scholarly journals The effect of maternal smoking status, educational level and age on food and nutrient intakes in preschool children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 854-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Rogers ◽  
◽  
P Emmett
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals Parental suicide attempt and offspring educational attainment during adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2097-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geulayov ◽  
C. Metcalfe ◽  
D. Gunnell
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the impact of parental suicide attempt (SA) on offspring outcomes other than mental health. We investigated the association of parental SA with offspring educational attainment in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).MethodParental SA was prospectively recorded from pregnancy until the study children were 11 years old. National school test results (ages 11–16 years) were obtained by record linkage. Multilevel regression models quantified the association between parental SA and offspring outcomes.ResultsData were available for 6667 mother–child and 3054 father–child pairs. Adolescents whose mothers had attempted suicide were less likely than their peers to achieve the expected educational level by age 14 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.95] in models controlling for relevant confounders, including parental education and depression. At age 16 years, adolescents whose mothers had attempted suicide were less likely to obtain the expected educational level (five or more qualifications at grade A*–C) (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.00) in models controlling for relevant confounders and parental education; however, after additionally controlling for maternal depression the results were consistent with chance (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48–1.13). Findings in relation to paternal SA were consistent with those of maternal SA but power was limited due to lower response rate amongst fathers.ConclusionsMaternal SA was associated with diminished educational performance at age 14 years. Educational attainment during adolescence can have substantial effect on future opportunities and well-being and these offspring may benefit from interventions.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring DNA methylation across the lifecourse: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2201-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Richmond ◽  
Andrew J. Simpkin ◽  
Geoff Woodward ◽  
Tom R. Gaunt ◽  
Oliver Lyttleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals Factors associated with participation over time in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: a study using linked education and primary care data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Cornish ◽  
J Macleod ◽  
A Boyd ◽  
K Tilling
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Primary Care Data ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractBackgroundDropout from studies can lead to biased exposure-outcome estimates if the outcome is associated with continued participation, but this cannot be investigated using incomplete data. Linkage to external datasets provides a means of obtaining outcome – or proxy outcome - data on non-responders.MethodsWe examined the association between baseline socio-demographic factors and participation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We investigated whether child and adolescent outcomes measured in linked education and primary care data were associated with participation after accounting for baseline factors. To demonstrate the potential for bias, we examined whether the association between maternal smoking and these outcomes differed in the subsample who completed the 19-year questionnaire.ResultsLower levels of school attainment, lower GP consultation and prescription rates, higher BMI, special educational needs (SEN) status, not having an asthma diagnosis, depression and being a smoker were all associated with lower participation after adjustment for baseline factors. For example, adjusted odds ratio (OR) for participation comparing ever smokers (by 18 years) to non-smokers: 0.65, 95% CI (0.56, 0.75). The association of maternal smoking differed between the subsample of participants at 19 years and the entire sample, although differences were small and confidence intervals overlapped. For example: for SEN status OR=1.19 (1.06, 1.33) (all participants); OR=1.03 (0.79, 1.45) (subsample).ConclusionsLinkage to routine data provides a unique opportunity to compare continuing participators to those who drop out, and the impact this self-selection can have on results. Cohort studies should use linkage to routine data to explore participation and conduct sensitivity analyses.Key messagesEducational and health-related characteristics are strongly associated with ongoing participation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children after adjustment for detailed socio-demographic factors.This could bias analyses using the dataset, with bias dependent on the variables used in the analysis and their impact on participation.Linkage to routine data provides a means of assessing whether factors measured across the life course are associated with ongoing participation in observational studies and the potential impact of this in terms of bias.Researchers can use linkage to external sources of data to make informed decisions about the likely impact of selective participation and to guide their analyses.

scholarly journals Factors associated with participation over time in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: a study using linked education and primary care data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie P Cornish ◽  
John Macleod ◽  
Andy Boyd ◽  
Kate Tilling
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Care Data ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background In observational research, choosing an optimal analysis strategy when variables are incomplete requires an understanding of the factors associated with ongoing participation and non-response, but this cannot be fully examined with incomplete data. Linkage to external datasets provides additional information on those with incomplete data, allowing examination of factors related to missingness. Methods We examined the association between baseline sociodemographic factors and ongoing participation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We investigated whether child and adolescent outcomes measured in linked education and primary care data were associated with participation, after accounting for baseline factors. To demonstrate the potential for bias, we examined whether the association between maternal smoking and these outcomes differed in the subsample who completed the 19-year questionnaire. Results Lower levels of school attainment, lower general practitioner (GP) consultation and prescription rates, higher body mass index (BMI), special educational needs (SEN) status, not having an asthma diagnosis, depression and being a smoker were associated with lower participation after adjustment for baseline factors. For example, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for participation comparing ever smokers (by 18 years) with non-smokers was: 0.65, 95% CI (0.56, 0.75). The associations with maternal smoking differed between the subsample of participants at 19 years and the entire sample, although differences were small and confidence intervals overlapped. For example: for SEN status, OR = 1.19 (1.06, 1.33) (all participants); OR = 1.03 (0.79, 1.45) (subsample). Conclusions A range of health-related and educational factors are associated with ongoing participation in ALSPAC; this is likely to be the case in other cohort studies. Researchers need to be aware of this when planning their analysis. Cohort studies can use linkage to routine data to explore predictors of ongoing participation and conduct sensitivity analyses to assess potential bias.

scholarly journals Trimester effects of source-specific PM10 on birth weight outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Chen ◽  
Susan Hodgson ◽  
John Gulliver ◽  
Raquel Granell ◽  
A. John Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Residential History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) is associated with reduced birth weight, but information is limited on the sources of PM10 and exposure misclassification from assigning exposures to place of residence at birth. Methods Trimester and source-specific PM10 exposures (PM10 from road source, local non-road source, and total source) in pregnancy were estimated using dispersion models and a full maternal residential history for 12,020 births from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) cohort in 1990–1992 in the Bristol area. Information on birth outcomes were obtained from birth records. Maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. We used linear regression models for continuous outcomes (birth weight, head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) and logistic regression models for binary outcomes (preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW) and small for gestational age (SGA)). Sensitivity analysis was performed using multiple imputation for missing covariate data. Results After adjustment, interquartile range increases in source specific PM10 from traffic were associated with 17 to 18% increased odds of TLBW in all pregnancy periods. We also found odds of TLBW increased by 40% (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.75) and odds of SGA increased by 18% (OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.32) per IQR (6.54 μg/m3) increase of total PM10 exposure in the third trimester. Conclusion This study adds to evidence that maternal PM10 exposures affect birth weight, with particular concern in relation to exposures to PM10 from road transport sources; results for total PM10 suggest greatest effect in the third trimester. Effect size estimates relate to exposures in the 1990s and are higher than those for recent studies – this may relate to reduced exposure misclassification through use of full residential history information, changes in air pollution toxicity over time and/or residual confounding.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

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