The detection, treatment and control of high blood pressure in older British adults: cross-sectional findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and the British Regional Heart Study

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem and one of the public health threats with an increasing prevalence and burden. However, early diagnosis of this disease is challenging in Iran due to insufficient information. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and its predisposing factors in Yazd city, Iran. Patients and Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study using the recruitment phase data of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) collected during 2013-2014. Data of 3649 individuals, age 20-69 years were analyzed. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula and values less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were defined as CKD. Logistic regression was employed to determine the risk factors of CKD. Results: The mean age of participants was 46.0 ± 13.8 years and the overall prevalence of CKD was 6.6 percent (7.6% for women and 5.4% for men). The disease prevalence was 21.5% in the age group of 60-69 years. The prevalence of CKD had a significant relationship with older age, obesity, female gender, diabetes, high blood pressure and history of heart disease. Conclusion: CKD has a high prevalence in the population of this region of Iran. The most important modifiable risk factors for CKD included diabetes and high blood pressure. Therefore, the health system should strive for early detection of CKD in order to prevent morbidity and mortality of this disease.

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Sustained high blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Tanzanian adolescents

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87996-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mussa K. Nsanya ◽

Philip Ayieko ◽

Ramadhan Hashim ◽

Ezekiel Mgema ◽

Daniel Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Settings ◽

Education And Health ◽

Screening Algorithm ◽

Estimate Prevalence

AbstractEstimates for prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in Africa vary widely and few studies, if any, have documented the results of the recommended stepwise BP screening. In this cross-sectional study in Tanzania, we aimed to estimate prevalence of sustained high BP in 3 public secondary schools using the American Academy of Pediatrics BP screening strategy. On Day 1, one screening automated office BP (AOBP) measurement (Step 1) was followed by two more AOBP measurements (Step 2). Repeat AOBP measurements were obtained after about one month on adolescents with high AOBP measurements on Day 1 (Step 3). Participants with sustained high BP underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (step 4). Of all 500 enrolled participants, the prevalence of high blood pressure at each step in the process was 36.6% (183), 25.6% (128), 10.2% (51), and 2.6%(13) respectively for Steps 1–4. All except 6 students completed all 4 steps of the BP screening algorithm as indicated. We conclude that diagnosis of hypertension in African adolescents should use multiple AOBP measurements over multiple days followed by 24-h ABPM. Screening for high BP in school settings appears to be feasible and could provide a platform for cardiovascular disease education and health promotion.

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The effects of household income distribution on stroke prevalence and its risk factors of high blood pressure and smoking: a cross-sectional study in Saskatchewan, Canada

Perspectives in Public Health ◽

10.1177/1757913916657118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yelena Bird ◽

Mark Lemstra ◽

Marla Rogers

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Income Distribution ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Household Income ◽

Lower Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Adjustment ◽

Stroke Prevalence

Background: Stroke is a major chronic disease and a common cause of adult disability and mortality. Although there are many known risk factors for stroke, lower income is not one that is often discussed. Aims: To determine the unadjusted and adjusted association of income distribution on the prevalence of stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods: Information was collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada for 2000–2008. In total, 178 variables were analysed for their association with stroke. Results: Prior to statistical adjustment, stroke was seven times more common for lower income residents than higher income residents. After statistical adjustment, only four covariates were independently associated with stroke prevalence, including having high blood pressure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12–3.24), having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.88–3.29), being a daily smoker (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.16–1.58) and being physically inactive (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.13–1.43). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with high blood pressure prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.41–1.63). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with daily smoking prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.25–1.33). Conclusions: Knowledge of disparities in the prevalence, severity, disability and mortality of stroke is critically important to medical and public health professionals. Our study found that income distribution was strongly associated with stroke, its main disease intermediary – high blood pressure – and its main risk factor – smoking. As such, income is an important variable worthy of public debate as a modifiable risk factor for stroke.

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Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic disparities and high blood pressure in France: Results from a cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort

Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique ◽

10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. S368

Author(s):

L. Neufcourt ◽

S. Bayat ◽

F. Paillard ◽

M. Goldberg ◽

M. Zins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Socioeconomic Disparities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽

Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽

Deise Cristiane Moser ◽

Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽

Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

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High Blood Pressure prevention and control: from evidence to action

10.25100/cm.v49i2.3940 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Lena Barrera

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Latin American ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Middle Income ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Health Organization ◽

And Control

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) with the World Hypertension League has established the 17th May to promote the prevention and control of High Blood Pressure (HBP). Currently nearly 1.13 billion of adults suffer from HBP (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) worldwide. While HBP prevalence decreased in high income countries (HIC) between 1975 and 2015, the opposite trend was observed in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Particularly, in Latin American and Caribbean countries the prevalence decreased from 40.6% to 26.8% and from 26.8% to 19.4% for men and women between 45 to 49 years old respectively. However, in 2015, HBP accounted for 8.9 of the total of disability adjusted life years (DALYS) and was associated with 4.9 million, 2.0 million and 1.5 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke respectively. Therefore, HBP is the leading cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. In Colombia, the last National Health Survey reported a global prevalence of 22.8% and nearly 60% for those between 60 and 69 years in 2007

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Optimization of Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ddpcr) For Dna Copy Number Variation Analysis of Cnv Esv27061 in Young Adults with Higher Blood Pressure

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i1.1158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Radziah Shaik Alaudeen ◽

Aszrin Abdullah ◽

Azarisman Shah Mohd Shah ◽

Norlelawati Abdul Talib

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Copy Number Variation ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Copy Number ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dna Concentration ◽

Number Variation

Introduction: Copy number variation (CNV) caused by changes in DNA sequences of 1000 or more bases is implicated with susceptibility to common diseases. A study on CNV esv27061 among hypertensive Australian adults reported association with high blood pressure (BP). In Malaysia, no study on CNV among hypertensive young adults is available. Thus, this investigation aimed to assess the CNV esv27061 of young Malaysian adults with high blood pressure using optimized ddPCR. Materials and method: Ten samples each from hypertensive and healthy controls were randomly selected from samples collected for an on-going comparative cross-sectional research project among young adults living in Kuantan. The DNAs were purified using Maxwell RSC Buffy Coat DNA Kit and the concentration was measured using SimpliNano spectrophotometer. Subsequently, restriction digestion of DNAs by EcoRV was performed prior to ddPCR. The products were later subjected to droplet generation (QX100 Droplet Generator), PCR amplification and finally CNV was read by QX100 Droplet reader. Unfortunately, the above method did not yield any result. Thus, an alternative method in which purified DNA concentration was determined by QuantiFluor ONE dsDNA System (Quantus fluorometer). The DNAs (60 ng) and Alu1 were added in master mix during ddPCR and CNV esv27061 analysis was performed as stated above. Results: Optimization of method in this study showed that the detection of CNV esv27061 was possible by the use of more sensitive measurement of DNA concentration, Alu1 restriction enzyme instead of EcoRV and digestion in ddPCR reaction method rather than prior digestion. The finalized protocol run on selected hypertensive and healthy controls has shown to be reproducible and easily interpretable discrimination of gene's copy numbers. Conclusion: This optimized protocol for CNV esv27061 analysis proved useful in identifying CNV and will allow a reproducible assay evaluation and the application of this method to a bigger sample size.

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