scholarly journals Simulation study on the mining conditions of dissolution of low grade solid potash ore in Qarhan Salt Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Li ◽  
Chenglin Liu ◽  
Pengcheng Jiao ◽  
Yufei Hu ◽  
Wanping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Qarhan Salt Lake

AbstractThe output and grade of liquid potash minerals in Qarhan Salt Lake are decreasing year by year, which has become the main problem restricting the sustainable production of potassium fertilizer. The exploitation and utilization of low-grade solid potash ore, which is in the strata of the Qarhan Salt Lake, represents the fundamental framework for the sustainable development of Qarhan Salt Lake’s potash fertilizer. PHREEQC is a simulation software for hydrogeochemistry. In this paper, PHREEQC was applied to simulate temperature, pH value and solvent chemical characteristics which affect the dissolution process of low-grade solid potash minerals. The simulation results indicate that the optimum temperature for ore dissolution is around 25 °C, because, around this temperature, the dissolving ability of solvents to low-grade solid potash minerals is enhanced, while the dissolving ability to halite remains basically unchanged, which is conducive to selective dissolution of low-grade solid potash. It is recommended the temperature is between 20 and 30 ℃. The simulation results show that, when the pH value of solvents is more than 9, although it is advantageous to selective dissolution of low-grade solid potash minerals, the solvent becomes strong alkali solution, which will cause environmental pollution and seriously corrode materials and equipment in actual production, so it is recommended the pH value of the solvent is adjusted between 6 and 8. The simulation results show that, when the values of K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl− and SO42− in the solvent are 0.1%, 2.9%, 3.77%, 0.05%, 15.72% and 0.13% respectively, the solubility of low-grade solid potash ores is stronger, which is more conducive to selective ore dissolution. It is suggested that in actual production, the chemical composition of solvents prepared with old brine and fresh water should be as close as possible to the above chemical composition characteristics.

scholarly journals Halogenases of Qarhan Salt Lake in the Qaidam Basin: Evidence From Halite Fluid Inclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Mingyue Hu ◽  
Wenxia Li ◽  
Weiliang Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Salt Layer ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Evolution Stage ◽  
Qarhan Salt Lake ◽  
Tectonic Activities

The fluid inclusion composition of halite can help track chemical composition of ancient fluids and, thus, serves as a reliable index to analyze ancient brine in salt lakes. Qarhan Salt Lake (QSL) is the largest potash brine deposit in China. Although the mixing of modern river water and Ca-Cl deep water is widely accepted as potassium formation, the mixing characteristics in the time domain and driving factors of deep water are still unclear. Here, the chemical composition of fluid inclusions in primary halite samples collected from the ISL1A borehole in QSL was measured by LA-ICP-MS technology. The analysis results show that, during the formation stage of the S4 salt layer in QSL, the main potassium salt layer, the contents of Ca2+ and Sr2+ in brine increased significantly. There is evidence confirming that Ca-Cl deep water is beneficial to the enrichment of potassium and the surrounding rivers generally develop terraces. It suggests that, during the formation stage of the QSL potassium salt layer, more Ca-Cl inflow water of the northern margin supplies the salt lake, inferring that it was driven by tectonic activities. In addition, the chemical composition of halite fluid inclusions shows that there is an anomaly in geochemistry at the early stage of salt formation in QSL. By combining the time of tectonic activities, it is inferred that the anomaly is not caused by tectonic activities but maybe caused by a salt-forming event. This work indicates that deep water and tectonic movement have a huge impact on the evolution of salt lakes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of deep water and tectonic activities on the salt-forming evolution stage of salt lakes when studying the salt-forming evolution stage of salt lakes and paleoclimate by using salt lake deposition.

The effect of solvent chemistry on potassium dissolution extraction from low-grade solid potash ore in Qarhan Salt Lake, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 104550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Li ◽  
Chenglin Liu ◽  
Pengcheng Jiao ◽  
Wanping Liu ◽  
Deguo Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Solvent Chemistry ◽  
Qarhan Salt Lake

scholarly journals A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Van Chien Pham ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Beom-Seok Rho ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyunam Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

Research on Very Fast Transient over-Voltages Distribution in Large Power Transformer Windings

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7287-7292
Author(s):  
You Hua Gao ◽  
Zeng Feng Lai ◽  
Xiao Ming Liu ◽  
Guo Wei Liu ◽  
Ye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Telegraph Equations ◽  
Backward Differentiation Formulas ◽  
Space Discretization ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Fast Transient ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Differentiation Formulas

To analyze the transient response of transformer windings under very fast transient over-voltage (VFTO), multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) model based on the representation of transformer windings by its individual turns are established. Space discretization is needed for solving the time-domain telegraph equations of MTL. To calculate the voltage distributions along transformer windings, through combining the compact finite difference (CFD) theory and the backward differentiation formulas (BDF). Simulation software ATP is introduced, and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is feasible.

