A transcriptomic view to wounding response in young Scots pine stems

AbstractWe studied the stress response of five-year-old Scots pine xylem to mechanical wounding using RNA sequencing. In general, we observed a bimodal response in pine xylem after wounding. Transcripts associated with water deficit stress, defence, and cell wall modification were induced at the earliest time point of three hours; at the same time, growth-related processes were down-regulated. A second temporal wave was triggered either at the middle and/or at the late time points (one and four days). Secondary metabolism, such as stilbene and lignan biosynthesis started one day after wounding. Scots pine synthesises the stilbenes pinosylvin and its monomethyl ether both as constitutive and induced defence compounds. Stilbene biosynthesis is induced by wounding, pathogens and UV stress, but is also developmentally regulated when heartwood is formed. Comparison of wounding responses to heartwood formation shows that many induced processes (in addition to stilbene biosynthesis) are similar and relate to defence or desiccation stress, but often specific transcripts are up-regulated in the developmental and wounding induced contexts. Pine resin biosynthesis was not induced in response to wounding, at least not during the first four days.

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Echocardiographic Myocardial Strain Analysis Describes Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction after Craniospinal Irradiation in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-121700/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas D Ryan ◽

Hugo R. Martinez ◽

Ralph Salloum ◽

Erin Wright ◽

Lauren Bueche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Myocardial Strain ◽

Strain Analysis ◽

Late Time ◽

Systolic Strain ◽

Peak Systolic Strain ◽

Myocardial Strain Analysis ◽

Late Time Point ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is part of the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and is associated with cardiovascular disease in adults. Global myocardial strain analysis including longitudinal peak systolic strain (GLS), circumferential peak systolic strain (GCS) and radial peak systolic strain (GRS) can reveal subclinical cardiac dysfunction.Methods: Retrospective, single-center study in patients managed with CSI vs. age-matched controls. Clinical data and echocardiography, including myocardial strain analysis, were collected at early (<12 months) and late ( 12 months) after completion of CSI.Results: Echocardiograms were available in 20 early and 34 late patients. Patients at the late time point were older (21.7±10.4 vs. 13.3 9.6 years), and further out from CSI (13.1±8.8 vs. 0.2±0.3 years). Standard echocardiographic parameters were normal for all subjects. For the early time, CSI vs. control: GLS was -16.8 3.6% vs. -21.3 4.0% (p=0.0002), GCS was -22.5 5.2% vs. -21.3 3.4% (p=0.28), and GRS was 21.8 11.0% vs. 26.9 7.7% (p=0.07). At the late time point, CSI vs. control: GLS was -16.2 5.4% vs. -21.6 3.7% (p<0.0001), GCS was -20.9 6.8% vs. -21.9 3.5% (p=0.42), and GRS was 22.5 10.0% vs. 27.3 8.3% (p=0.03). Radiation type (proton vs. photon), and radiation dose (<30 Gy vs. 30 Gy) did not impact any parameter.Conclusions: Subclinical cardiac systolic dysfunction by GLS is present both early and late after CSI. These results argue for inclusion of baseline cardiovascular assessment and early initiation of longitudinal follow-up post CSI.

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Transcriptional Profiling of Early and Late Phases of Bovine Tuberculosis.

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00313-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hazem F. M. Abdelaal ◽

Tyler C. Thacker ◽

Bishoy Wadie ◽

Mitchell V. Palmer ◽

Adel M. Talaat

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Chemokine Receptors ◽

Host Response ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Transcriptional Profiling ◽

Early Time ◽

Late Time ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Time Point

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis ( M. bovis ), is an important enzootic disease affecting mainly cattle, worldwide. Despite the implementation of national campaigns to eliminate the disease, bovine tuberculosis remains recalcitrant to eradication in several countries. Characterizing the host response to M. bovis infection is crucial for understanding the immunopathogenesis of the disease and for developing better control strategies. To profile the host responses to M. bovis infection, we analyzed the transcriptome of whole blood cells collected from experimentally infected calves with a virulent strain of M. bovis using RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). Comparative analysis of calf transcriptomes at early (8 weeks) vs. late (20 weeks) aerosol infection with M. bovis revealed divergent and unique profile for each stage of infection. Notably, at the early time point, transcriptional upregulation was observed among several of the top-ranking canonical pathways involved in T-cell chemotaxis. At the late time point, enrichment in the cell mediated cytotoxicity (e.g. Granzyme B) was the predominant host response. These results showed significant change in bovine transcriptional profiles and identified networks of chemokine receptors and monocyte chemoattractant protein (CCL) co-regulated genes that underline the host-mycobacterial interactions during progression of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Further analysis of the transcriptomic profiles identified potential biomarker targets for early and late phases of tuberculosis in cattle. Overall, the identified profiles better characterized identified novel immunomodulatory mechanisms and provided a list of targets for further development of potential diagnostics for tuberculosis in cattle.

