scholarly journals Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Javed ◽  
Zaid Mahmood ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Lupeol Acetate

AbstractAntifungal activity of Monothecabuxifolia methanolic extract and its various fractions were assessed against Macrophominaphaseolina, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of more than 500 vegetal species as well as rare and emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Different concentrations of methanolic extract (3.125 to 200 mg mL−1) inhibited fungal biomass by 39–45%. Isolated n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions suppressed fungal biomass by 32–52%, 29–50% and 29–35%, respectively. Triterpenes lupeol and lupeol acetate (1, 2) were isolated from n-hexane while betulin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid (3–6) were isolated from chloroform fraction. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and quercetin (7–10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using various spectroscopic techniques namely mass spectroscopy and NMR. Antifungal activity of different concentrations (0.0312 to 2 mg mL−1) of the isolated compounds was evaluated and compared with the activity of a broad spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Different concentrations of mencozeb reduced fungal biomass by 83–85%. Among the isolated compounds lupeol acetate (2) was found the highest antifungal against M.phaseolina followed by betulin (3), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), β-amyrin (5) and oleanolic acid (6) resulting in 79–81%, 77–79%, 74–79%, 67–72%, 68–71% and 68–71%, respectively. Rest of the compounds also showed considerable antifungal activity and reduced M.phaseolina biomass by 41–64%.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT PARKIA JAVANICA AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE MULTI DRUG RESISTANT AND OTHER CLINICAL ISOLATES

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHINUK BASU MULLICK ◽  
TAPAN MAJUMDAR ◽  
KUDUMULA VENKATA RAMI REDDY ◽  
SUMITA MUKHERJEE ◽  
SAMIR KUMAR SIL
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Water Fraction

Objective: The objective of this study was to look into the in vitro activity of Parkia javanica against isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods: Methanolic extract of P. javanica bark (MEPJ) and organic fractionation were tested against one standard strain and 10 clinical isolates including one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate of N. gonorrhoeae through minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) tests. Results: The MDR isolate, standard strain, as well as all the clinical isolates were inhibited by MEPJ as well as all the fractions except water fraction. Chloroform fraction showed the best activity with MIC and MBC values, both being 0.2 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate fraction also showed MIC value at 0.2 mg/ml; however, MBC value was at 0.3 mg/ml. MIC and MBC values of MEPJ were both 0.3 mg/ml. Conclusion: Chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and MEPJ bark showed the lowest MIC values and can be considered as prospective candidates for the development of antigonococcal topical drugs.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity in the methanolic, aqueous and hexane extracts of Calligonum polygonoides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841882127
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Calligonum polygonoides is locally called as Phog which belongs to the Polygonaceae family. It is traditionally used as an antifungal. The methanolic extract, hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous extract were screened against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in seven concentrations, that is, 1.8, 2.9, 6.5, 12.6, 25, 50 and 75 µg/mL/disc. Calligonum polygonoides showed significant activity against Candida albicans as the observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 6.5 µg/mL for methanolic extract, 9.8 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract, whereas aqueous and hexane extracts showed no activity. Calligonum polygonoides did not show any significant activity against Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAVAID ◽  
L. AFZAL ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL-1) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Aerial Parts of Cenchrus pennisetiformis Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KHURSHID ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB ◽  
S. JAVED ◽  
U. QAISAR
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Stem Extract

ABSTRACT: Antifungal potential of aerial parts of an allelopathic grass Cenchrus pennisetiformis (Hochst. & Steud.) Wipff. was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyder & Hansen, a fungal pathogen causing wilt disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Different concentrations (1% to 6%) of methanolic leaf, stem and inflorescence extract of the grass significantly reduced fungal biomass by 40-88%, 13-89%, and 26-76%, respectively. Methanolic shoot (leaf + stem) extract was fractionated using four organic solvents viz. n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. All the sub-fractions of methanolic shoot extract showed remarkable antifungal potential to variable extents. Different concentrations (1.56-200 mg mL-1) of ethyl acetate sub-fraction exhibited the best antifungal activity resulting in 49-100% suppression in the fungal biomass. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate sub-fraction showed the presence of 10 compounds. Phenol, 2,4-bis{1,1-dimethlethyl}- was the major compound (30.99%) followed by hexadecanoic acid, ethyl-ester (21.72%), benzofuran 2,3-dihydro (10.65%), 1-propanol-2-2-hydroxypropxy (10.60%) and 1-eicosene (8.32%).

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Molluscicidal Investigations of Fagonia arabica

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. El-Wakil
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity

The aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Fagonia arabica L. (family Zygophyllaceae) was successively fractionated using certain organic solvents. From the ethyl acetate fraction, two flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside and acacetin-7-O-rhamnoside. Four triterpenoidal glycosides were isolated from the butanolic layer. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectral and chemical data as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranoside oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl quinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinosyl oleanolic acid (3) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→3)-α-L-arabino-pyranosyl quinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The two monodesmosidic saponins 1 and 3 were found to possess strong molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt (LC90 = 13.33 and 16.44 μM), whereas the other two bidesmosidic saponins 2 and 4 as well as the two flavonoid glycosides were inactive up to 50 μM.