Comparative Analysis on Chemical Composition and Charcoal Characterization of Two Miscanthus Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Wen Biao Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhu Li ◽  
Bing Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Hot Water

Miscanthus is a highly productive, rhizomatous, C4 perennial grass that should be considered as an excellent active carbon precursor. This paper compares the charcoal characterization and chemical composition between M. sinensis and M. floridulus. Species differed in water content, hot water extract, 1% NaOH extract, organic solvent extract, cellulose, lignin and ash. Carbonization temperatures have effects on charcoal yields of Miscanthus, which ranged from 23.5% to 48.0% for M. sinensis and 11.3% to 37.2% for M. floridulus. Water content, charcoal density, pH value, and specific surface area of charcoal characterization varied between two species of Miscanthus. The specific surface area increased with the increase of carbonization temperature. The highest specific surface area of M. sinensis and M. floridulus was 351.74 m2g−1and 352.74 m2g−1, respectively, when the carbonization temperature was 800°C.

Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from the Solution Obtained by Leaching Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Xing Zou ◽  
Xiang Quan Chen ◽  
Hai Chao Xie ◽  
Xiao Dan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Concentration

The manganese sulfate solution leached from low-grade pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4 contains heavy metal ions of high concentration, influencing the quality of the final products of manganese compounds and causing manganese ions not to be electrolyzed. The present study was focused on the separation of Co, Ni and Zn ions from the leached solution with BaS. By controlling the pH value at 5.0-6.5, temperature at 50-60°C, reaction time at 15 min and mixing velocity at 78 rpm, the heavy metal ions could be separated effectively. Under the above optimized conditions, the ion concentration of Co, Ni, and Zn in the solution was reduced to 0.06 mg.L-1, 0.27mg.L-1 and 0.01mg.L-1, and the separation efficiency was 99.72%, 99.18% and 99.9% respectively. The obtained pure solution meets the demands of manganese electrowinning.

Analysis of HPDC Process with Automobile Part (Oil Pan) by CAE Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Kyu Seo ◽  
Hong Kyu Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Die Casting ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Solidification Shrinkage ◽  
Automobile Part ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Casting Design ◽  
Cae Simulation

In this research, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed by using the simulation software (AnyCasting) in order to optimize casting design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_7G9E) which is well known and complicated to achieve a good casting layout. The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the filling process, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and reduced remarkably by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and reduced by the modification of the gate system.

ENRICHMENT OF FUNCTIONAL DRINKS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS WITH PROTEINS OF GRAIN CROPS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. ПРИСТУПКО ◽  
Л.Я. РОДИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Complexing Ability ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Pectin Substances

Разработаны рецептуры напитков функционального назначения из овощных соков с добавлением концентрата из пророщенного зерна полбы Руно . Исследована комплексообразующая способность (КС) напитка при оптимальном соотношении белка и пектина. Определен химический состав используемого сырья и энергетическая ценность готовых напитков. Установлено содержание в 100 г разработанного напитка, образец 1 и 2 соответственно: сухих веществ 8,6 и 7,2 пектиновых веществ 1,80 и 1,79 белков 3,46 и 3,40 г углеводов 10,46 и 7,87 г жиров по 0,14 г. КС образцов 1 и 2 соответственно (58 0,1) и (56 0,2) мг Pb2/мл значение pH 5,1 0,3 и 5,3 0,4. Разработанные овощные соки с мякотью, обогащенные пророщенным зерном полбы Руно , могут быть рекомендованы в качестве овощных напитков функциональной направленности. Recipes of functional drinks from vegetable juices with the addition of concentrate from sprouted grain of spelt Runo have been developed. The complexing ability of the drink with the optimal ratio of protein and pectin was studied. Was determined the chemical composition of the raw materials used and the energy value of the finished beverages. The content of 100 g of developed drinks, the samples 1 and 2, respectively: dry solids 8,6 and 7,2 pectin substances 1,80 and 1,79 proteins 3,46 and 3,40 g carbohydrates 10,46 and 7,87 g of fats in each sample of 0,14 g. The complexing ability of samples 1 and 2, respectively (58 0,1) and (56 0,2) mg Pb2/ml the pH value, respectively 5,1 0,3 and 5,3 0,4. Developed vegetable juices with pulp, enriched with sprouted grain of spelt Runo , can be recommended as vegetable drinks of a functional orientation.

Heat Transfer Behavior of Silica Nanoparticles in Pool Boiling Experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Milanova ◽  
Ranganathan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pool Boiling ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Boiling Regime ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
The Wire

The heat transfer characteristics of silica (SiO2) nanofluids at 0.5vol% concentration and particle sizes of 10nm and 20nm in pool boiling with a suspended heating Nichrome wire have been analyzed. The influence of acidity on heat transfer has been studied. The pH value of the nanosuspensions is important from the point of view that it determines the stability of the particles and their mutual interactions toward the suspended heated wire. When there is no particle deposition on the wire, the nanofluid increases critical heat flux (CHF) by about 50% within the uncertainty limits regardless of pH of the base fluid or particle size. The extent of oxidation on the wire impacts CHF, and is influenced by the chemical composition of nanofluids in buffer solutions. The boiling regime is further extended to higher heat flux when there is agglomeration on the wire. This agglomeration allows high heat transfer through interagglomerate pores, resulting in a nearly threefold increase in burnout heat flux. This deposition occurs for the charged 10nm silica particle. The chemical composition, oxidation, and packing of the particles within the deposition on the wire are shown to be the reasons for the extension of the boiling regime and the net enhancement of the burnout heat flux.

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