scholarly journals Modeling biomass allocation strategy of young planted Zelkova serrata trees in Taiwan with component ratio method and seemingly unrelated regressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh-Yin Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Ko ◽  
Tzeng Yih Lam
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Large Branch ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Zelkova Serrata

AbstractTrees accumulate biomass by sequestrating atmospheric carbon and allocate it to different tree components. A biomass component ratio is the ratio of biomass in a tree component to total tree biomass. Modeling the ratios for Zelkova serrata, an important native reforestation tree species in Taiwan, helps in understanding its biomass allocation strategy to design effective silvicultural treatments. In this study, we applied Component Ratio Method (CRM) to relate biomass component ratios of main stem, large branch, twig, and foliage to tree attributes of Z. serrata from a 9-year-old plantation. Nonlinear and linear CRM models were fitted with Seemingly Unrelated Regression to account for model correlations. Linear CRM models with dbh as the predictor had the best fit with model correlations as high as 80%. About 46% and 40% of total tree biomass was allocated to main stem and large branch, respectively. However, main stem biomass decreased by 1.9% with every 1-cm increase in dbh, but large branch biomass increased by 2.2% instead. Results suggest that dominant Z. serrata trees tend to branch and fork, while smaller trees invest in larger main stem. An early pruning treatment should focus on dominant trees to maintain crown ratio and ensure wood quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Stand Age on Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Quercus Acutissima in the Central Loess Plateau of China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Wenyan Xue ◽  
Shichuan Yu ◽  
Jianyun Zhou ◽  
Wenhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Total Tree

We studied the effects of stand age on allocation and equation fitting of aboveground and below-ground biomass in four Quercus acutissima stands (14, 31, 46, and 63 years old) in the Central Loess Plateau of China. The stem wood, stem bark, branch, foliage, and belowground biomass of each of the 20 destructive harvesting trees were quantified. The mean total biomass of each tree was 28.8, 106.8, 380.6, and 603.4 kg/tree in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground biomass accounted for 72.25%, 73.05%, 76.14%, and 80.37% of the total tree biomass in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively, and stem wood was the major component of tree biomass. The proportion of stem (with bark) biomass to total tree biomass increased with stand age while the proportions of branch, foliage, and belowground biomass to total tree biomass decreased with stand age. The ratio of belowground biomass to aboveground biomass decreased from 0.39 in the 14-year-old stand to 0.37, 0.31, and 0.24 in the 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Age-specific biomass equations in each stand were developed for stem wood, stem bark, aboveground, and total tree. The inclusion of tree height as a second variable improved the total tree biomass equation fitting for middle-aged (31-year-old and 46-year-old) stands but not young (14 years old) and mature (63 years old) stands. Moreover, biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) varied with stand age, showing a decreasing trend with increasing stand age. These results indicate that stand age alters the biomass allocation of Q. acutissima and results in age-specific allometric biomass equations and BCEFs. Therefore, to obtain accurate estimates of Q. acutissima forest biomass and carbon stocks, age-specific changes need to be considered.

scholarly journals Whole-tree biomass and carbon allocation of juvenile trees of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda): influence of genetics and fertilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Retzlaff ◽  
J A Handest ◽  
D M O'Malley ◽  
S E McKeand ◽  
M A Topa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Whole Tree

To assess the contribution of belowground biomass allocation towards total carbon (C) allocation of two provenances of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), we examined the total biomass allocation of a fast- and slow-growing family from each provenance. Since planting on a xeric, infertile site in Scotland County, N.C., U.S.A., trees in this study have been subjected to one of two nutrient treatments: optimal nutrition or control (no fertilization). Total biomass of 24 (1 tree/family plot × 2 families × 2 provenances × 2 treatments × 3 blocks) 5-year-old (juvenile) trees was harvested in January 1998. Fertilization increased total root, total shoot, and total tree biomass in all families as compared with harvested trees in control plots. Fertilization also increased biomass of coarse-root, woody-root, taproot, stem, branch, and foliar components of families as compared with trees in control plots. Although there were treatment and family differences in standing-crop biomass of the total root, total shoot, total tree, and various individual root and shoot components, the percent biomass (whole-tree) allocation to these tissues remained similar across treatments. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) analysis indicated some treatment, family, and provenance differences in TNC concentrations and partitioning to starch and soluble sugars. At the time of harvest, TNC concentrations of belowground tissues were much higher than those of aboveground tissues, and enhanced partitioning towards starch in root tissues indicates an important C storage role for belowground tissues at this time. Indeed, more than 90% of the trees starch content was present in root tissue in January. Although constrained by a sample size of three harvested trees per family, this study suggests that biomass allocation on a whole-tree level was similar between fast- and slow-growing families of different provenances of juvenile loblolly pine and was not affected by fertilizer treatment.