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FOUR ORGANIC SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF LEAF EXTRACT OF HEMP AGAINST Aspergillus versicolor

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Nadeem Shad
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Comparative Efficacy

The fungus Aspergillus versicolor is generally found on food products and produces sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin. This study reports the usefulness of polar and non-polar fractions of methanolic extract of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaves against this fungus. Dried leaves of hemp were soaked in methanol for two weeks. After filtration and evaporation, water was added to the residual and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Different concentrations of each fraction were prepared which ranged from 1.562 to 200 mg mL-1. Antifungal activity was carried out in malt extract broth medium. In general, all the concentrations of the four organic solvent fractions significantly controlled the growth of A. versicolor. There was 71–82%, 59–82%, 65–80% and 69–82% decline in biomass of A. versicolor due to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, respectively. It is concluded that different fractions of leaf extract of C. sativa has remarkable potential in controlling growth of A. versicolor.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of Rhododendron arboreum bark

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1254-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nisar ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Naveed Muhammad ◽  
Syed N Gillani ◽  
Muhmmad R Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rhododendron Arboreum ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source

Rhododendron arboreum Smith. (Ericaceae), an evergreen small tree, is one of the 1000 species that belongs to genus Rhododendron distributed worldwide. In folk medicine, as various parts of this plant exhibit medicinal properties, it is used in the treatment of different ailments. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract of R. arboreum bark, followed by activity-guided fractionation of n-hexane, n-butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (200 mg/kg i.p.) showed the maximum analgesic effect (82%) in acetic acid-induced writhing, followed, to a less extent, by crude extract and chloroform fraction both at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.p. (65.09% and 67.89%, respectively). In carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema, the crude extract and its related fractions displayed in a dose-dependent manner (50–200 mg/kg i.p.) an anti-inflammatory activity for all time-courses (1–5 hrs). For the active extract/fractions (200 mg/kg i.p.), the maximum effect was observed 5 h after carrageenan injection. These evidences were also supported by in vitro lipoxygenase inhibitory properties. In conclusion, R. arboreum crude methanolic extract and its fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. For these reasons, this plant could be a promising source of new compounds for the management of pain and inflammatory diseases.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S129
Author(s):  
I. Namoune ◽  
B. Khettal ◽  
A.M. Assaf ◽  
S. Elhayek ◽  
L. Arrar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

Verbascum sinaiticum: A Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenylethanoid Glycosides

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Yasmeen Gondal ◽  
Roshan Zamir ◽  
Muhammad Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Soluble Part

Background: The genus Verbascum is well documented for its antioxidant potential but Verbascum sinaiticum is comparatively less studied plant. The current study was carried out to search for antioxidant nutraceuticals from this species. Objective: To explore the antioxidant potential of Verbascum sinaiticum and to identify its active constituents. Methods: The methanolic extract of air-dried aerial part of the Verbascum sinaiticum was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The water-soluble part of ethyl acetate afforded six phenylethanoid glycosides by repeated chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and ODS columns. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and isolated constituents were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results: Six phenylethanoid glycosides was isolated and characterized as Verbascoside, Eukovoside, Martynoside, Jionoside D, Campneoside I and Campneoside II, from the most active fraction. Conclusion: Verbascum sinaiticum demonstrated prospective antioxidant activity. The watersoluble part of EtOAc (WSEAE) was found the most active extract whereas Verbascoside was identified as the most potent constituent. All isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity whereas their synergistic effect was found prominent in the parent fraction.

Antiproliferative Effects of Ocimum basilicum Methanolic Extract and Fractions, Oleanolic Acid and 3-epi-Ursolic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehkashan Arshad Qamar ◽  
Ahsana Dar Farooq ◽  
Bina S. Siddiqui ◽  
Nurul Kabir ◽  
Sabira Begum
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mcf 7

Aims: The aim of the current study was to identify active compound(s) responsible for the antiproliferative effects of O. basilicum and explore their underlying mechanism/s. Background: Plants have been the source of medicines for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil, Bobai Tulsi) has been used in the folk medicine for the treatment of human liver, spleen and stomach cancers. Background: Plants have been the source of medicines for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil, Bobai Tulsi) has been used in the folk medicine for the treatment of human liver, spleen and stomach cancers. Objective: To emphasize the importance of O. basilicum as a potential novel non-toxic alternative to the conventional anticancer therapy. Method: O. basilicum (aerial parts) methanolic extract and fractions were screened against HT-144, MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268 human cancer cell lines using sulforhodamine B assay. The more active Petroleum Ether Insoluble (PEI) fraction was fractionated into six sub-fractions (OB-1 to OB-6). Four pure compounds (3-O-methyl ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 3-epi-ursolic acid and ursolic acid) were isolated from the more potent sub-fraction OB- 6. Triple channel immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to observe the effects of methanolic extract, PEI fraction, sub-fractions OB-5 and OB-6, 3-epi-ursolic acid and oleanolic acid on the cytoskeleton and nuclei of MCF-7 cells. Result: The methanolic extract and the PEI fraction exhibited selectively greater growth inhibition against MCF-7 cell line (TGI: 56 and 36.2 µg/ml, respectively). By using triple channel immunofluorescence microscopy, it was observed that the methanolic extract, PEI fraction, sub-fraction OB-5 and 3-epi-ursolic acid induced irregular mitotic spindle formation and slowing of mitotic progression in MCF-7 cells while sub-fraction OB-6 induced mitotic arrest in the prophase stage. F-actin aggregation was also visible in PEI fraction, subfraction OB-5 and 3-epi-ursolic acid treated MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of O. basilicum as a potential novel non-toxic alternative to the conventional anticancer therapy and suggest that it inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells via multiple mechanisms such as interaction with the microtubules and mitotic spindle apparatus, and F-actin aggregation.

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