scholarly journals Compact lightweight imager of both gamma rays and neutrons based on a pixelated stilbene scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier array

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Boo ◽  
Mark D. Hammig ◽  
Manhee Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Imaging Plane

AbstractDual particle imaging, in which both neutrons and gamma-rays in the environment can be individually characterized, is particularly attractive for monitoring mixed radiation emitters such as special nuclear materials (SNM). Effective SNM localization and detection benefits from high instrument sensitivity so that real-time imaging or imaging with a limited number of acquired events is enabled. For portable applications, one also desires a dual particle imager (DPI) that is readily deployable. We have developed a hand-held type DPI equipped with a pixelated stilbene-silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array module and low sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) processed via a multiplexed readout. The stilbene-SiPM array (12 × 12 pixels) is capable of effectively performing pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between gamma-ray and neutron events and neutron/gamma-ray source localization on the imaging plane, as demonstrated with 252Cf neutron/gamma and 137Cs gamma-ray sources. The low sampling rate ADCs connected to the stilbene-SiPM array module result in a compact instrument with high sensitivity that provides a gamma-ray image of a 137Cs source, producing 6.4 μR/h at 1 m, in less than 69 s. A neutron image for a 3.5 × 105 n/s 252Cf source can also be obtained in less than 6 min at 1 m from the center of the system. The instrument images successfully with field of view of 50° and provides angular resolution of 6.8°.

scholarly journals Hand-held Dual-particle Imager Implemented with a Multiplexed Low Sampling-rate Readout of a SiPM-based Pixelated Stilbene Array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Boo ◽  
Mark Hammig ◽  
Manhee Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
252Cf Source ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Imaging Plane

Abstract Dual particle imaging, in which both neutrons and gamma-rays in the environment can be individually characterized, is particularly attractive for monitoring mixed radiation emitters such as special nuclear materials (SNM). Typical dual particle imagers (DPIs) are not readily deployable and easily portable for hand-held applications because they are implemented using bulky single-crystal scintillators and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) implemented with a 1:1 channel readout. Effective SNM localization and detection also benefits from high instrument sensitivity so that real-time imaging or imaging with a limited number of acquired events is enabled. We have developed a hand-held type DPI equipped with a pixelated stilbene-silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array module and low sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) processed via a multiplexed readout. The stilbene-SiPM array (12 × 12 pixels) is capable of effectively performing pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between gamma-ray and neutron events and neutron/gamma-ray source localization on the imaging plane, as demonstrated with 252Cf neutron/gamma and 137Cs gamma-ray sources. The low sampling rate ADCs connected to the stilbene-SiPM array module result in a compact instrument with high sensitivity that provides a gamma-ray image of a 137Cs source, producing 6.4 μR/h at 1 m, in less than 69 seconds. A neutron image for a 3.5 × 105 n/s 252Cf source can also be obtained in less than 6 minutes at 1 m from the center of the system. The instrument images successfully with field of view of 50° and provides angular resolution of 6.8°.

Solar Flare Energetic Neutral Emission Measurements in the Project Coronas-I

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
J. Baláž ◽  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
M. A. Kovalevskaya ◽  
K. Kudela ◽  
S. N. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Solar Neutron ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractThe experiment SONG (SOlar Neutron and Gamma rays) for the low altitude satellite CORONAS-I is described. The instrument is capable to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection in the energy range 0.1 – 100 MeV as well as detection of neutrons with energies above 30 MeV. As a by-product, the electrons in the range 11 – 108 MeV will be measured too. The pulse shape discrimination technique (PSD) is used.

scholarly journals Gamma—Ray Counters to Monitor Radioactive Waste Packages in the MICADO Project

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Luigi Cosentino ◽  
Martina Giuffrida ◽  
Sergio Lo Meo ◽  
Fabio Longhitano ◽  
Alfio Pappalardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Scintillating Fiber ◽  
Waste Drums

One of the goals of the MICADO Euratom project is to monitor the gamma-rays emitted by radioactive waste drums in storage sites on a medium to long term basis. For this purpose, 36 low-cost gamma-ray counters were designed and built to act as a demonstrator. These counters, named SciFi, are based on a scintillating fiber readout at each end by a silicon photomultiplier, assembled in a robust arrangement in the form of 80 cm long pipes. Several counters will be placed around radwaste packages in order to monitor the gamma dose-rate by collecting a continuous data stream. The 36 sensors were thoroughly tested with a 22Na and a 137Cs gamma-ray sources, and with an AmBe neutron and gamma-ray source, the results are quite satisfactory, and the next step will be the test in a real environment.

scholarly journals Prompt Fission Gamma-Ray Measurements at UML Research Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Razvan Stanescu ◽  
Hadrick Green ◽  
Toby Morris ◽  
Gencho Rusev ◽  
Marian Jandel
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Fission Neutron ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Fission Reaction ◽  
Induced Fission ◽  
Enriched Uranium ◽  
Prompt Fission

