scholarly journals Combining P and Zn fertilization to enhance yield and grain quality in maize grown on Mediterranean soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Hasna Nechate-Drif ◽  
María Ángeles Castillejo ◽  
Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Mediterranean Soils ◽  
Zn Availability

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of individual and joint fertilization with P and Zn on maize plants grown on typical Mediterranean soils with a limited Zn availability. For this purpose, we examined the effects of P and Zn fertilization individually and in combination on growth, yield and grain protein content in maize grown in pots filled with three different Mediterranean soils (LCV, FER and INM). Phosphorus and Zn translocation to grain was impaired, and aboveground dry matter and yield at harvest reduced by 8–85% (LCV and FER), in plants treated with Zn or P alone relative to unfertilized (control) plants. In contrast, joint fertilization with P and Zn enhanced translocation of these nutrients to grain and significantly increased aboveground dry matter (30% in LCV, 50% in FER and 250% in INM) and grain Zn availability in comparison with control plants. Also, joint application of both nutrients significantly increased grain P (LCV) and Zn (LCV and FER) use efficiency relative P and Zn, respectively, alone. Yield was increased between 31% in LCV and 121% in FER relative to control plants, albeit not significantly. Fertilization with P or Zn significantly influenced the abundance of specific proteins affecting grain quality (viz., storage, lys-rich and cell wall proteins), which were more abundant in mature grains from plants fertilized with Zn alone and, to a lesser extent, P + Zn. Sustainable strategies in agriculture should consider P–Zn interactions in maize grown on soils with a limited availability of Zn, where Zn fertilization is crucial to ensure grain quality.

scholarly journals ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Paulo Afonso Ferreira ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Delfran Batista dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO MILHO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA  Giovanni de Oliveira Garcia1; Paulo Afonso Ferreira2; Glauco Vieira Miranda3; Flávio Gonçalves de Oliveira4; Delfran Batista dos Santos51Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.4 Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG.5 Escola Agrotécnica Federal do Senhor do Bonfin, Senhor do Bonfin, BA.  1 RESUMO Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da solução do solo sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento, características fisiológicas e de produtividade em plantas de milho, foi conduzido um experimento em lisímetros de drenagem dentro de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos constituídos de um irrigado com água doce (sem lixiviação) e seis irrigados com água salina de 1,2 dS m-1 e frações de lixiviação de 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 e 5% da lâmina de irrigação aplicada e três repetições. Na variedade avaliada o aumento da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina reduziu expressivamente a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, as taxas de assimilação líquida, crescimento absoluto e relativo, da área foliar total e útil, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, eficiência do uso de água na produtividade, peso de grãos por lisímetro e peso médio da espiga sem palha seguido do aumento da razão de área foliar. UNITERMOS: estresse salino, manejo de água, irrigação.  GARCIA, G.O. de; FERREIRA, P.A.; MIRANDA, G.V.; OLIVEIRA, F.G.de; SANTOS, D.B.dos. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MAIZE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER  2 ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the salinity effects in soil solution on the growth, development, physiological characteristics, and productivity of maize plants. The experiment was had an entirely randomized design with seven treatments consisting of one irrigated with fresh water (without leaching) and six ones irrigated with saline water of 1.2 dS m-1 and leaching fractions of 40, 30, 20, 15, 10 and 5% of the applied irrigation depth and three replications. In the variety under evaluation, the increased soil salinity due to irrigation with saline water,  significantly reduced the dry matter yield of either the aerial part and roots, as well as the rates concerning to: net assimilation, both absolute and relative growths, both total and effective leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatic conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency on productivity, kernel weight by lysimeter, and average weight of the huskless ear, following the increase in the leaf area ratio. KEYWORDS: Salt stress, water management, irrigation

