Traditional behavioural practices, the exchange of saliva and HHV-8 transmission in sub-Saharan African populations

INTRODUCTION: Oral cavity cancers are now a public health problem according to WHO epidemiological data. There are several risk factors or factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity but they vary according to geographic regions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity in Sub-Saharan African populations through a systematic literature review. METHODOLOGY: Using the data available for the period from January 1980 to December 2019, a synthesis of the literature was carried out. The literature localization strategy included an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases from 1980 to 2019 and a manual search of the list of references of articles identified by snowballing. The data were extracted independently by two researchers on an Excel© spreadsheet. Parameters collected from each study were author, country, type of study, period of study, size, age, gender, and factors studied. RESULTS: Out of 1,318 articles found, 24 were selected. The data contained 17,290 patients including 8,229 men, i.e. a male / female sex-ratio of 0.91. Factors studied were tobacco, alcohol, diet, infection, genetics and social factors. CONCLUSION: The results reported showed that several factors are associated with the occurrence of oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to conduct further studies with more structured methodologies for more convincing results.

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Estimating the timing of multiple admixture pulses during local ancestry inference

10.1101/314617 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Paloma Medina ◽

Bryan Thornlow ◽

Rasmus Nielsen ◽

Russell Corbett-Detig

Keyword(s):

Biological Process ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Populations ◽

Fundamental Biological Process ◽

Admixed Population ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Local Ancestry Inference ◽

Admixture Event

ABSTRACTAdmixture, the mixing of genetically distinct populations, is increasingly recognized as a fundamental biological process. One major goal of admixture analyses is to estimate the timing of admixture events. Whereas most methods today can only detect the most recent admixture event, here we present coalescent theory and associated software that can be used to estimate the timing of multiple admixture events in an admixed population. We extensively validate this approach and evaluate the conditions under which it can succesfully distinguish one from two-pulse admixture models. We apply our approach to real and simulated data of Drosophila melanogaster. We find evidence of a single very recent pulse of cosmopolitan ancestry contributing to African populations as well as evidence for more ancient admixture among genetically differentiated populations in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest our method can quantify complex admixture histories involving genetic material introduced by multiple discrete admixture pulses. The new method facilitates the exploration of admixture and its contribution to adaptation, ecological divergence, and speciation.

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. The Genetic Landscape of Sub-Saharan African Populations

Genomics and Health in the Developing World ◽

10.1093/med/9780195374759.003.0033 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 369-381

Author(s):

Himla Soodyall ◽

Carina M. Schlebusch

Keyword(s):

African Populations ◽

Genetic Landscape ◽

Sub Saharan

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Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Predicted 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Ghanaian Populations: the Research on Obesity and Diabetes in African Migrants (RODAM) Study

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (5) ◽

pp. 755-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Boateng ◽

Cecilia Galbete ◽

Mary Nicolaou ◽

Karlijn Meeks ◽

Erik Beune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

African Migrants ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

African Populations ◽

Ascvd Risk ◽

Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT Background Sub-Saharan African populations are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although diet is an important lifestyle factor associated with CVD, evidence on the relation between dietary patterns (DPs) and CVD risk among sub-Saharan African populations is limited. Objective We assessed the associations of DPs with estimated 10-y atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in Ghanaian adults in Ghana and Europe. Methods Three DPs (‘mixed’; ‘rice, pasta, meat, and fish’; and ‘roots, tubers, and plantain’) were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) based on intake frequencies obtained by a self-administered Food Propensity Questionnaire in the multi-center, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study. The 10-y ASCVD risk was estimated using the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) for 2976 subjects, aged 40–70 y; a risk score ≥7.5% was defined as ‘elevated’ ASCVD risk. The associations of DPs with 10-y ASCVD risk were determined using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results Stronger adherence to a ‘mixed’ DP was associated with a lower predicted 10-y ASCVD in urban and rural Ghana and a higher 10-y ASCVD in Europe. The observed associations were attenuated after adjustment for possible confounders with the exception of urban Ghana (prevalence ratio [PR] for Quintile 5 compared with 1: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.93, P-trend = 0.013). The ‘rice, pasta, meat, and fish’ DP was inversely associated with 10-y ASCVD across all study sites, with the adjusted effect being significant only in urban Ghana. A ‘roots, tubers, and plantain’ DP was directly associated with increased 10-y ASCVD risk. Conclusions Adherence to ‘mixed’ and ‘rice, pasta, meat, and fish’ DPs appears to reduce predicted 10-y ASCVD risk in adults in urban Ghana. Further investigations are needed to understand the underlying contextual-level mechanisms that influence dietary habits and to support context-specific dietary recommendations for CVD prevention among sub-Saharan African populations.

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