Neutron-induced fission of 235U was studied at the thermal column of the UMass Lowell 1 MW Research Reactor. A collimated, 2.25-inch diameter beam of thermal neutrons with the flux of ~5x105 n/cm2/sec induced fission reaction on a plate of low-enriched uranium with the areal density ~25 mg/cm2 of 235U. We have used the prompt fission-neutron tagging method to identify the fission reaction in the off-line analysis. The method employs the pulse-shape discrimination of neutrons and gamma-ray events in stilbene scintillator and enables identification of coincidence events of prompt fission gamma-rays and prompt fission neutrons in coincidence time intervals less than 20-30 ns. The prompt gamma-ray radiation was detected using two co-linear NaI(Tl) detectors. The measured spectra of prompt-fission gamma rays between 150 keV and 6 MeV are presented. The results from these initial measurements demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental method. Future measurements with extended arrays of detectors are planned.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF PULSE SHAPE NEUTRON-GAMMA DISCRIMINATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
R.V. Avetisyan ◽  
R.H. Avagyan ◽  
A.E. Avetisyan ◽  
A.V. Gyurjinyan ◽  
A.G. Barseghyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Neutron Beam ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Physics Institute ◽  
Neutron Beams ◽  
Yerevan Physics Institute

The role of neutron beam investigation is significant not only for fundamental science but also for various fields of applied science. This work is dedicated to the formation of neutron beams using the external 18-MeV proton beam of IBA cyclotron C18/18 with a beam current of up to 100 µA. The facility is located at the A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute). The possibility to obtain thermal or epithermal neutron beams using the external proton beam of the cyclotron is studied using Geant4 simulations. In this case, a quasimonoenergetic neutron source 9Be (p, n)9B reaction is chosen. As a result of the simulations, the optimal thickness of the 9Be beryllium isotope target is determined. The induced neutron beam is accompanied by a gamma ray background. To decrease the number of accompanying gamma rays, the lead absorber is considered. As a method of separating neutrons from gamma rays, the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique is developed. This study shows the possibility of neutron-gamma PSD and its applicability using the EJ-299-33A plastic scintillator.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of CLYC-Based Rotational Modulation Collimator (RMC) System for Gamma-Ray/Neutron Dual-Particle Imager

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Hyun Suk Kim ◽  
Jooyub Lee ◽  
Sanghun Choi ◽  
Young-bong Bang ◽  
Sung-Joon Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Imaging Capability ◽  
Rotational Modulation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Modulation Collimator ◽  
Particle Imaging

Background: This work aims to develop a new imaging system based on a pulse shape discrimination-capable Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) scintillation detector combined with the rotational modulation collimator (RMC) technique for dual-particle imaging.Materials and Methods: In this study, a CLYC-based RMC system was designed based on Monte Carlo simulations, and a prototype was fabricated. Therein, a rotation control system was developed to rotate the RMC unit precisely, and a graphical user interface-based software was also developed to operate the data acquisition with RMC rotation. The RMC system was developed to allow combining various types of collimator masks and detectors interchangeably, making the imaging system more versatile for various applications and conditions.Results and Discussion: Operational performance of the fabricated system was studied by checking the accuracy and precision of the collimator rotation and obtaining modulation patterns from a gamma-ray source repeatedly.Conclusion: The prototype RMC system showed reliability in its mechanical properties and reproducibility in the acquisition of modulation patterns, and it will be further investigated for its dual-particle imaging capability with various complex radioactive source conditions.

scholarly journals RESEARCH PROCESSES OF GAMMA RADIATION DETECTOR FOR DEVELOPING A PORTABLE DIGITAL SPECTROMETER

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Banzak ◽  
O.V. Sieliykov ◽  
M.V. Olenev ◽  
S.V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
O.I. Konovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Wide Range

When considering methods of combating the illicit circulation of nuclear materials, it is necessary to detect trace amounts of materials, and in many cases not to seize them immediately, but to establish the place of storage, processing, routes of movement, etc. As a result, there is a new demand for isotope identification measurements to meet a wide range of different requirements. Measurements should be carried out in the field in a short time, when results need to be obtained within tens of seconds. The devices with which the personnel work should be small and low-background. Such requirements appear when working to identify cases of illegal trade in nuclear materials and radioactive sources, as well as when solving radiation protection problems and when handling radioactive devices and waste. In this work, new generation radiation sensors and measuring systems based on them have been created, which open up previously unknown possibilities in solving problems of nuclear fuel analysis, increasing the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring technological parameters and the state of protective barriers in nuclear power plants, and creating means for IAEA inspections. For the first time a portable digital gamma-ray spectrometer for radiation reconnaissance in the field was developed and created. Distinctive features of such devices are: The analysis showed that the required value of error due to energy dependence of the sensitivity can be achieved using, for example, Analog Devices 10-bit AD9411 ADCs with a sampling rate of 170 MHz. The number of quantization levels is determined by the requirement to measure the dose rate of gamma radiation with an energy of at least 10 keV. This minimum energy corresponds to the use of 10-bit ADCs. On the basis of the developed model, an ionizing radiation detector for dosimetry was created. Its fundamental difference from known devices is the use of CdZnTe crystals as a primary gamma-ray converter (sensor). The advantages of such a solution, proved by previous studies, made it possible to create a detector with: high resolution, no more than 40 keV; a wider dynamic range of values of the recorded radiation dose rate - from background to emergency operating modes of the reactor; lower value of the energy equivalent of noise.