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Cranioplasty Reverses Dysfunction of the Solutes Distribution in the Brain Parenchyma After Decompressive Craniectomy

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyaa028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 1064-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alin Borha ◽

Audrey Chagnot ◽

Romain Goulay ◽

Evelyne Emery ◽

Denis Vivien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decompressive Craniectomy ◽

Early Time ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Late Time ◽

Perivascular Spaces ◽

Early Time Point ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Homeostasis ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background Solutes distribution by the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluxes along perivascular spaces and through interstitial fluid (ISF) play a key role in the clearance of brain metabolites, with essential functions in maintaining brain homeostasis. Objective To investigate the impact of decompressive craniectomy (DC) and cranioplasty (CP) on the efficacy of solutes distribution by the intracranial CSF and ISF flux. Methods Mice were allocated in 3 groups: sham surgery, DC, and DC followed by CP. The solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma was assessed using T1 magnetic resonance imaging after injection of DOTA-Gadolinium in the cisterna magna. This evaluation was performed at an early time point following DC (after 2 d) and at a later time point (after 15 d). We evaluated the solutes distribution in the whole brain and in the region underneath the DC area. Results Our results demonstrate that the global solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma is impaired after DC in mice, both at early and late time-points. However, there was no impact of DC on the solutes distribution just under the craniectomy. We then provide evidence that this impairment was reversed by CP. Conclusion The solute distribution in the brain parenchyma by the CSF and ISF is impaired by DC, a phenomenon reversed by CP.

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Gene Induction of Stilbene Biosynthesis in Scots Pine in Response to Ozone Treatment, Wounding, and Fungal Infection

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.124.2.865 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 865-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Hélène Chiron ◽

Alain Drouet ◽

François Lieutier ◽

Hans-Dieter Payer ◽

Dieter Ernst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Gene Induction ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Stilbene Biosynthesis

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Kinetics of Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Mouse Models of Sponge Implants: Rational Selection to Optimize Protocols for Specific Biomolecules Screening Purposes

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2020.538203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Ferreira Lanna ◽

Lucilene Aparecida Resende ◽

Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares ◽

Marina Barcelos de Miranda ◽

Ludmila Zanandreis de Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Late Time ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Rational Selection ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Functional Features ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Selection Of ◽

Time Point

The sponge implant has been applied as an important in vivo model for the study of inflammatory processes as it induces the migration, proliferation, and accumulation of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition in its trabeculae. The characterization of immune events in sponge implants would be useful in identifying the immunological events that could support the selection of an appropriate experimental model (mouse strain) and time post-implant analysis in optimized protocols for novel applications of this model such as in biomolecules screening. Here, the changes in histological/morphometric, immunophenotypic and functional features of infiltrating leukocytes (LEU) were assessed in sponge implants for Swiss, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. A gradual increase of fibrovascular stroma and a progressive decrease in LEU infiltration, mainly composed of polymorphonuclear cells with progressive shift toward mononuclear cells at late time-points were observed over time. Usually, Swiss mice presented a more prominent immune response with late mixed pattern (pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory: IL-2/IFN-γ/IL-4/IL-10/IL-17) of cytokine production. While BALB/c mice showed an early activation of the innate response with a controlled cytokine profile (low inflammatory potential), C57BL/6 mice presented a typical early pro-inflammatory (IL-6/TNF/IFN-γ) response with persistent neutrophilic involvement. A rational selection of the ideal time-point/mouse-lineage would avoid bias or tendentious results. Criteria such as low number of increased biomarkers, no recruitment of cytotoxic response, minor cytokine production, and lower biomarker connectivity (described as biomarker signature analysis and network analysis) guided the choice of the best time-point for each model (Day5/Swiss; Day7/BALB/c; Day6/C57BL/6) with wide application for screening purposes, such as identification of therapeutic biomolecules, selection of antigens/adjuvants, and follow-up of innate and adaptive immune response to vaccines candidates.

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Effects of pruning on heartwood formation in Scots pine trees

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4595-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

B. Bergström ◽

R. Gref ◽

A. Ericsson

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Heartwood Formation ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Proportional Increase

The object of this study was to investigate the effect of pruning on heartwood formation in mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. Fifty trees were treated by three different intensive pruning regimes: 42, 60 and 70 percentage of defoliation. After five growing seasons numbers of growth rings were counted and the width and the area of sapwood and heartwood were calculated. The results did not show any proportional increase or decrease in the heartwood area or in the number of growth rings in heartwood associated with the pruning. A statistically significant negative effect of pruning was found on the width of the five most recently formed sapwood growth rings. This decreased growth rate did not influence the ratio of sapwood and heartwood. However, it cannot be excluded that the proportion of heartwood may increase during a longer period. It is concluded that pruning is not a practicable silvicultural method for regulating heartwood formation in mature Scots pine trees.

