Multiple cytochrome P450 genes: conferring high levels of permethrin resistance in mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus

AbstractInsecticides, especially pyrethroids, are the most important in the insect pest control and preventing insect vector-borne human diseases. However, insect pests, including mosquitoes, have developed resistance in the insecticides that used against them. Cytochrome P450s are associated with insecticide resistance through overexpression and detoxification mechanisms in insect species. In this study, we utilized a powerful tool, the RNAi technique, to determine the roles of key P450 genes overexpressed in permethrin resistant mosquitoes that confer insecticide resistance to unravel the molecular basis of resistance mechanisms in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. The results showed that knockdown of 8 key P450 genes using RNAi techniques significantly decreased resistance to permethrin in resistant mosquitoes. In silico modeling and docking analysis further revealed the potential metabolic function of overexpressed P450 genes in the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. These findings not only highlighted the functional importance of these P450 genes in insecticide resistance, but also revealed that overexpression of multiple P450 genes was responsible for the high levels of insecticide resistance in a mosquito population of Culex quinquefasciatus.

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Insecticide resistance genes affect Culex quinquefasciatus vector competence for West Nile virus

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2018.2273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 (1894) ◽

pp. 20182273 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Célestine M. Atyame ◽

Haoues Alout ◽

Laurence Mousson ◽

Marie Vazeille ◽

Mawlouth Diallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

West Nile ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Resistant Lines

Insecticide resistance has been reported to impact the interactions between mosquitoes and the pathogens they transmit. However, the effect on vector competence for arboviruses still remained to be investigated. We examined the influence of two insecticide resistance mechanisms on vector competence of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus for two arboviruses, Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) and West Nile virus (WNV). Three Cx. quinquefasciatus lines sharing a common genetic background were used: two insecticide-resistant lines, one homozygous for amplification of the Ester 2 locus (SA2), the other homozygous for the acetylcholinesterase ace-1 G119S mutation (SR) and the insecticide-susceptible reference line Slab. Statistical analyses revealed no significant effect of insecticide-resistant mechanisms on vector competence for RVFV. However, both insecticide resistance mechanisms significantly influenced the outcome of WNV infections by increasing the dissemination of WNV in the mosquito body, therefore leading to an increase in transmission efficiency by resistant mosquitoes. These results showed that insecticide resistance mechanisms enhanced vector competence for WNV and may have a significant impact on transmission dynamics of arboviruses. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the impacts of insecticide resistance on the vectorial capacity parameters to assess the overall consequence on transmission.

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Enzymatic Characterization of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Field Populations of Malaysian Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0079928 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e79928 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Van Lun Low ◽

Chee Dhang Chen ◽

Han Lim Lee ◽

Tiong Kai Tan ◽

Chin Fong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Enzymatic Characterization

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A review on corn breeding for insect pest resistance

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2019.4.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

pp. 126-129

Author(s):

Devashish Bhandari ◽

Rupak Karn ◽

Bipin Neupane ◽

Dinesh Marasini

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Corn Breeding ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Successful Control ◽

Callus Tissue Culture

Significant yield reduction and effect on almost every aspect of the plants by insect pests have been a mega problem in agricultural crops. Scientist tackle with many challenges to develop highly efficient techniques either through conventional breeding or modern genetic engineering to understand the mechanism of resistance and its application for benefit of human kind. Antibiosis, antixenosis and tolerance are the resistance mechanisms which have been developed for successful control of economically important insect pests in corn. Plant morphology and allelochemicals, induced resistance, callus tissue culture and genetic transformation were used as major tools to advance resistance by corn breeders. Insect pest resistant corn has been attributed for social, economical as well as environmental benefits. However, outcome of these achievements are not reflected due to low use of insect resistant corn by farmers in many developing countries of the world.

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An Overview of Meta-Analysis for the Importance of the Overexpression of Detoxification Genes in Insecticide Resistance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-862674/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yifan Wang ◽

Alan E. Wilson ◽

Nannan Liu

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Insect Species ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Metabolic Detoxification

Abstract Insect-borne diseases, such as malaria, and plant pathogens, like the tobacco mosaic virus, are responsible for human deaths and poor crop yields in communities around the world. The use of insecticides has been one of the major tools in the insect pest control. However, the development of insecticide resistance has been a major problem in the control of insect pest populations that threaten the health of both humans and plants. The overexpression of detoxification genes is thought to be one of the major mechanisms through which pests develop resistance to insecticides. Hundreds of research papers have explored how overexpressed detoxification genes increase the resistance status of insects to an insecticide in recent years; this study is, for the first, a synthesis of these research data aimed at (1) examining the overexpression of metabolic detoxification genes and their involvement in increased levels of resistance to different insecticides in diverse insect species, including agriculturally and medically important insect species. While (2) seeking to determine if the overexpression detoxification genes are most responsible for insecticide resistance in insect pests in general. The strongly correlated with increased levels of insecticide resistance were observed in tested insects with the cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and esterase gene superfamilies confirming that the overexpression of detoxification genes is indeed involved in insecticide metabolism of insects, including medical (e.g., mosquito and housefly) and agricultural (e.g., planthopper and caterpillar) insect pests.

