with natural organic ligands, while the distribution of organic ligands is poorly understood. Here, we report that dissolved (< 0.2 µm) organic ligands were unevenly distributed between the western and eastern stations in the subarctic Pacific. The concentration of dissolved organic ligands around the lower part of subarctic Pacific intermediate water was higher in the western station, suggesting that Fe complexation with these organic ligands supports a lateral transport within the water mass. However, a more detailed size-fractionated treatment indicated no significant difference in the soluble (< 1000 kDa) ligands’ distribution between the western and eastern stations. These results suggest that organic and inorganic colloid formations are potentially essential for Fe transport mechanisms in the subarctic Pacific.

Growth stimulation and inhibition of natural phytoplankton communities by model organic ligands in the western subarctic Pacific

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Kondo ◽  
Shigenobu Takeda ◽  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Mitsuhide Sato ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

scholarly journals Weakened overturning and tide control the properties of Oyashio Intermediate Water, a key water mass in the North Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigan Mensah ◽  
Kay. I. Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
Oyashio Current ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractThe western subarctic Pacific exhibits major biological productivity fed by the Oyashio Current and its two source waters: Western Subarctic Water, which supplies nutrients from the subarctic Pacific, and cold Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW), which supplies iron from the Sea of Okhotsk. We created seasonal climatologies of water properties to understand how the long-term trend (~ 50 years) and 18.6-year tidal cycle affect the Oyashio Intermediate Water (OYW). We found that over the trend, decreased OSIW outflow due to weakening of North Pacific overturning modifies OYW in winter. Meanwhile, OSIW outflow increases (decreases) in strong (weak) tide years. We predict that the opposite effects of the trend and strong tide will lead to stagnation of OYW properties until the mid-2020s, followed by accelerated warming until the mid-2030s (weak tide). A predicted 1 °C increase in OYW temperature and 50% decrease in OSIW content between 1960 and 2040 potentially have significant impact on biological productivity and carbon drawdown in the North Pacific.

scholarly journals Effects of Surface Protein Adsorption on the Distribution and Retention of Intratumorally Administered Gold Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Rossana Terracciano ◽  
Aobo Zhang ◽  
E. Brian Butler ◽  
Danilo Demarchi ◽  
Jason H. Hafner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intratumoral Distribution

The heterogeneous distribution of delivery or treatment modalities within the tumor mass is a crucial limiting factor for a vast range of theranostic applications. Understanding the interactions between a nanomaterial and the tumor microenvironment will help to overcome challenges associated with tumor heterogeneity, as well as the clinical translation of nanotheranostic materials. This study aims to evaluate the influence of protein surface adsorption on gold nanoparticle (GNP) biodistribution using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) preclinical imaging in C57BL/6 mice harboring Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors. LLC provides a valuable model for study due to its highly heterogenous nature, which makes drug delivery to the tumor challenging. By controlling the adsorption of proteins on the GNP surface, we hypothesize that we can influence the intratumoral distribution pattern and particle retention. We performed an in vitro study to evaluate the uptake of GNPs by LLC cells and an in vivo study to assess and quantify the GNP biodistribution by injecting concentrated GNPs citrate-stabilized or passivated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) intratumorally into LLC solid tumors. Quantitative CT and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results both confirm the presence of particles in the tumor 9 days post-injection (n = 8 mice/group). A significant difference is highlighted between citrate-GNP and BSA-GNP groups (** p < 0.005, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test), confirming that the protein corona of GNPs modifies intratumoral distribution and retention of the particles. In conclusion, our investigations show that the surface passivation of GNPs influences the mechanism of cellular uptake and intratumoral distribution in vivo, highlighting the spatial heterogeneity of the solid tumor.

Mesozooplankton responses to iron-fertilization in the western subarctic Pacific (SEEDS2001)

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Tsuda ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Tsuneo Ono
Keyword(s):  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Iron Fertilization

Laboratory observations on early development of the oncaeid copepod Triconia canadensis from the mesopelagic zone of the western subarctic Pacific

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Nishibe ◽  
Tsutomu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Mesopelagic Zone ◽  
Life Cycle Strategy

Egg development time and hatching success were determined for the oncaeid copepod, Triconia canadensis, from the mesopelagic zone of the western subarctic Pacific. The egg development time was estimated to be 74.7–84.5 days at in situ temperature (3°C), which is much longer than those reported previously on the other oncaeid copepods even if the differences in experimental temperatures are taken into account. The egg hatching success varied between 50 and 100%, with a grand mean of 88%. The newly hatched nauplii of T. canadensis were elongate ellipsoid in shape, and had many large-sized lipid droplets in their body. Possible adaptive significance of apparent longer egg developmment time of T. canadensis is discussed in the light of their life cycle strategy.

scholarly journals Use of coccidiostat in mineral salt and study on ovine eimeriosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Luiz Freire de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Costa da Silva ◽  
Emerson Moreira de Aguiar ◽  
Francisco Glauco de Araújo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sheep Production

Coccidiosis is a serious obstacle to sheep production, which is becoming a limiting factor, especially with regard to lamb production. However, there are few studies on this parasite in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of decoquinate, added to mineral salt, for controlling Eimeria infection in lambs, and to identify which species are infecting sheep in the eastern region of the state. This study was carried out from August 2009 to January 2010, and used 76 animals. These were divided into two treatment groups: one with common mineral salt, and the other with mineral salt enriched with 6% micronized decoquinate. Fecal samples and body weight measurements were taken every 14 days for parasitological diagnosis, weight gain follow-up and quantitative analysis. The study showed that there was a significant difference in OPG only at the 7th collection, but no significant difference in weight gain. The Eimeria species found were E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida and E. parva. It was concluded that addition of decoquinate to mineral salt gave rise to lower oocyst elimination, thus favoring eimeriosis control in sheep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maximum Bite Force in Patients with Complete Dentures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kujtim Shala ◽  
Arlinda Tmava-Dragusha ◽  
Linda Dula ◽  
Teuta Pustina-Krasniqi ◽  
Teuta Bicaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Testing

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate maximum bite forces (mBF) in dominant (DS) and non-dominant sides (NDS) at certain time periods after the insertion of new complete dentures based on prior experience and gender.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 88 patients, complete denture wearers (CDWs), were examined. The maximum bite force at the intercuspal position between the first molars in 3 seconds was registered and recorded with piezoelectric gnathodynamometer. The procedure was repeated 3 times in identical conditions, with relaxation intervals of 1 minute between repeats and the limiting factor was the subjective feeling of pain. Testing of parametric data was performed with One Way Repeated Measurement of ANOVA test.RESULTS: The average mBF values increased during the observational period, both on the DS and NDS, with significant difference in DS, which was greater. The analysis of one-factor variance showed that there were differences of average mBF values in DS and NDS during six consecutive measurements (mBF–DS = 11.3, p = 0.0001, and mBF-NDS = 2.26, p = 0.047). Significant changes in the masticatory force (mBF) on the DS and NDS is explained by different measurement times and with the prior experience with complete dentures, BF–DS = 11.76, p = 0.0000; mBF–NDS = 2.42, p = 0.0351; mBFe–DS = 40.48; P = 0.0000 mBFe–NDS = 39.93, p = 0.0000.CONCLUSION: mBF represents a significant discriminating variable of the level of functional adaptation of new complete denture wearers (nCDWs) about the initial measurements.

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