scholarly journals Acute carbon monoxide poisoning with low saturation of carboxyhaemoglobin: a forensic retrospective study in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Hang Meng ◽  
Juntian Huang ◽  
Pascal Kwangwari ◽  
Kaijun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Group 1

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common cause of death, leading to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Features of the CO poisoning with low carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels remain to be characterized. This study collected a total of 307 CO poisoning cases from Shanghai Public Security Bureau, an official organization that handles the most complicated and life-threatening cases across Shanghai municipality in China, and regrouped these cases into three categories: group 1, 10% < COHb% < 30% (n = 58); group 2, 30% ≤ COHb% < 50% (n = 79); group 3, COHb% ≥ 50% (n = 170). Epidemiological, demographic, and forensic aspects of the CO poisoning cases, particularly those with low COHb levels, were analyzed. Our results showed that group 2 and 3 were mostly observed in younger victims (≤ 30 years), while group 1 equally distributed to all age groups (p = 0.03). All the CO poisoning from group 2 and 3 occurred in enclosed spaces, whereas cases from group 1 died additionally in outdoor spaces (p = 0.01). 81.03% of group 1 cases died in fire circumstances, while only 45.57% from group 2 and 30.59% from group 3 were fire-related (p = 0.00). Accordingly, group 1 was mostly related with fire burns, while group 2 or 3 were largely associated with gas leakage (p = 0.00). A combination with alcohol, but not other psychotropic drugs, associated with significant higher levels of blood COHb% in fire-unrelated (p = 0.021) but not fire-related cases (p = 0.23). Five extremely low COHb% (< 30%)-related poisoning deaths were negative of any cardiopulmonary pathology and psychoactive substances. In conclusion, CO poisoning with low COHb% significantly associates with fire circumstances and outdoor spaces and has no age preference. Further diagnostic markers mandates to be identified in order to avoid disputes in cases of extremely low COHb%-related poisoning.

Optimal Propofol Plasma Concentration during Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Young, Middle-aged, and Elderly Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiei Kazama ◽  
Ken Takeuchi ◽  
Kazuyuki Ikeda ◽  
Takehiko Ikeda ◽  
Mutsuhito Kikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Somatic Response ◽  
Group 1

Background Suitable propofol plasma concentrations during gastroscopy have not been determined for suppressing somatic and hemodynamic responses in different age groups. Methods Propofol sedation at target plasma concentrations from 0.5 to 4.0 microgram/ml were performed randomly in three groups of patients (23 per group) who were undergoing elective outpatient gastroscopy: ages 17-49 yr (group 1), 50-69 yr (group 2), and 70-89 yr (group 3). Plasma propofol concentration in which 50% of patients do not respond to these different stimuli were determined by logistic regression: verbal command (Cp50ls), somatic response to gastroscopy (Cp50endo), and gag response to gastroscopy (Cp50gag). Hemodynamic responses were also investigated in the different age groups. Results Cp50ls concentrations were 2.23 microgram/ml (group 1), 1.75 microgram/ml (group 2), and 1.40 microgram/ml (group 3). The Cp50endo values in groups 1 and 2 were 2.87 and 2.34 microgram/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than their respective Cp50ls values. Cp50endo value in group 3 was 1.64 microgram/ml, which was close to its Cp50ls value. Because of a high degree of interpatient variability, Cp50gag could not be defined. Systolic blood pressure response decreased with increasing propofol concentrations. Conclusions The authors determined the propofol concentration necessary for gastroscopy and showed that increasing age reduces it. Propofol concentration that suppresses somatic response induces loss of consciousness in almost all young patients.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Injury in Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Korea: 2011–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9132
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Park ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Won Cul Cha ◽  
Ik Joon Jo ◽  
Taerim Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prevention Potential ◽  
Group 1

Understanding age-specific injury patterns allows the continued improvement of prevention strategies. This is a retrospective study analyzing the Korea Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance data, including those aged ≤19 years old between January 2011 and December 2017. In this study, we focused on changes in the modes of injury and severity, and prevention potential by dividing the patients into four age groups: group 1 (0–4 years), group 2 (5–9 years), group 3 (10–14 years), and group 4 (15–19 years). The most common mode of injury in younger age groups 1 and 2 was a fall or slip. Most injuries in older age groups 3 and 4 were unintentional and intentional collisions combined. Traumatic brain injuries (2.1%), intensive care unit admissions (1.8%), and overall death (0.4%) were the highest in group 4. The proportions of severe and critical injury (EMR-ISS ≥ 25) were 7.5% in group 4, 3.2% in group 3, 2.5% in group 1, and 1% in group 2. This study presents a comprehensive trend of injuries in the pediatric population in South Korea. Our results suggest the importance of designing specific injury-prevention strategies for targeted groups, circumstances, and situations.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

Lumbar Plexus in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kirchmair ◽  
Birgit Enna ◽  
Gottfried Mitterschiffthaler ◽  
Bernhard Moriggl ◽  
Manfred Greher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Lumbar Plexus ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Paravertebral Region ◽  
Group 1

