scholarly journals Influenza vaccination and the risk of COVID-19 infection and severe illness in older adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Huang ◽  
Shu-Wen Lin ◽  
Wang-Huei Sheng ◽  
Chi-Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Database

AbstractThe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic and led to nearly three million deaths globally. As of April 2021, there are still many countries that do not have COVID-19 vaccines. Before the COVID-19 vaccines were developed, some evidence suggested that an influenza vaccine may stimulate nonspecific immune responses that reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection or the severity of COVID-19 illness after infection. This study evaluated the association between influenza vaccination and the risk of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study with data from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 with the Claims data from Symphony Health database. The study population was adults age 65 years old or older who received influenza vaccination between September 1 and December 31 of 2019. The main outcomes and measures were odds of COVID-19 infection and severe COVID-19 illness after January 15, 2020. We found the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of COVID-19 infection risk between the influenza-vaccination group and no-influenza-vaccination group was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.77). Among COVID-19 patients, the aOR of developing severe COVID-19 illness was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68–0.76) between the influenza-vaccination group and the no-influenza-vaccination group. When the influenza-vaccination group and the other-vaccination group were compared, the aOR of COVID-19 infection was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97), and the aOR of developing a severe COVID-19 illness was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80–1.13). The influenza vaccine may marginally protect people from COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severe Illness in Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Huang ◽  
Shu-Wan Lin ◽  
Wang-Huei Sheng ◽  
Chi-Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Database

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is an urgent threat worldwide with no vaccine available. It is important to evaluate whether influenza vaccination can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with claims data from Symphony Health database from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. Participants were adults aged 65 years old or older who had received the influenza vaccine between September 1 and December 31 of 2019. The objective was to measure the odds of COVID-19 infection and severe COVID-19 illness after January 15, 2020 among vaccinated and unvaccinated older adults. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of COVID-19 infection risk between the influenza-vaccination group and no-influenza-vaccination group was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.77). Among COVID-19 patients, the aOR of developing severe COVID-19 illness was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68–0.76) between the influenza-vaccination group and the no-influenza-vaccination group. When the influenza-vaccination group and the other-vaccination group were compared, the aOR of COVID-19 infection was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97), and the aOR of developing a severe COVID-19 illness was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80–1.13). In conclusion, the influenza vaccine may marginally protect people from COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Health Care Workers in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shekhar ◽  
Abu Baker Sheikh ◽  
Shubhra Upadhyay ◽  
Mriganka Singh ◽  
Saket Kottewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
To Receive

Background: Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will play a major role in combating the pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the first group to receive vaccination, so it is important to consider their attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination to better address barriers to widespread vaccination acceptance. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to assess the attitude of HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination. Data were collected between 7 October and 9 November 2020. We received 4080 responses out of which 3479 were complete responses and were included in the final analysis. Results: 36% of respondents were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available while 56% were not sure or would wait to review more data. Only 8% of HCWs do not plan to get vaccine. Vaccine acceptance increased with increasing age, education, and income level. A smaller percentage of female (31%), Black (19%), Lantinx (30%), and rural (26%) HCWs were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available than the overall study population. Direct medical care providers had higher vaccine acceptance (49%). Safety (69%), effectiveness (69%), and speed of development/approval (74%) were noted as the most common concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination in our survey.

scholarly journals Can online self-reports assist in real-time identification of influenza vaccination uptake? A cross-sectional study of influenza vaccine-related tweets in the USA, 2013–2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Huang ◽  
Michael C Smith ◽  
Amelia M Jamison ◽  
David A Broniatowski ◽  
Mark Dredze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) spend significant time and resources to track influenza vaccination coverage each influenza season using national surveys. Emerging data from social media provide an alternative solution to surveillance at both national and local levels of influenza vaccination coverage in near real time.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterise and analyse the vaccinated population from temporal, demographical and geographical perspectives using automatic classification of vaccination-related Twitter data.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we continuously collected tweets containing both influenza-related terms and vaccine-related terms covering four consecutive influenza seasons from 2013 to 2017. We created a machine learning classifier to identify relevant tweets, then evaluated the approach by comparing to data from the CDC’s FluVaxView. We limited our analysis to tweets geolocated within the USA.ResultsWe assessed 1 124 839 tweets. We found strong correlations of 0.799 between monthly Twitter estimates and CDC, with correlations as high as 0.950 in individual influenza seasons. We also found that our approach obtained geographical correlations of 0.387 at the US state level and 0.467 at the regional level. Finally, we found a higher level of influenza vaccine tweets among female users than male users, also consistent with the results of CDC surveys on vaccine uptake.ConclusionSignificant correlations between Twitter data and CDC data show the potential of using social media for vaccination surveillance. Temporal variability is captured better than geographical and demographical variability. We discuss potential paths forward for leveraging this approach.

scholarly journals Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1306-1311
Author(s):  
Evan J. Keil ◽  
Sergio M. Navarro ◽  
Hashim Shaikh ◽  
Lilian E. Yao ◽  
Todd M. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic

