scholarly journals Seasonal diets supersede host species in shaping the distal gut microbiota of Yaks and Tibetan sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Wei ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Fusheng Cheng ◽  
Hongmei Shi ◽  
Xuzheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractYaks and Tibetan sheep are important and renowned livestock of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Both host genetics and environmental factors can shape the composition of gut microbiota, however, there is still no consensus on which is the more dominant factor. To investigate the influence of hosts and seasons on the gut microbiome diversity component, we collected fecal samples from yaks and Tibetan sheep across different seasons (summer and winter), during which they consumed different diets. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, principal component analysis (PCoA) data showed that PCo1 explained 57.4% of the observed variance (P = 0.001) and clearly divided winter samples from summer ones, while PCo2 explained 7.1% of observed variance (P = 0.001) and mainly highlighted differences in host species. Cluster analysis data revealed that the gut microbiota composition displayed a convergence caused by season and not by genetics. Further, we profiled the gut microbial community and found that the more dominant genera in yak and Tibetan sheep microbiota were influenced by seasonal diets factors rather than genetics. This study therefore indicated that seasonal diet can trump host genetics even at higher taxonomic levels, thus providing a cautionary note for the breeding and management of these two species.

scholarly journals Seasonal diets overwhelm host species in shaping the gut microbiota of Yak and Tibetan sheep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Wei ◽  
Fusheng Cheng ◽  
Hongmei Shi ◽  
Xuzheng Zhou ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
And Function

AbstractHost genetics and environmental factors can both shaping composition of gut microbiota, yet which factors are more important is still under debating. Yak (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) are very different from the size and genetics. Nomadic Tibetan people keep them as main livestock and feeding them with same grazing systems, which provide a good opportunity to study the effects of diet and host species on gut microbiome. We collected fecal samples from yaks and Tibetan sheeps at different seasons when they were feed with different diets. Illumina data showed that major bacterial phyla of both animals are Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which agree with the previous reports. And the season effect had a higher impact on the gut microbiota than that of host species, though the animals are taxonomically distinguished each other at subfamily level. Since that the animal grazing differently at different seasons, this study indicated that diet can trump the host genetics even at higher taxonomic level. This finding provides a cautionary note for the researchers to link host genetics to the composition and function of the gut microbiota.ImportanceYak and Tibetan sheep are very different from the size and genetics (from different sub-family). Nomadic Tibetan people keep them as main livestock and feeding them with same grazing systems, which provide a good opportunity to study the effects of diet and host species on the gut microbiota. Results indicated that diet can trump the host genetics even at higher taxonomic level. This finding provides a cautionary note for the researchers to link host genetics to the composition and function of the gut microbiota.

Host genetics is associated with the gut microbial community membership rather than the structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1676-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihua Zhao ◽  
David M. Irwin ◽  
Dong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Community Membership ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

The issue of what factors shape the gut microbiota has been studied for years.

scholarly journals Predictable and host‐species specific humanization of the gut microbiota in captive primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
Jon G. Sanders ◽  
Anthony Denice ◽  
Andrew H. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Hao ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Haomeng Yang ◽  
Tao Tu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Sensory Profile of Chihuahua Cheese Manufactured from Raw Milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Villalobos-Chaparro ◽  
Erika Salas-Muñóz ◽  
Néstor Gutiérrez-Méndez ◽  
Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Chihuahua Cheese

Chihuahua cheese is a local artisanal cheese traditionally produced from raw milk. When this cheese is produced with pasteurized milk, cheesemakers complain that there are differences in taste and aroma as compared with traditional manufacturing. This work aimed to obtain a descriptive sensory analysis of Chihuahua cheese manufactured with raw milk under traditional conditions. Samples were collected in five cheese dairies at two different seasons (summer and autumn), and a Quantitative Descriptive Sensorial Analysis was done by a panel of trained judges. For aroma descriptors, cooked descriptor showed differences between dairies, and whey was different among dairies and sampling seasons (P<0.01); diacetyl, fruity (P<0.01), as well as free fatty acids, nutty and sulphur (P<0.05) descriptors varied between seasons. For flavour descriptors, bitter perception was different between dairies and seasons (P<0.01). Salty and creamy cheese was also different among dairies (P<0.01). A Principal Component Analysis for differences among dairies and sampling season demonstrated that the first three components accounted for 90% of the variance; variables were more affected by the sampling seasons than by the geographical location or if the dairy was operated by Mennonites. Chihuahua cheese sensorial profile can be described as a semi-matured cheese with a bitter flavour, slightly salted, and with a cream flavour, with aroma notes associated with whey and sour milk. Principal Component Analysis demonstrated season influence on flavour and aroma characteristics.