scholarly journals Testing a new component ratio method for predicting total tree aboveground and component biomass for widespread pine and hardwood species of eastern US

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-588
Author(s):  
Brian J Clough ◽  
Grant M Domke ◽  
David W MacFarlane ◽  
Philip J Radtke ◽  
Matthew B Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Total Tree

The role of biomass allocation strategy in diversity loss due to fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kechang Niu ◽  
Yanjiang Luo ◽  
Philippe Choler ◽  
Guozhen Du
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Diversity Loss

scholarly journals Loss of Tree Biomass in Jure Landslide, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Smrita Acharya ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Loss Mitigation ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Mountain Environment ◽  
Total Tree

Landslide causes massive loss of lives and properties along with intangible losses in mountainous regions. Yet such intangible losses in ecosystems are rarely considered. The present study assesses the tree biomass lost due to Jure landslide in Sindhupalchowk that destroyed 71 hectare of land. Altogether, 12 plots (250 m2) were sampled through systematic and purposive sampling technique. The total tree biomass was estimated using allometric equation. The study recorded 21 tree species in which Schimawallichiii (Korth.), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Roxb.), Shorea robusta (Gaertn.), Alnus nepalensis (D. Don), Phyllanthus emblica (Linn.) and Celtius australis (Linn.) were dominant. Schima wallichiii had the highest density (320 individual ha-1) and frequency (92%). The total biomass of tree species was 216 ton ha-1 in which Schima wallichiii constituted the highest total tree biomass (82 ton ha-1). In 71 ha landslide area, the landslide caused loss of 15,336 tons of total tree biomass, which equals to 56,283 tons CO2 equivalents. These findings are relevant for assessing post-landslide impacts on the mountain environment. Furthermore, to reduce carbon emissions resulting from forest loss, mitigation of landslide is crucial.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016,Page: 65-70

scholarly journals Fir (Abies spp.) stand biomass additive model for Eurasia sensitive to winter temperature and annual precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Usoltsev ◽  
Katarína Merganičová ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Anna A. Osmirko ◽  
Ivan S. Tsepordey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Climate change, especially modified courses of temperature and precipitation, has a significant impact on forest functioning and productivity. Moreover, some alterations in tree biomass allocation (e.g. root to shoot ratio, foliage to wood parts) might be expected in these changing ecological conditions. Therefore, we attempted to model fir stand biomass (t ha−1) along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients using the data from 272 forest stands. The model outputs suggested that all biomass components, except for the crown mass, change in a common pattern, but in different ratios. Specifically, in the range of mean January temperature and precipitation of −30°C to +10°C and 300 to 900 mm, fir stand biomass increases with both increasing temperature and precipitation. Under an assumed increase of January temperature by 1°C, biomass of roots and of all components of the aboveground biomass of fir stands increased (under the assumption that the precipitation level did not change). Similarly, an assumed increase in precipitation by 100 mm resulted in the increased biomass of roots and of all aboveground components. We conclude that fir seems to be a perspective taxon from the point of its productive properties in the ongoing process of climate change.

Willow coppice and browse blocks: establishment and management

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
T.N. Barry ◽  
N.A. Faulknor ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
A.G. Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Total Tree

Tree willow (Salix matsudana x alba) clone 'Tangoio' has potential as supplementary feed for livestock in summer/autumn drought. A trial was conducted in Hawke's Bay to determine the effect of planting stock (1.1 m stakes, 2 m poles) and cutting height (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) on edible (leaf + stem < 5 mm diameter) and total tree biomass in 2002 and 2003. Tangoio was also established progressively in high density (4,000-6,900 stems/ha) browse fodder blocks in Wairarapa using 0.75 m stakes, and the trees were browsed with sheep in summer 2003, when the blocks were aged 1-3 years. Total tree yield in all trials ranged from 0.12 to 2.29 t DM/ha/ yr, of which 30-50% was edible. Trees cut to 0.5 m above ground often yielded more (P < 0.05) than those cut at 0.25 m. Tangoio established well in the browse blocks but its biomass was < 20% of that of the understorey pasture. Best management techniques for coppice and browse blocks are recommended. Keywords: willow; supplementary feed; soil conservation; defoliation; tree-pasture systems

scholarly journals Tree Biomass Equations for Naturally Regenerated Shortleaf Pine

