Insight into diatom frustule structures using various imaging techniques

Techniques for 3D mapping are maturing. At the same time the need for 3D data is increasing. This has pushed national (and regional) mapping agencies (NMAs) to consider extending their traditional task of providing topographic data into the third dimension. To show how research results in 3D mapping obtained over the past twenty years have been adopted by practice, this paper presents the ongoing work on 3D mapping within seven NMAs, all member of the 3D Special Interest Group of European Spatial Data Research (EuroSDR). The paper shows that some NMAs are still in the initial (experimental) phase of 3D mapping, while others have already built solid databases to maintain 2.5D and 3D topographic data covering their whole country.

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Capturing variation in floral shape: a virtual3D based morphospace for Pelargonium

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8823

Author(s):

Sara J. van de Kerke ◽

Tiemen van Engelenhoven ◽

Anne L. van Es ◽

Laura Schat ◽

Lisa M. van Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Studies ◽

Copy Number ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Shape Variation ◽

The Third ◽

Diverse Species ◽

Adequate Coverage ◽

Third Dimension ◽

African Genus

Background Variation in floral shapes has long fascinated biologists and its modelling enables testing of evolutionary hypotheses. Recent comparative studies that explore floral shape have largely ignored 3D floral shape. We propose quantifying floral shape by using geometric morphometrics on a virtual3D model reconstructed from 2D photographical data and demonstrate its performance in capturing shape variation. Methods This approach offers unique benefits to complement established imaging techniques (i) by enabling adequate coverage of the potential morphospace of large and diverse flowering-plant clades; (ii) by circumventing asynchronicity in anthesis of different floral parts; and (iii) by incorporating variation in copy number of floral organs within structures. We demonstrate our approach by analysing 90 florally-diverse species of the Southern African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). We quantify Pelargonium floral shapes using 117 landmarks and show similarities in reconstructed morphospaces for nectar tube, corolla (2D datasets), and a combined virtual3D dataset. Results Our results indicate that Pelargonium species differ in floral shape, which can also vary extensively within a species. PCA results of the reconstructed virtual3D floral models are highly congruent with the separate 2D morphospaces, indicating it is an accurate, virtual, representation of floral shape. Through our approach, we find that adding the third dimension to the data is crucial to accurately interpret the manner of, as well as levels of, shape variation in flowers.

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The Conversion of Saint Paul Series at the Courtauld: Rubens's Artistic Process Revealed by New Technical Discoveries

Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art ◽

10.5092/jhna.2021.13.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clare Richardson ◽

Kate Stonor

Keyword(s):

Creative Process ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Saint Paul ◽

Pragmatic Approach ◽

Peter Paul Rubens ◽

X Ray ◽

Artistic Process ◽

Technical Study ◽

Multi Mode ◽

Insight Into

The Courtauld Gallery has three works by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the Conversion of Saint Paul, all dated to ca. 1610–1612: a compositional drawing, an oil sketch, and a finished painting. The serendipitous survival of these works provides insight into Rubens’s creative process and has long been a topic of discussion for art historians. Recent technical study and improved imaging techniques have highlighted Rubens’s extremely fluid approach to the development of the design and revealed complex reworkings of all three compositions. These findings suggest a much longer gestation of these ideas than the 1610–1612 date proposed, and they cast light on Rubens’s broader working practice and his ceaseless striving for aesthetic perfection, combined with a pragmatic approach to the reuse and reworking of his compositions. Building on research done by E. Melanie Gifford, the complex changes revealed by X-ray; by infrared, transmitted, and raking light; and by microscopic examination can be explored using enhanced image tools and navigation. Readers can compare works of art with each other and with their technical images using the “IIIF multi-mode viewer” to better understand Rubens’s artistic exploration of ideas and aid their own research.

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Biological Activity of the Substrate-Induced Fibronectin Network: Insight into the Third Dimension through Electrospun Fibers

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/la9012203 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (18) ◽

pp. 10893-10900 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Dencho Gugutkov ◽

Cristina González-García ◽

José Carlos Rodríguez Hernández ◽

George Altankov ◽

Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Electrospun Fibers ◽

The Third ◽

Third Dimension ◽

Insight Into

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STATE-OF-THE-ART OF 3D NATIONAL MAPPING IN 2016

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-653-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B4 ◽

pp. 653-660

Author(s):

Jantien Stoter ◽

Bruno Vallet ◽

Thomas Lithen ◽

Maria Pla ◽

Piotr Wozniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

State Of The Art ◽

3D Mapping ◽

Experimental Phase ◽

The Third ◽

Topographic Data ◽

The Past ◽

3D Data ◽

Ongoing Work ◽

Third Dimension

Techniques for 3D mapping are maturing. At the same time the need for 3D data is increasing. This has pushed national (and regional) mapping agencies (NMAs) to consider extending their traditional task of providing topographic data into the third dimension. To show how research results in 3D mapping obtained over the past twenty years have been adopted by practice, this paper presents the ongoing work on 3D mapping within seven NMAs, all member of the 3D Special Interest Group of European Spatial Data Research (EuroSDR). The paper shows that some NMAs are still in the initial (experimental) phase of 3D mapping, while others have already built solid databases to maintain 2.5D and 3D topographic data covering their whole country.