Background Pediatric regional anesthesia has gained increasing interest over the past decades. The current study was conducted to investigate the lumbar paravertebral region and the lumbar plexus at L3-L4 and L4-L5 by means of sonography to obtain fundamentals for the performance of ultrasound-guided posterior lumbar plexus blocks. Methods Thirty-two children (12 boys, 20 girls) with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were enrolled in the current study. The lumbar paravertebral region was visualized at L3-L4 and L4-L5 on two corresponding posterior sonograms (longitudinal, transverse). The lumbar plexus had to be delineated, and skin-plexus distances were measured. In a series of five pediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy, ultrasound-guided posterior lumbar plexus blocks at L4-L5 were performed. Results The children were stratified into three age groups (group 1: &gt; 3 yr and &lt;/= 5 yr; group 2: &gt; 5 yr and &lt;/= 8 yr; group 3: &gt; 8 yr and &lt;/= 12 yr). The lumbar plexus could be delineated at L3-L4 and L4-L5 in 19 of 20 cases in group 1, in 17 of 20 cases in group 2, in 22 of 24 cases at L3-L4 in group 3, and in 16 of 24 cases at L4-L5 in group 3. In all patients, the lumbar plexus was situated within the posterior part of the psoas major muscle. Skin-plexus distances showed statistical significant differences between groups 1 and 3 and between groups 2 and 3. The strongest positive correlation existed between skin-plexus distances and the children's weight. Ultrasound guidance enabled safe und successful posterior approaches to the lumbar plexus, thus resulting in effective anesthesia and analgesia of the inguinal region. Conclusions Sonography of the lumbar plexus in children proved to be feasible. Skin-plexus distances correlated with the children's weight rather than with their age. The sonographic findings were fundamental for the performance of successful ultrasound-guided posterior approaches in a small group of pediatric patients.

scholarly journals How safe are elective craniotomies in elderly patients in neurosurgery today? A prospective cohort study of 1452 consecutive cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ralph T. Schär ◽  
Shpend Tashi ◽  
Mattia Branca ◽  
Nicole Söll ◽  
Debora Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVEWith global aging, elective craniotomies are increasingly being performed in elderly patients. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the impact of these procedures on the geriatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the safety of elective craniotomies for elderly patients in modern neurosurgery.METHODSFor this cohort study, adult patients, who underwent elective craniotomies between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were allocated to 3 age groups (group 1, < 65 years [n = 1008], group 2, ≥ 65 to < 75 [n = 315], and group 3, ≥ 75 [n = 129]). Primary outcome was the 30-day mortality after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes included rate of delayed extubation (> 1 hour), need for emergency head CT scan and reoperation within 48 hours after surgery, length of postoperative intensive or intermediate care unit stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and rate of discharge to home. Adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) class, estimated blood loss, and duration of surgery were analyzed as a comparison using multiple logistic regression. For significant differences a post hoc analysis was performed.RESULTSIn total, 1452 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years) were included. The overall mortality rate was 0.55% (n = 8), with no significant differences between groups (group 1: 0.5% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 1.2%]; group 2: 0.3% [95% binominal CI 0.0%, 1.7%]; group 3: 1.6% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 5.5%]). Deceased patients had a significantly higher ASA PS class (2.88 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.62; difference 0.46 [95% CI 0.03, 0.89]; p = 0.036) and increased estimated blood loss (1444 ± 1973 ml vs 436 ± 545 ml [95% CI 618, 1398]; p <0.001). Significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative head CT scans (group 1: 6.65% [n = 67], group 2: 7.30% [n = 23], group 3: 15.50% [n = 20]; p = 0.006), LOS (group 1: median 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], group 2: 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], and group 3: 7 days [5; 9 days]; p = 0.001), and rate of discharge to home (group 1: 79.0% [n = 796], group 2: 72.0% [n = 227], and group 3: 44.2% [n = 57]; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSMortality following elective craniotomy was low in all age groups. Today, elective craniotomy for well-selected patients is safe, and for elderly patients, too. Elderly patients are more dependent on discharge to other hospitals and postacute care facilities after elective craniotomy.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01987648 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Comparisons of the BASIC-Memory and Learning Test and the WISC-IV Under Developmental Aspects

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Lepach ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Sören Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
School Type ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Matrix Reasoning ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Group 1

This study compares results of a new children memory and learning test, the BASIC-MLT and the latest Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth edition (WISC-IV) in a nonclinical German sample (N = 103). All participants were assessed with both instruments (order balanced). Pearson correlations were computed between subtest, scale and IQ scores from the intelligence scales and the scores from the BASIC-MLT separate for three defined age groups (Group 1: 6 to < 10 years, Group 2: 10 to < 13 years, Group 3: 13 to 16 years). Moderate to high correlations were found between Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and BASIC-MLT’s memory quotient (MQ). Referring to Siegler’s (1998 , 2004 ) memory theories the relations of reasoning (Matrix Reasoning), semantic knowledge (Vocabulary), working memory (Letter-Number Sequencing) and processing speed (Symbol Search) were focused for further investigation. Significant correlations can be found for Matrix Reasoning and MQ in Group 1 only. For Vocabulary significant correlations can be found in Group 2 (p < .05) and Group 3 (p < .01). Letter-Number Sequencing has significant correlations with MQ in all age groups and Symbol Search in none. Comparisons of t-mean deviations in scales and subtests showed no significant differences in Group 1 and only few significant differences for Group 2 and Group 3. Results of children above 10 years of age are influenced by school type.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age on Lignocaine Pharmacokinetics in Young Puppies