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UNDERSTANDING INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MUSCA DOMESTICA L. (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), RESPONSIBLE ENZYME AND ITS INTERACTION NETWORK USING PPI STUDIES

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sharat Kumar Pattar ◽

Riaz Mahmood ◽

Sushil Kumar Jalali ◽

Santosh Kumar H.S

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Chronic Use

The housefly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genuine danger to human and creature wellbeing. Houseflies are vectors of in excess of 100 human and creature intestinal maladies. They are fit for communicating parasites that cause illnesses, for example, typhoid fever, cholera, bacillary looseness of the bowels, juvenile the runs, tuberculosis, plague, sickness, yaws, samonellosis, trachoma, and Bacillus anthracis. Creature wellbeing concerns incorporate the transmission of pinkeye. If we want to quell this insect pest the humans using insecticides and repellents but due to chronic use of these chemical compounds will create insecticide resistance in these domestic insect pests. There are numerous proteins/enzymes responsible for degradation of the chemicals used to get rid of these pests, but due to the action of some of the proteins/enzymes namely Ache gene(considering in the current study) will be rigorously involved in degradation of chemical compounds results in expressing the resistance in Houseflies. With the application of network biology the current study dealt efficiently in understanding how the interacting/supporting mechanism helps in expressing the resistance mechanism. With the help of STRING DATABASE in data collection and CYTOSCAPE-3.0 in visualization helps to its best in understanding the mechanism.

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Analyses of Insecticide Resistance Genes in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquito Populations from Cameroon

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 828

Author(s):

Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ◽

Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo ◽

Konstantinos Mavridis ◽

Abdou Talipouo ◽

Elysée Nchoutpouen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Aedes Mosquitoes ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Vector Borne ◽

First Time

The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes could pose major challenges for arboviral-borne disease control. In this paper, insecticide susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were assessed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) from urban settings of Cameroon. The F1 progeny of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus collected in Douala, Yaoundé and Dschang from August to December 2020 was tested using WHO tube assays with four insecticides: deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%. TaqMan, qPCR and RT-qPCR assays were used to detect kdr mutations and the expression profiles of eight detoxification genes. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Douala were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin. Three kdr mutations, F1534C, V1016G and V1016I were detected in Aedes aegypti populations from Douala and Dschang. The kdr allele F1534C was predominant (90%) in Aedes aegypti and was detected for the first time in Aedes albopictus (2.08%). P450s genes, Cyp9J28 (2.23–7.03 folds), Cyp9M6 (1.49–2.59 folds), Cyp9J32 (1.29–3.75 folds) and GSTD4 (1.34–55.3 folds) were found overexpressed in the Douala and Yaoundé Aedes aegypti populations. The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus calls for alternative strategies towards the control and prevention of arboviral vector-borne diseases in Cameroon.

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Impact of a More Intensive Insect Pest Infestation Level on Cotton Production: Texas High Plains

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200025115 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharif M. Masud ◽

Ronald D. Lacewell ◽

John R. Stoll ◽

J. Knox Walker ◽

James F. Leser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

High Plains ◽

Infestation Level ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Pest Infestation ◽

Texas High Plains ◽

Annual Reduction

AbstractThis study evaluated implications of increased bollworm problems in a 20-county area of the Texas High Plains relative to cotton yields and economic impact. Results did not indicate a serious effect of bollworms upon lint yield when insecticides were used for control. However, estimated annual reduction in farmer profit due to the bollworm for 1979-81 was over $30 million. Yields were estimated to decline about 300,000 bales without insecticide use and about 30,000 bales with insecticide use. This decline suggests potentially serious implications for the comparative economic position of cotton in this region if insecticide resistance were to develop among insect pests.

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Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1998.0321 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 353 (1376) ◽

pp. 1701-1705 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

J. Bergé ◽

R. Feyereisen ◽

M. Amichot

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

3D Structure ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽

Wild Type ◽

P450 Gene ◽

P450 Monooxygenases ◽

Loss Of Resistance ◽

Cytochrome P450 Genes

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in many cases of resistance of insects to insecticides. Resistance has long been associated with an increase in monooxygenase activities and with an increase in cytochrome P450 content. However, this increase does not always account for all of the resistance. In Drosophila melanogaster , we have shown that the overproduction of cytochrome P450 can be lost by the fly without a corresponding complete loss of resistance. These results prompted the sequencing of a cytochrome P450 candidate for resistance in resistant and susceptible flies. Several mutations leading to amino–acid substitutions have been detected in the P450 gene CYP6A2 of a resistant strain. The location of these mutations in a model of the 3D structure of the CYP6A2 protein suggested that some of them may be important for enzyme activity of this molecule. This has been verified by heterologous expression of wild–type and mutated cDNA in Escherichia coli . When other resistance mechanisms are considered, relatively few genetic mutations are involved in insecticide resistance, and this has led to an optimistic view of the management of resistance. Our observations compel us to survey in more detail the genetic diversity of cytochrome P450 genes and alleles involved in resistance.

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