Download Full-text

Capturing variation in floral shape; a virtual3D based morphospace for Pelargonium

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27867 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara J. van de Kerke ◽

Tiemen van Engelenhoven ◽

Anne van Es ◽

Laura Schat ◽

Lisa van Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copy Number ◽

3D Model ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Shape Variation ◽

The Third ◽

Diverse Species ◽

Adequate Coverage ◽

Third Dimension ◽

African Genus

Background. Variation in floral shapes has long fascinated biologists and its modelling enables testing of evolutionary hypotheses. Recent comparative studies that explore floral shape have largely ignored 3D floral shape. We propose quantifying floral shape by using geometric morphometrics on a 3D model based on 2D photographical data and demonstrate its performance in capturing shape variation. Methods. This approach offers unique benefits to complement established imaging techniques i) by enabling adequate coverage of the potential morphospace of large and diverse flowering-plant clades; (ii) by circumventing asynchronicity in anthesis of different floral parts; and (iii) by incorporating variation in copy number of floral organs within structures. We demonstrate our approach by analysing 90 florally-diverse species of the Southern African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). We quantify Pelargonium floral shapes using 117 landmarks and show similarities in reconstructed morphospaces for spur, corolla (2D datasets), and a combined 3D dataset. Results. Our results indicate that Pelargonium species differ in floral shape, which can also vary extensively within a species. PCA results of the reconstructed 3D floral models are highly congruent with the separate 2D morphospaces, indicating it is an accurate, virtual, representation of floral shape. Through our approach, we find that adding the third dimension to the data is crucial to accurately interpret the manner of, as well as levels of, shape variation in flowers.

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A Novel Interaction-based Methodology Towards Explainable AI with Better Understanding of Pneumonia Chest X-ray Images

10.21203/rs.3.rs-963338/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shaw-Hwa Lo ◽

Yiqiao Yin

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Image Data ◽

Prediction Performance ◽

Data Set ◽

X Ray ◽

Real World Application ◽

Explainable Ai ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

High Prediction ◽

Visualization Techniques

Abstract In the field of eXplainable AI (XAI), robust “black-box” algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are known for making high prediction performance. However, the ability to explain and interpret these algorithms still require innovation in the understanding of influential and, more importantly, ex-plainable features that directly or indirectly impact the performance of predictivity. A number of methods existing in literature focus on visualization techniques but the concepts of explainability and interpretability still require rigorous definition. In view of the above needs, this paper proposes an interaction-based methodology – Influence Score (I-score) – to screen out the noisy and non-informative variables in the images hence it nourishes an environment with explainable and interpretable features that are directly associated to feature predictiv-ity. We apply the proposed method on a real world application in Pneumonia Chest X-ray Image data set and produced state-of-the-art results. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed approach for more general big data problems by improving the explainability and in-terpretability without sacrificing the prediction performance. The contribution of this paper opens a novel angle that moves the community closer to the future pipelines of XAI problems.

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Capturing variation in floral shape; a virtual3D based morphospace for Pelargonium

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27867v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara J. van de Kerke ◽

Tiemen van Engelenhoven ◽

Anne van Es ◽

Laura Schat ◽

Lisa van Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copy Number ◽

3D Model ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Shape Variation ◽

The Third ◽

Diverse Species ◽

Adequate Coverage ◽

Third Dimension ◽

African Genus

Background. Variation in floral shapes has long fascinated biologists and its modelling enables testing of evolutionary hypotheses. Recent comparative studies that explore floral shape have largely ignored 3D floral shape. We propose quantifying floral shape by using geometric morphometrics on a 3D model based on 2D photographical data and demonstrate its performance in capturing shape variation. Methods. This approach offers unique benefits to complement established imaging techniques i) by enabling adequate coverage of the potential morphospace of large and diverse flowering-plant clades; (ii) by circumventing asynchronicity in anthesis of different floral parts; and (iii) by incorporating variation in copy number of floral organs within structures. We demonstrate our approach by analysing 90 florally-diverse species of the Southern African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). We quantify Pelargonium floral shapes using 117 landmarks and show similarities in reconstructed morphospaces for spur, corolla (2D datasets), and a combined 3D dataset. Results. Our results indicate that Pelargonium species differ in floral shape, which can also vary extensively within a species. PCA results of the reconstructed 3D floral models are highly congruent with the separate 2D morphospaces, indicating it is an accurate, virtual, representation of floral shape. Through our approach, we find that adding the third dimension to the data is crucial to accurately interpret the manner of, as well as levels of, shape variation in flowers.

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Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties and Crystal Structures of N-(2-Nitrobenzalidene)-2,4-dimethylaniline and N-(3-Nitrobenzalidene)- 2,4-dimethylaniline

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2007-1113 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 1437-1442 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aslı Karakaş ◽

Hüseyin Ünverb ◽

Ayhan Elmalı

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Photon Absorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Third Order ◽

X Ray ◽

Hartree Fock ◽

The Third ◽

Near Ir ◽

Zero Values ◽

Insight Into

N-(2-nitrobenzalidene)-2,4-dimethylaniline (1) and N-(3-nitrobenzalidene)-2,4-dimethylaniline (2) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Linear optical characteristics have been evaluated theoretically using the configuration interaction (CI) method. The maximum one-photon absorption (OPA) wavelengths of the studied compounds are shorter than 450 nm, giving rise to good optical transparency in the visible and near IR regions. To provide an insight into the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the title molecules, both dispersion-free (static) and frequency-dependent (dynamic) linear polarizabilities (α) and second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) at λ = 825 - 1125 nm and 1050 - 1600 nm wavelength ranges have been computed using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method. The ab initio computational results on (hyper)polarizabilities reveal that both compounds exhibit second hyperpolarizabilities with non-zero values, implying microscopic third-order NLO behavior.

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