Growth, Yield, Quality and Energetics of Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) as Influenced by Weed Management and Sulphur Fertilization under Semi Arid Condition of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. S. Yadav ◽  
Ummed Singh ◽  
H. P. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiments were conducted during rabi (October to march) 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Agronomy farm, Jobner, Rajasthan, India to evaluate effect of weed management practices and sulphur fertilization on growth, yield and qualityof mustard (Brassica juncea (L.). The experimental field was laid out in a split plot design with seven treatments of weed management with four sulphur levels and three replications.Among weed control treatment crop dry matter at harvest stage (312.6 g-1 row length), maximum value of CGR and RGR during all the stages of crop growth, maximum seed yield (2493 kg ha-1), output energy (151500 MJ ha-1), output input energy ratio (13.65), Energy use efficiency (0.225) and energy balance (140430 MJ ha-1) was obtained with 2 HW at 25 and 45 DAS. Among the herbicidal treatment pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 was next better treatment which was at par with one HW at 25 DAS. Among sulphur levels crop dry matter at harvest (222.3 g m-1 row length), maximum value of CGR and RGR during all the stages of crop growth, seed yield (2167 kg ha-1), oil yield (885 kg ha-1), oil yield (885 kg ha-1), output energy (135918 MJ ha-1), output input energy ratio (12.26), energy use efficiency (0.195 kg MJ-1) and energy balance (124856 MJ ha-1) were obtained with 60 kg S ha-1 which was at par with 40 kg S ha-1.

Adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to Mediterranean-type environments: effect of time of sowing on growth, yield, and water use

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
D. L. Pritchard ◽  
K. L. Regan ◽  
D. Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Seed Yields

This study examined the adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. Digger) to dryland Mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia and determined the effect of time of sowing on growth, yield, and water use. Phenology, canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter production and partitioning, seed yield, and water use were measured from a range of sowing times at a number of field locations in south-western Australia in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Contrary to previous results with poorly adapted cultivars, our study showed that lentil is well adapted to low to medium rainfall regions (300-500 mm/year) of south-western Australia and that seed yields greater than 1·0 t/ha and up to 2·5 t/ha can be achieved when sown early. Even in the dry season of 1994 when May-October rainfall was <200 mm, yields of approximately 1·0 t/ha were produced from early sowings. Seed yields were reduced with delayed sowing at rates of 4-29 kg/ha · day. Sowing in late April or early May allowed a longer period for vegetative and reproductive growth, rapid canopy development, greater absorption of photosynthetically active radiation, more water use, and, hence, greater dry matter production, seed yield, and water use efficiency than when sowing was delayed. Early-sown lentils began flowering and filling seeds earlier in the growing season, at a time when vapour pressure deficits and air temperatures were lower, and used more water in the post-flowering period when compared to those treatments where sowing was delayed. The values of water use efficiency for dry matter and grain production, and transpiration efficiency, for early-sown lentil (up to 30 kg/ha · mm, 11 kg/ha · mm, and 20 kg/ha · mm, respectively) were comparable to those reported for cereal and other grain legume crops in similar environments. The development of earlier flowering cultivars than Digger with greater dry matter production together with improved agronomic packages will increase and stabilise lentil yields in low rainfall environments of southern Australia.

Effect of nitrogen on the growth, yield and grain protein content of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Birch ◽  
KE Long
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
N Rates

