scholarly journals Evaluation of prophylactic efficacy of cinnamaldehyde in murine model against Paradendryphiella arenariae mycotoxin tenuazonic acid-induced oxidative stress and organ toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Kumari ◽  
Karuna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tenuazonic Acid ◽  
Defense Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzyme ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Sod Production

AbstractCinnamaldehyde (Cin) is a natural product obtained from cinnamon and is reported to have a potential anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effect. The present study investigated the possible protective role of Cin against tenuazonic acid-induced mycotoxicity in the murine model. Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a toxin produced by Alternaria is a common contaminant in tomato and tomato-based products. Here, Swiss male mice were administered with TeA isolated from Paradendryphiella arenariae (MW504999) (source-tomato) through injection (238 µg/kg BW) and ingestion (475 µg/kg BW) routes for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the prophylaxis groups were treated with Cin (210 mg/kg BW). The experiment was carried out for 8 weeks. The treated groups were compared to the oral and intra-peritoneal experimental groups that received the toxin solely for 8 weeks. Haematological, histopathological and biochemical aspects of the experimental and the control mice were analysed. Sub-chronic intoxication of mice with TeA showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) production; abnormal levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Treatment with Cin reversed TeA-induced alterations of antioxidant defense enzyme activities and significantly prevented TeA-induced organ damage. Thus, cinnamaldehyde showed therapeutic effects and toxicity reduction in TeA induced mycotoxicosis.

1,4-Dihydropyridine: A Dependable Heterocyclic Ring with the Promising and the Most Anticipable Therapeutic Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1219-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Prasoon Mishra ◽  
Ankit Bajpai ◽  
Awani Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Synthetic Medicinal

: Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds act as a scaffold and are the backbone of medicinal chemistry. Among all of the heterocyclic scaffolds, 1,4-Dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) is one of the most important heterocyclic rings that possess prominent therapeutic effects in a very versatile manner and plays an important role in synthetic, medicinal, and bioorganic chemistry. The main aim of the study is to review and encompass relevant studies related to 1,4-DHP and excellent therapeutic benefits of its derivatives. An extensive review of Pubmed-Medline, Embase and Lancet’s published articles was done to find all relevant studies on the activity of 1,4-DHP and its derivatives. 1,4-DHP is a potent Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) antagonist derivative which acts as an anti-hypertensive, anti- anginal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-cancer, anti-hyperplasia, anti-mutagenic, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-ulcer agent. From the inferences of the study, it can be concluded that the basic nucleus, 1,4-DHP which is a voltage-gated calcium ion channel blocker, acts as a base for its derivatives that possess different important therapeutic effects. There is a need of further research of this basic nucleus as it is a multifunctional moiety, on which addition of different groups can yield a better drug for its other activities such as anti-convulsant, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-microbial. This review would be significant for further researches in the development of several kinds of drugs by representing successful matrix for the medicinal agents.

Glycation and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Implication in Diabetes and Associated Complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Nabi ◽  
Sahir Sultan Alvi ◽  
Mohd. Saeed ◽  
Saheem Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Salman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Coa Reductase

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) acts as an absolute mediator of cardiovascular risk, prompting the prolonged occurrence, size and intricacy of atherosclerotic plaques via enhanced Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) formation. Moreover, hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced glyco-oxidized and oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) possessing greater atherogenicity and decreased the ability to regulate HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-R). Although aminoguanidine (AG) prevents the AGE-induced protein cross-linking due to its anti-glycation potential, it exerts several unusual pharmaco-toxicological effects thus restraining its desirable therapeutic effects. HMG-R inhibitors/statins exhibit a variety of beneficial impacts in addition to the cholesterol-lowering effects. Objective: Inhibition of AGEs interaction with receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and glyco-oxidized-LDL by HMG-R inhibitors could decrease LDL uptake by LDL-receptor (LDL-R), regulate cholesterol synthesis via HMG-R, decrease oxidative and inflammatory stress to improve the diabetes-associated complications. Conclusion: Current article appraises the pathological AGE-RAGE concerns in diabetes and its associated complications, mainly focusing on the phenomenon of both circulatory AGEs and those accumulating in tissues in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the potential protective role of HMG-R inhibitors against diabetic complications.