PURPOSE The rapid dissemination of information through social media renders a profound lens to evaluate perceptions of emerging topics, especially in the context of a global pandemic. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to elucidate trends on social media in the setting of surgical cancer care affected by the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe. METHODS A public search of Twitter from April 1 to 30, 2020, was conducted, which yielded 996 posts related to COVID-19 and cancer. Two authors (E.J.K. and H.S.) individually reviewed all posts and recorded the post category, engagement, author category, and geographic location. Data were then analyzed through descriptive analyses. Only English-language posts were included, and any noncancer- or non-COVID–related posts were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS A total of 734 unique authors from 26 different countries wrote 996 relevant posts that averaged 12.0 likes, 4.7 retweets, and 0.5 hashtags per post. Only 2.3% (23 of 996) of posts included a video. Authors of the included tweets most frequently were friends and families of patients (183; 18.4%), academic institutions or organizations (182; 18.3%), and physicians (138; 13.9%). Topics of importance were cancellations of surgeries (299; 40.1%), COVID-19 education (211; 121.2%), and research studies (93; 9.3%). The United Kingdom and the United States made up 81.5% of the cohort, followed by Canada (6.6%) and India (2.4%). Of posts where a specific type of surgery was identified (196), the most common type mentioned was breast cancer (50; 25.5%), followed by lung cancer (37; 18.9%) and urologic cancer (22; 11.2%). CONCLUSION This analysis provides insight into the resulting impacts of COVID-19 on the global discussion of surgical cancer care.

scholarly journals Pewarnaan Gram Buffy Coat untuk Deteksi Awal Pasien Bakteremia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leka Lutpiatina
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Study Population

Abstract: Bacteremia is one public health problem. Bacteremia was ranked as the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. Gram staining of buffy coat can be used for early detection of patients with bacteremia. Rapid diagnostic tests with these Gram staining can be interpreted within an hour and the research that has been conducted Richmond et al. 2002, have a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 79%. This study aimed to study the sensitivity and specificity of Gram buffy coat with the gold standard blood culture media biphasic fever suspected patients. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study. The study population was suspected fever patients in hospitals Ratu Zalecha Martapura months from March to May 2013. The samples were suspect fever patients in hospitals Queen Zalecha Martapura March-May 2013 were taken by purposive with the inclusion criteria: Patients District General Hospital Ratu Zalecha Martapura, aged ≥10 years, had fever ≥ 5 days, had symptoms of abdominal pain, willing to follow the study. Gram staining microscopic results were analyzed by application epicalc. Microscopic results buffy coat Gram staining Gram-negative rods are found as many as seven (26%) and were not found Gram-negative rods as many as 20 (74%). Culture results of this study are Gram negative bacterial growth as much as 6 (22%) and no growth as many as 21 (78%). Conclusion The results of microscopic Gram stain buffy coat has a value of 67% sensitivity and 86% specificity.

scholarly journals 1419. National ambulatory health resource utilization and geographic disparities of influenza in the United States, 2009 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S716-S716
Author(s):  
Eric H Young ◽  
Richard Crowell ◽  
Anjeanette Gonzalez ◽  
Kelly R Reveles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Rates

Abstract Background Influenza can affect up to 10% of adults and 30% of children and, in specific populations, can lead to severe illness and death. Although epidemiological surveillance on influenza patterns have been expanded since 2009, it is also imperative to observe specific trends for influenza immunization and treatment to inform and potentially prevent future outbreaks. The primary objective of this study was to describe influenza prevalence, immunization, and treatment among outpatients in the United States (US). Methods This was a cross-sectional study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Ambulatory and Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys from 2009 to 2016. All patient visits were eligible for inclusion, and prevalence rates were described as influenza visits per 1,000 patient visits. Patient visits were categorized by year, month, and US geographic region. Influenza vaccinations and treatments were defined by their respective Multum code(s) and diagnosis was identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10 codes for the appropriate survey years. Data were presented descriptively. Results Over 7 billion visits were included for analysis. Overall, influenza rates varied over the study period with the highest rate in 2009 (5.0) and lowest in 2015 (0.9). Immunization rates were highest in 2014 (25.4) and lowest in 2016 (12.5). The South had the highest influenza rates (3.6) and proportion of influenza visits that included treatment (45.6%), as well as the lowest immunization rates (17.6). The Northeast had the lowest influenza rate (1.5), while the West had the lowest proportion of influenza treatment (24.9%) and highest immunization rates (23.4). December and February had the highest rates of influenza (5.2 and 5.7, respectively), while rates of immunization were the highest in September and October (48.9 and 71.7, respectively). Conclusion Immunization rates were highest in the fall months and influenza rates were highest in the winter months. Overall, this study found that regions with lower influenza vaccination had higher influenza rates, and vice versa. Future campaigns should promote immunizations against the influenza virus particularly in underserved regions (e.g., South). Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Correlation Between Healthcare Workers' Knowledge of Influenza Vaccine and Vaccine Receipt