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Hastings ◽  
T. C. K. Brown ◽  
R. L. Eyres ◽  
R. C. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Eight mongrel puppies were studied at intervals of a few weeks. Lignocaine 4mg/kg was infused over 60 seconds. Frequent samples were taken over 30 minutes for plasma lignocaine assay. Initially the concentrations were significantly higher in the oldest group (178–191 days) but after 10 minutes the youngest group (3–16 days) had significantly higher levels than the other groups. Pharmacokinetic data derived included the rate constants k21, k12 (drug movement between two compartments), k10 (elimination from the central compartment), and the volume of distribution (Vβ). The elimination rate constant k10 was significantly lower in Group 1 (3–16 days) than all other groups and Group 2 (37–57 days) was lower than Group 4 (178–191 days). The calculated β half-life was significantly longer in the youngest group than the others. There was no significant difference in the volume of distribution between these age groups — up to 6 months.

The effect of age on the female reproductive tract of the hopping-mouse Notomys alexis

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Telfer ◽  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Group 1

The effect of age on the female reproductive system of N. alexis was investigated in the following age groups: (1) 2.5-6 months; (2) 1-2 years; (3) >2 years old. Oestrous cycle length was slightly reduced in group 2 females relative to group 1, but most group 3 females showed either constant dioestrus or constant oestrus. Body, ovarian and uterine weights all tended to increase with age, and Graafian follicles and corpora lutea were present in females in all groups although the latter were significantly fewer in group 3. Cytology of uterine epithelial cells of females in dioestrus indicated that numbers of microvilli in old animals were somewhat variable but generally decreased, some cells appearing almost devoid of them, whereas numbers of secondary lysosomes and multi-vesicular bodies tended to increase. The effect of these differences on possible infertility have, however, yet to be proved.

scholarly journals Effect of Age on Primary Balloon Dacryocystoplasty and Probing Success in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Dericioğlu ◽  
Mehmet Orkun Sevik ◽  
Sena Sümmen Saçu ◽  
Muhsin Eraslan ◽  
Eren Cerman
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To compare the success rates of balloon dacryocystoplasty (BDP) and probing as a primary procedure in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and investigate the effect of age on both procedures.Methods: A total of 135 patients (171 eyes) with simple or incomplete complex CNLDO were included in this retrospective study; complete complex CNLDO cases were excluded. The success rates for primary BDP (118 eyes) and for probing (53 eyes) were compared as overall and among the age groups; Group 1 (12–24 months old), Group 2 (25–36 months old), and Group 3 (> 36 months old).Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.5±27.2 months for primary BDP, and 21.8±10.8 months for probing (p<0.001). Overall success rates for primary BDP and probing were 81.1% (43/53) and 76.3% (90/118), respectively (p=0.481). Success rates for BDP and probing among age groups were, 93.8% and 85.3% in Group 1 (p=0.306), 93.3% and 50.0% in Group 2 (p=0.012), and 63.6% and 27.3% in Group 3 (p=0.052), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the median ages were 18 months for probing and 36 months for primary BDP. Poisson regression model showed that, for every one-month increase in patients’ age, the success rate of probing decreased by 9.7%.Conclusion: Probing success decreased to a point where different treatment options such as primary BDP can be discussed with the patient’s parents after 18 months of age. The success of BDP decreased after 36 months, while it maintained a high success rate between 24-36 months as primary treatment.

scholarly journals A symmetric hypocorrection of myopia by FemtoLASIK in patients with presbyopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Khodzhabekyan ◽  
A. T. Khandzhyan ◽  
E. P. Tarutta
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Hydration ◽  
Flap Thickness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: to evaluate the results of symmetric binocular hypocorrection of myopia with FemtoLasik surgery in patients with presbyopia of various age groups.Material and methods. 33 patients (66 eyes) with myopic refraction, aged 36 to 50, were operated by FemtoLasik. The intended Femto Flap thickness was 100 μm. The patients were divided into three groups depending on age; group 1 included 16 patients (32 eyes) aged 39–44, group 2 had 12 patients (24 eyes) aged 45–50, and group 3 (controls) was composed of 5 patients (10 eyes) of pre-presbyopic age (36–38 years).Results. The symmetric binocular hypocorrection proved efficient in 35 % of cases in the group 1 and 50 % of cases in group 2. In the control group the intended and obtained values coincided in all 100 % of cases.Conclusion. A possible cause of the discrepancy between the intended and the obtained hypocorrection effect may be a reduced corneal hydration of patients older than 39 years.

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