scholarly journals PPAR-γImpairment Alters Peroxisome Functionality in Primary Astrocyte Cell Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli ◽  
Matteo Zanardelli ◽  
Laura Micheli ◽  
Carla Ghelardini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Nadh:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Defense Enzyme ◽  
Primary Astrocyte ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzyme ◽  
Rat Astrocytes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Acyl Coenzyme A

Peroxisomes provide glial cells with protective functions against the harmful effects of H2O2on neurons and peroxisome impairment results in nervous lesions. Agonists of theγ-subtype of the Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated-Receptors (PPAR) have been proposed as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, the role of PPAR-γalterations in pathophysiological mechanisms and the relevance of peroxisome functions in the PPAR-γeffects are not yet clear. In a primary cell culture of rat astrocytes, the irreversible PPAR-γantagonist GW9662 concentration-dependently decreased the activity of catalase, the most important antioxidant defense enzyme in peroxisomes. Catalase functionality recovered in a few days and the PPAR-γagonist rosiglitazone promoted reversal of enzymatic damage. The reversible antagonist G3335 reduced both the activity and expression of catalase in a rosiglitazone-prevented manner. G3335 reduced also the glutathione reductase expression, indicating that enzyme involved in glutathione regeneration was compromised. Neither the PPAR-αtarget gene Acyl-Coenzyme-A-oxidase-1 nor the mitochondrial detoxifying enzyme NADH:ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (NDFUS3) was altered by PPAR-γinhibition. In conclusion, PPAR-γinhibition induced impairment of catalase in astrocytes. A general decrease of the antioxidant defenses of the cell suggests that a PPAR-γhypofunction could participate in neurodegenerative mechanisms through peroxisomal damage. This series of experiments could be a useful model for studying compounds able to restore peroxisome functionality.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in Atherosclerotic and Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Kishimoto ◽  
Kazuo Kondo ◽  
Yukihiko Momiyama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease, as well as an age-related disease. Excessive oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sestrin2 is an anti-oxidant protein that is induced by various stresses such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Sestrin2 is also suggested to be associated with aging. Sestrin2 is expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Sestrin2 plays an important role in suppressing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since sestrin2 is reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of atherosclerosis. Regarding the association between blood sestrin2 levels and atherosclerotic disease, the blood sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD or carotid atherosclerosis were reported to be high. High blood sestrin2 levels in patients with such atherosclerotic disease may reflect a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress and may help protect against the progression of atherosclerosis. This review describes the protective role of sestrin2 against the progression of atherosclerotic and cardiac diseases.

Nigella Sativa, as Preventive Strategy in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Mathur ◽  
Mahak Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The People ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Immune Booster ◽  
Difficult Times

: During the recent difficult times when the whole world is fighting the pandemic named COVID-19, a herbal home based spice, which can help the people improve their immunity and fight against this infection. Nigella Sativa has been named as a prophetic Spice, as it has many therapeutic effects. It is found to control diabetes, reduce high cholesterol levels, and serve as an antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti – informatory and an immune booster. The compound Thymoquinone can be responsible for enhancing immune system as it acts as an anti-oxidant and has an anti-inflammatory property. As various research has showed that to protect from Coronavirus, it is important not only to avoid human contact, but also to strengthen the Immune system. This paper is a review of various studies which prove that Nigella Sativa, can be beneficial in enhancing the immune system and thus fight COVID – 19.

A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Sarfraz ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
Bushra Nageen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Warm Temperate

: Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae) is a small decumbent and delicate appearing medicinal herb flourishing in warm temperate and tropical domains such as Pakistan and India. Main bioactive chemical constituents of Oxalis plant include several alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins along with steroids. Due to its polyphenolic, glycosides and flavonoid profile, it is proved to be protective in numerous ailments and exhibit various biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective. Moreover, bioactive phytochemicals from this plant possess significant wound healing potential. Our current effort intends to emphasize on the immense significance of this plant species, which have not been the subject matter of clinical trials and effective pharmacological studies, even though its favored usage has been stated. This review proposes that Oxalis corniculata possess potential for the cure of various diseases, however, further researches on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds along with pre-clinical trials are compulsory to figure out its pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals Betanin: a promising molecule for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5392-5399
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants with medicinal properties possess beneficial influences on health and disease. Different plant parts and extracts carry valuable active ingredients with pharmacological properties that lead to developing new drugs. Terminalia bellirica is among those plants that have been formulated as pharmaceutical products. This is attributed to its biologically active phenolics and tannins exhibiting analgesic, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, as well as, other pharmacological properties. Beetroot has been shown to be rich in nitrates with a positive impact on the cardiovascular system. Beetroot contains a number of useful ingredients as the free-radical scavenger ascorbic acid, the anti-inflammatory flavonoids and the anti-oxidant carotenoids. Moreover, beetroot is rich in the natural colorant betalains that are further classified into betacyanins and betaxanthins. Betanin, is one of the major constituents of beetroots that have been postulated to possess significant beneficial therapeutic effects in a number of conditions and diseases. However, several studies have demonstrated the relatively poor bioavailability of betanin upon oral administration. In the current review we aim to highlight some of the latest researches dealing with the therapeutic properties of betanin in different disease conditions, the possible mechanistic pathways beyond such beneficial effects and plausible strategies capable of enhancing its stability and bioavailability.

scholarly journals Granulocyte microvesicles with a high plasmin generation capacity promote clot lysis and improve outcome in septic shock

Blood ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Cointe ◽  
Loris Vallier ◽  
Pierre Esnault ◽  
Mathilde Dacos ◽  
Amandine Bonifay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Pai 1

Microvesicles (MVs) have previously been shown to exert profibrinolytic capacity, which is increased in patients with septic shock (SS) with a favorable outcome. We therefore hypothesized that the plasmin generation capacity (PGC) could confer to MVs a protective effect supported by their capacity to lyse a thrombus, and we investigated the mechanisms involved. Using a MV-PGC kinetic assay, ELISA and flow cytometry, we found that granulocyte MVs (Gran-MVs) from SS patients display a heterogeneous PGC profile driven by the uPA (urokinase)/uPAR system. In vitro, these MVs lyse a thrombus according to their MV-PGC levels in a uPA/uPAR-dependent manner, as shown in a fluorescent clot lysis test and a lysis front retraction assay. Fibrinolytic activators conveyed by MVs contribute to approximately 30% of the plasma plasminogenolytic capacity of SS patients. In a murine model of SS, the injection of high PGC Gran-MVs significantly improved mouse survival and reduced the number of thrombi in vital organs. This was associated with a modification of the mouse coagulation and fibrinolysis properties toward a more fibrinolytic profile. Interestingly, mouse survival was not improved when soluble uPA was injected. Finally, using a multiplex array on plasma from SS patients, we found that neutrophil elastase correlates with the effect of high-PGC-capacity plasma and modulates the Gran-MV plasmin generation capacity by cleaving uPA-PAI-1 complexes. In conclusion, we show that high PGC level displayed by Gran-MVs reduce thrombus formation and improve survival conferring to Gran-MVs a protective role in a murine model of sepsis.

scholarly journals A redox signature score identifies diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with a poor prognosis

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 3594-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Tome ◽  
David B. F. Johnson ◽  
Lisa M. Rimsza ◽  
Robin A. Roberts ◽  
Thomas M. Grogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Outcome Predictor ◽  
Defense Enzyme ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzyme ◽  
Large B Cell

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease in which approximately 40% of the patients respond well to current chemotherapy, but the prognosis for the other 60% is poor. The Leukemia/Lymphoma Molecular Profiling Project (LLMPP) used microarray technology to define a molecular profile for each of 240 patients with DLBCL and develop a molecular outcome predictor score that accurately predicted patient survival. Data from our laboratory and others suggest that alterations in antioxidant defense enzyme levels and redox environment can be oncogenic and affect the response to glucocorticoid treatment, one of the components of combination chemotherapy regimens for lymphoma. The goal of the current study was to reanalyze the LLMPP microarray data to determine whether the levels of antioxidant defense enzymes and redox proteins were correlated with prognosis in DLBCL. We found that patients with DLBCL with the worst prognosis, according to the outcome predictor score, had decreased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and VDUP1, a protein that inhibits thioredoxin activity. The data suggest that the patients with the worst prognosis combine a decrease in antioxidant defense enzyme expression with an increase in thioredoxin system function (the redox signature score).

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