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in the Energy Range 0.5–5 MeV

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Albernhe ◽  
C. Doulade ◽  
I. M. Martin ◽  
R. Talon ◽  
G. Vedrenne
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Plastic Scintillator ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Equatorial Latitude ◽  
Compton Electron

A stilbene scintillator detector allowing gamma-ray spectrometry in the range 0.5–5 MeV is presented. A complete elimination of charged particles is obtained by a plastic scintillator anticoïncidence jacket. Separation of gamma rays from neutrons is made by pulse shape discrimination technique with over 99% efficiency. This detector which has a 4 π field of view has been made as light as possible to avoid perturbation due to secondary production in the apparatus. The correction of the edge effects and the method of conversion from experimental Compton electron spectrum to gamma-ray spectrum are explained.Results from balloon launchings at three latitudes (Kourou Guyana: 10 N, Aire sur l'Adour: 46°N and Oboziersky U.S.S.R.: 62 °N) are briefly presented. The detection possibility with balloons of galactic gamma rays at equatorial latitude is shown. The atmospheric part of the flux at the equator is deduced from the measurements at higher latitudes, (46 °N and 62 °N) where the galactic component is of negligible importance. Assuming a power law spectrum and after correction of the atmospheric absorption we obtain for the galactic spectrum the expression dN/dE = 1.1 × 10−5E−1, 2 photons/cm2 s sr keV. This spectrum agrees with the results of ERS 18 satellite given by Vette et al. showing an excess of flux for energies higher than 1 MeV.

scholarly journals Sorting fission from parasitic coincidences of neutrons and gamma rays in plastic scintillators using particle times of flight

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 07014
Author(s):  
V. Bottau ◽  
C. Carasco ◽  
B. Perot ◽  
C. Eleon ◽  
R. De Stefano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Spontaneous Fission ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Pulse Detection ◽  
Plastic Scintillators ◽  
Neutron Detection Efficiency

This work addresses the use of plastic scintillators as an alternative to 3He detectors for radioactive waste drum characterization. The time response of scintillators is three orders of magnitude faster than that of gas proportional counters and they offer similar neutron detection efficiency at lower cost. However, they are sensitive to gamma rays and the commonly used Pulse Shape Discrimination technique is not possible with basic PVT scintillators. This paper reports on an innovative data processing technique allowing to extract spontaneous fission events from parasitic coincidences, such as those from the (α,n) reactions accompanied by correlated gamma rays or from pure gamma-ray sources emitting correlated radiations. The proposed approach makes advantage of differences in the pulse detection times recorded in measurements with the 252Cf, AmBe and 60Co sources. More precisely, a 2D histogram of time delays between the detected 2nd and 1st pulses, on the x-axis, and between the 3rd and 2nd pulses, on the y-axis, is found to allow for selection of a region of interest most relevant to spontaneous fission events.

scholarly journals Geant4 simulation of the Tunka-Grande experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
R Monkhoev ◽  
M Ternovoy ◽  
I Astapov ◽  
P Bezyazeekov ◽  
A Borodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simulation Strategy ◽  
Experimental Complex ◽  
Array Imaging

Abstract The Tunka-Grande array is part of a single experimental complex, which also includes the Tunka-133 and TAIGA-HiScORE (High Sensitivity COsmic Rays and gamma Explorer) wide-angle Cherenkov arrays, TAIGA-IACT array (Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope) and TAGA-MUON scintillation array. This complex is located in the Tunka Valley (Buryatia Republic, Russia), 50 km from Lake Baikal. It is designed to study the energy spectrum and the mass composition of charged cosmic rays in the energy range 100 TeV - 1000 PeV, to search for diffuse gamma rays above 100 TeV and to study local sources of gamma rays with energies above 30 TeV. This report outlines 3 key points. The first is the description of the Tunka-Grande scintillation array. The second one presents the computer simulation strategy of the Tunka Grande array based on the Geant4 software. The third one is devoted to the prospects for future research in the field of cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy using simulation results.

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