scholarly journals PSXV-13 Rumen fermentation and rumen microorganism enzymes activity of Oura-type Tibetan sheep in different seasons.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 470-470
Author(s):  
C Wang ◽  
J Wu ◽  
D Casper ◽  
X Lang ◽  
F Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Rumen Microorganism

scholarly journals Work-Life Balance in Higher Education for Women: Perspectives of Athletic Training Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Mazerolle ◽  
Jessica L. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Athletic Training Faculty ◽  
Training Faculty

Context: Women are largely underrepresented in science fields in academe, and most often issues with motherhood and career-life balancing are identified as reasons. In athletic training, career-life balancing has become the dominant factor in women leaving the field, as they feel they cannot fulfill the roles of mother, spouse, and athletic trainer adequately. Objective: To better understand the perceptions of women athletic training faculty members regarding balancing their roles in higher education and those outside of the workplace. Design: Interpretative phenomenological analysis study, with semistructured interviews. Setting: Higher education institutions sponsoring Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training programs. Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen (8 with children, 8 without children) women athletic training faculty participated. Ten were married at the time of the interview, 3 were single, 2 were engaged, and 1 was in the process of getting a divorce. Main Outcome Measure(s): Each participant completed a one-on-one interview with a researcher and all data were coded following interpretative phenomenological analysis. Data saturation was attained. We completed member checks, peer review, and researcher triangulation for credibility. Results: We found that motherhood was perceived to be a challenge and balancing the role of motherhood created conflict. Despite concerns for motherhood and balancing faculty roles, higher education was perceived to provide flexibility. Support networks and individual strategies were common to manage the responsibilities of faculty as well as nonfaculty roles. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that higher education cultivates a climate of balance through flexible workplace arrangements and that support networks are necessary to create role balancing in and out of the workplace. Finally, time management and organization are necessary for women to establish balance, regardless of roles outside of the workplace (eg, spouse, mother, friend).

scholarly journals Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lambert ◽  
M. Bigler ◽  
J. P. Steffensen ◽  
M. Hutterli ◽  
H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Core Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Soluble Calcium

Abstract. Ice core data from Antarctica provide detailed insights into the characteristics of past climate, atmospheric circulation, as well as changes in the aerosol load of the atmosphere. We present high-resolution records of soluble calcium (Ca2+), non-sea-salt soluble calcium (nssCa2+), and particulate mineral dust aerosol from the East Antarctic Plateau at a depth resolution of 1 cm, spanning the past 800 000 years. Despite the fact that all three parameters are largely dust-derived, the ratio of nssCa2+ to particulate dust is dependent on the particulate dust concentration itself. We used principal component analysis to extract the joint climatic signal and produce a common high-resolution record of dust flux. This new record is used to identify Antarctic warming events during the past eight glacial periods. The phasing of dust flux and CO2 changes during glacial-interglacial transitions reveals that iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during the past nine glacial terminations was not the dominant factor in the deglacial rise of CO2 concentrations. Rapid changes in dust flux during glacial terminations and Antarctic warming events point to a rapid response of the southern westerly wind belt in the region of southern South American dust sources on changing climate conditions. The clear lead of these dust changes on temperature rise suggests that an atmospheric reorganization occurred in the Southern Hemisphere before the Southern Ocean warmed significantly.

scholarly journals FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT KONSUMEN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN JASA TRANSPORTASI KRL / COMMUTER LINE DENGAN METODE ANALISIS FAKTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Besse Arnawisuda Ningsi ◽  
Ani Putriyani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Consumer Interest ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Determining Factor

The purpose of this study was to find out how many factors were formed through the reduction process, to determine which factors most dominantly influence consumer interest in using KRL Commuter Line transportation services, to find out how much influence the most dominant factors influence consumer interest in using KRL Commuter transportation services Line. In this study, the Factor Analysis method was used with principal component analysis techniques using SPSS software. 7 stages of factor analysis, namely: (1) formulating a problem, (2) Variable Interference Test, (3) forming a correlation matrix, (4) determining factor analysis methods, (5) extracting factors, (6) rotating factors, and (7) interpret factors. Based on the results of the study, the number of factors formed from the reduction process is 7 factors. Consisting of one factor (F1) with a correlation value of 0.608, factor two (F2) with a correlation value of -0.277, factor three (F3) with a correlation value of -0.246, factor four (F4) with a correlation value of 0.419, factor five (F5) with the correlation value is 0.716, factor six (F6) with a correlation value of -0.392, factor seven (F7) with a correlation value of 0.570. The most dominant factor affecting consumer interest in using KRL Commuter Line transportation services is factor five (F5) with a correlation value of 0.716 or 71.6%.

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