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Martinello ◽  
Laura Jones ◽  
Jeffrey E. Topal
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective:Influenza vaccine receipt by healthcare workers (HCWs) is important because HCWs are at risk for occupational exposure to influenza and may act as vectors in the nosocomial transmission of influenza. HCWs were surveyed to determine whether belief in commonly held influenza vaccine misconceptions was associated with influenza vaccine acceptance.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:A large urban teaching hospital.Method:A self-administered survey was used to assess nursing and physician staff influenza vaccine knowledge, current vaccination status, and potential reasons for vaccine declination.Results:Two hundred twelve of 215 surveys were completed. The overall influenza vaccination rate was 73%. Physician staff were significantly more likely to have been vaccinated compared with nursing staff (82% vs 62%, respectively; P = .0009). HCWs answering the 5 influenza vaccine basic knowledge questions correctly were significantly more likely to have been vaccinated than those responding incorrectly to any question (84% vs 64%, respectively; P = .002). This association was present in the nursing group where 80% of those answering the knowledge questions correctly were vaccinated, but only 49% of those answering incorrectly were vaccinated (P = .000005). However, in the physician group, there was no significant difference in the influenza vaccination rates between those answering correctly and those answering incorrectly (P = .459).Conclusion:Belief in commonly held influenza vaccine misconceptions was significantly associated with influenza vaccine declination among nursing staff and may act as a barrier to greater rates of influenza vaccination. Reasons for influenza vaccine nonreceipt may differ between nursing and physician staff.

scholarly journals Comparision Study On The Knowledge and Attitude Between Healthcare Workers Based On Educational materials of Nucleotie Based Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Emad Al Madadha ◽  
Khalid E. Ahmed ◽  
Rama Rayyan ◽  
Mamoun Ahram ◽  
Nancy Al-Sanouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background With the implementation of nucleotide-based vaccines (NBVs) in the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, a wide controversy surrounding NBVs has become a heated subject of debate, and it did not spare healthcare workers (HCW) and staff. HCW have a powerful influence on the acceptance of NBVs by the general public. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers regarding this new vaccine technology. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using an online survey involving health workers in Jordan. The survey assessed the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude about the safety and efficacy if NBVs. The study population was divided into two groups, educated and uneducated groups, whereby the former received a small educational pamphlet on NBVs. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare between the response of the two groups. Results A total of 330 health workers participated in this study. Respondents believed that RNA-based NBVs would be a safer option compared to DNA-based ones, with the educated group showing significant difference. The notion of NBVs being a form of gene therapy was more common among the educated group. The majority of the participants, particularly amongst the uneducated group, were concerned about undiscovered effects of NBVs. Respondents also agreed that NBVs must be reevaluated in phase 1 trials. As for efficacy, our study population agreed that these vaccines would prevent severe illness. Conclusions Although healthcare workers have positive knowledge and attitude towards NBVs, misconceptions and skepticism exist and must be addressed with more education efforts.

scholarly journals Exploring determinants of community pharmacist-led influenza vaccination in a Middle Eastern country: a national web-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal Youssef ◽  
Linda Abou-Abbas ◽  
Hamad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Utilizing community pharmacists (CPs) as immunizers has being adopted in various countries as approach to boost influenza vaccination coverage. Our study aims to explore the Lebanese CPs’ willingness to administer influenza vaccine, and to identify factors associated with this willingness. Methods This is a web-based, cross-sectional study, conducted over 2 months, from the 1st of November to the end of December 2020. Self-reported data were collected electronically from Lebanese CPs through an anonymous, questionnaire using google form. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine factors associated with the willingness of CPs to administer influenza vaccine. Results A total of 412 CPs participated in this survey of which 76.9% are willing to administer influenza vaccines. More than 90% of them had a good overall knowledge score and 88.8% of CPs showed a positive overall attitude score, particularly towards involvement of CPs in influenza vaccine provision. Their willingness to administer vaccine was positively associated with the younger age (aOR = 3.12 with 95% CI (1.597–4.040)), higher education level (aOR = 2.02 with 95% CI (1.093–3.741)), previous experience in immunization (aOR = 2.72 with 95% CI (1.320–5.627)) and urbanicity of pharmacy (aOR = 1.542 with 95% CI (1.219–4.627)). Extensive working hours (aOR = 2.34 with 95% CI (1.131–4.845)), working in pharmacies that are operating round-the-clock, showing positive attitude towards immunization (aOR = 3.01 with 95% CI (1.872–6.422)) and towards provision of influenza vaccines (aOR = 13.72 with 95% CI (13.721–38.507)) were also positively associated to this willingness. Conversely, patient privacy (aOR = 0.55 with 95% CI (0.079–0.983)), time and cost for professional development (aOR = 0.55 with 95% CI (0.172–0.918)), limited patient’s trust (aOR = 0.39 with 95% CI (0.203–0.784)), financial remuneration (aOR = 0.18 with 95% CI (0.088–0.377)), and requirement of formal certification in vaccine administration (aOR = 0.07 with 95% CI (0.020–0.279)) were negatively associated to this willingness. Conclusion Addressing the unearthed concerns related to utilizing CPs as influenza immunizers through a concerted effort is a key to success in any future implementation of vaccination services in pharmacies.

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