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. Sabatia ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Rodney E. Will
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Tree Component ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract Aboveground tree-level and branch-level biomass component equations were fitted by nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression, for even-aged naturally regenerated shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in southeastern Oklahoma. Data were obtained from 46- to 53-year-old trees growing in stands that had previously been thinned to densities ranging from 50% of full stocking to overstocked unthinned stands. Stand density affected some of the parameter estimates for trees growing in thinned stands versus unthinned stands. Equations based on dbh alone gave biomass estimates that were not significantly different from those obtained with equations based on dbh, height, and/or crown width. The fitted tree-level biomass component equations were additive in the sense that predictions for biomass components were constrained by the estimation process to sum to total tree biomass. These equations can be used to estimate aboveground tree or tree component biomass for naturally regenerated shortleaf pine in the dbh range of 7–40 cm in southeastern Oklahoma and have potential for application in other shortleaf pine growing areas.

Fuelwood Potential in Large-Tree Quercus gambelii Stands

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren P. Clary ◽  
Arthur R. Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Quercus Gambelii ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Clonal Species

Abstract Five high volume stands of large-tree Quercus gambelii Nutt. were sampled to assess fuelwood potential. Sampled stands of this clonal species had stem densities equivalent to 2400-4100 per hectare. Mean stem diameters varied from 15.1-24.6 cm. The average live stem had an oven-dry biomass of 82.5 kg and marketable fuelwood of 67.5 kg. Equivalent values for standing dead stems were 22.5 and 20.2 kg. Total tree biomass (live and dead standing stems) was 292.1 t (metric)/ha. Marketable fuelwood biomass was 245.1 t/ha. Retail fuelwood market values for these large-tree stands ranged from $11,144-$44,740/ha cut, split, and delivered to the customer. Stumpage price that could be charged by the landowner for standing trees varied from $1,175-$4,716 per hectare of stand. West. J. Appl. For. 2(3):87-90, July 1987.

scholarly journals Contrasts in Areas of Rubber Tree Clones in Regard to Soil and Biomass Carbon Stocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1385
Author(s):  
Anderson Ribeiro Diniz ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Eduardo Vinicius da Silva ◽  
Felipe Martini Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
C Stock ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) crop may accumulate significant amounts of carbon either in biomass or in the soil. However, a comprehensive understanding of the potential of the C stock among different rubber tree clones is still distant, since clones are typically developed to exhibit other traits, such as better yield and disease tolerance. Thus, the aim of this study was to address differences among different areas planted to rubber clones. We hypothesized that different rubber tree clones, developed to adapt to different environmental and biological constrains, diverge in terms of soil and plant biomass C stocks. Clones were compared in respect to soil C stocks at four soil depths and the total depth (0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.40, and 0.00-0.40 m), and in the different compartments of the tree biomass. Five different plantings of rubber clones (FX3864, FDR 5788, PMB 1, MDX 624, and CDC 312) of seven years of age were compared, which were established in a randomized block design in the experimental field in Rio de Janeiro State. No difference was observed among plantings of rubber tree clones in regard to soil C stocks, even considering the total stock from 0.00-0.40 m depth. However, the rubber tree clones were different from each other in terms of total plant C stocks, and this contrast was predominately due to only one component of the total C stock, tree biomass. For biomass C stock, the MDX 624 rubber tree clone was superior to other clones, and the stem was the biomass component which most accounted for total C biomass. The contrast among rubber clones in terms of C stock is mainly due to the biomass C stock; the aboveground (tree biomass) and the belowground (soil) compartments contributed differently to the total C stock, 36.2 and 63.8 %, respectively. Rubber trees did not differ in relation to C stocks in the soil, but the right choice of a rubber clone is a reliable approach for sequestering C from the air in the biomass of trees.

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