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Equivalent tumor detection for early and late FAPI-46 PET acquisition

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1007/s00259-021-05266-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Ferdinandus ◽

L. Kessler ◽

N. Hirmas ◽

M. Trajkovic-Arsic ◽

R. Hamacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Time ◽

Tumor Detection ◽

University Hospital ◽

Late Time ◽

Early Time Point ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Organ Uptake ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Late Time Point ◽

Time Point

Abstract Introduction Positron emission tomography (PET) using small ligands of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was recently introduced. However, optimal uptake time has not been defined yet. Here, we systematically compare early (~ 10 min p.i.) and late (~ 60 min p.i.) FAPI-46 imaging in patients with various types of cancer. Methods This is a retrospective single-institutional study. Imaging was performed at the Essen University Hospital, Germany. A total of 69 patients who underwent dual time-point imaging for either restaging (n = 52, 75%) or staging (n = 17, 25%) of cancer were included. Patients underwent PET with two acquisitions: early (mean 11 min, SD 4) and late (mean 66 min, SD 9). Mean injected activity was 148 MBq (SD 33). Results In total, 400 lesions were detected in 69 patients. Two of 400 (0.5%) lesions were only seen in early time-point imaging but not in late time-point imaging. On a per-patient level, there was no significant difference between SUVmax of hottest tumor lesions (Wilcoxon: P = 0.73). Organ uptake demonstrated significant early to late decrease in SUVmean (average ∆SUVmean: − 0.48, − 0.14, − 0.27 for gluteus, liver, and mediastinum, respectively; Wilcoxon: P < 0.001). On a per-lesion basis, a slight increase of SUVmax was observed (average ∆SUVmax: + 0.4, Wilcoxon: P = 0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, early (~ 10 min p.i.) versus late (~ 60 min p.i.) FAPI-46 imaging resulted in equivalent lesion uptake and tumor detection. For improved feasibility and scan volume, we implement early FAPI-46 PET in future clinical and research protocols.

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Genetic parameters in diallel-crossed Scots pine favor heartwood formation breeding objectives

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x98-061 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 937-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anders Fries ◽

Tore Ericsson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Correlation ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Tree Height ◽

Heartwood Formation ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

Branch Diameter ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Crown Length

After 25 years, full-sibs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a north Swedish progeny test showed an estimated heritability of 0.30 for heartwood diameter at 80 cm above ground. This was equal to the heritability estimate for tree height, although accompanied by a much larger additive genetic coefficient of variation (0.20 compared with 0.06). The heritability estimate for diameter at breast height was about half that for tree height. Strong and positive phenotypic and environmental correlations were assessed between heartwood and the following traits: diameter at breast height, tree height, and branch diameter. The genetic correlation was low and positive at 0.02 between heartwood and diameter at breast height in contrast with 0.27 between heartwood and tree height. The assessed genetic correlations between heartwood and branch diameter and between heartwood and crown length were very weak compared with the phenotypic and, particularly, environmental correlations. This indicates that the association between crown length and heartwood is significant with regard to environmental factors, no matter to what extent they are independently modified by genes. However, crown limit was the trait that showed the strongest genetic correlation with heartwood (0.49). Since no correlations with production traits were unfavorable, we conclude that including heartwood formation capacity in a breeding programmay be done without drawbacks and with good prospects for success.

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Stilbene impregnation retards brown-rot decay of Scots pine sapwood

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2014-0251 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jinrong Lu ◽

Martti Venäläinen ◽

Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽

Anni M. Harju

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Monomethyl Ether ◽

Wood Preservation ◽

High Concentration ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Decay Test ◽

Antifungal Efficiency ◽

Brown Rot Decay

Abstract Stilbenes are abundant in the heartwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and are known to have strong antifungal efficiency. In this study, Scots pine sapwood blocks were impregnated with crude heartwood extract containing the stilbenes pinosylvin (PS) and the pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM). Impregnated blocks were submitted to brown-rot fungi, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Rhodonia (Poria) placenta, and fungal growth test and decay test were performed. Both tests showed that the impregnation with a high concentration of stilbenes (60 mg g-1 dry wood) significantly suppressed the growth of fungi and slowed down the decay process of wood blocks, especially in case of G. trabeum. However, chemical analysis showed that PS and PSM were degraded by all the three types of fungi, obviously via modification to resveratrol and methylresveratrol. Rhodonia placenta displayed the fastest rate of degradation. Thus, impregnation with biodegradable stilbenes could be a viable alternative for wood preservation only in service situations with low or transient risk of decay.

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Mathematical Simulation of Transport Kinetics of Tumor-Imaging Radiopharmaceutical99mTc-MIBI

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/2414878 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. N. Shevtsova ◽

V. K. Shevtsova

Keyword(s):

Tumor Imaging ◽

Radioactive Decay ◽

Early Time ◽

Washout Rate ◽

Late Time ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Time Point

The proposed model describes in a quality way the process of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticalTc99m-MIBI distribution with taking into account radiopharmaceutical accumulation, elimination, and radioactive decay. The dependencies of concentration versus the time are analyzed. The model can be easily tested by the concentration data of the radioactive pharmaceuticals in the blood measured at early time point and late time point of the scanning, and the obtained data can be used for determination of the washout rate coefficient which is one of the existing oncology diagnostics methods.

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