Barley (Hordeurn vulgare) cvv. Grimmett, Galleon and Corvette were grown under irrigated conditions at The University of Queensland, Gatton College. to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) rates (0-200 kg N/ha) on plant growth, yield and grain protein content. Nitrogen delayed maturity in all cultivars, especially in Galleon. Total tiller number and fertile tiller number were increased by N and there was a significant cultivar x N rate interaction. Similar trends were evident in total dry matter at maturity and grain yield, with Galleon producing the highest yields. Fertile tiller percentage was reduced by increasing N rate. Grain protein content increased with the increasing N rate, with differences in the nature of the response between cultivars (i.e. linear in Corvette, quadratic in the other 2 cultivars). Total and fertile tiller numbers were explained by quadratic regressions, with maximum values at 150 kg N/ha (except fertile tillers in Grimmett, maximum value at 100 kg N/ha). The declines in fertile tiller percentage were explained by quadratic equations except in Grimmett, which showed a negatively linear response to increasing N rate. Dry matter yield and grain yield showed quadratic responses to N in Grimmett and Galleon (predicted maximum values near 200 kg N/ha) and linear responses in Corvette, over the experimental range of N rates. The response in grain protein content was explained by quadratic equations for Grimmett and Galleon, with minimum grain protein content occurring at close to 0 and 55 kg N/ha respectively. Corvette showed a linear increase in protein content in response to increasing N rate. It is concluded that plant breeding programs should consider variation in grain yield and protein content in response to N supply and select for efficiency of utilisation of N. Recommended N rates for irrigated barley could be 150-200 kg N/ha. Lower rates will promote strong yield responses, but protein content would remain low.

scholarly journals Zinc Uptake by Plants as Affected by Fertilization with Zn Sulfate, Phosphorus Availability, and Soil Properties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Ramiro Recena ◽  
Ana M. García-López ◽  
Antonio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crystalline Oxides ◽  
Zn Availability

Zinc (Zn) deficiency constrains crop yield and quality, but soil factors influencing Zn availability to plants and reactions of applied Zn fertilizer are not fully understood. This work is aimed at studying Zn availability in soil and the use efficiency of Zn fertilizers by plants as affected by soil properties and particularly by soil available P. We performed a pot experiment involving four consecutive crops fertilized with Zn sulfate using 36 soils. The cumulative Zn uptake and dry matter yield in the four crops increased with increased initial diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extraction of Zn (DTPA-Zn) (R2 = 0.75 and R2 = 0.61; p < 0.001). The initial DTPA-Zn increased with increased Olsen P (R2 = 0.41; p < 0.001) and with increased ratio of Fe in poorly crystalline to Fe in crystalline oxides (R2 = 0.58; p < 0.001). DTPA-Zn decreased with increased cumulative Zn uptake, but not in soils with DTPA-Zn < 0.5 mg kg−1. Overall, the available Zn is more relevant in explaining Zn uptake by plants than applied Zn sulfate. However, in Zn-deficient soils, Zn fertilizer explained most of the Zn uptake by crops. Poorly crystalline Fe oxides and P availability exerted a positive role on Zn availability to plants in soil.

scholarly journals Common Bean Yield and Zinc Use Efficiency in Association with Diazotrophic Bacteria Co-Inoculations

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Arshad Jalal ◽  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
André Rodrigues dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Zn

Enrichment of staple food with zinc (Zn) along with solubilizing bacteria is a sustainable and practical approach to overcome Zn malnutrition in human beings by improving plant nutrition, nutrient use efficiency, and productivity. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of a staple food of global population and has a prospective role in agronomic Zn biofortification. In this context, we evaluated the effect of diazotrophic bacterial co-inoculations (No inoculation, Rhizobium tropici, R. tropici + Azospirillum brasilense, R. tropici + Bacillus subtilis, R. tropici + Pseudomonas fluorescens, R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis, and R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens) in association with soil Zn application (without and with 8 kg Zn ha−1) on Zn nutrition, growth, yield, and Zn use efficiencies in common bean in the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons. Soil Zn application in combination with R. tropici + B. subtilis improved Zn accumulation in shoot and grains with greater shoot dry matter, grain yield, and estimated Zn intake. Zinc use efficiency, recovery, and utilization were also increased with co-inoculation of R. tropici + B. subtilis, whereas agro-physiological efficiency was increased with triple co-inoculation of R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens. Therefore, co-inoculation of R. tropici + B. subtilis in association with Zn application is recommended for biofortification and higher Zn use efficiencies in common bean in the tropical savannah of Brazil.

scholarly journals Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Coated Fertilizers

AbstractHigher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.

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