scholarly journals DNA microarray analysis reveals that antibiotic resistance-gene diversity in human gut microbiota is age related

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Yongfei Hu ◽  
Liying Zhu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Yeshi Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

scholarly journals Expansion and persistence of antibiotic-specific resistance genes following antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Kang ◽  
Lejla Imamovic ◽  
Maria-Anna Misiakou ◽  
Maria Bornakke Sørensen ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Human Gut

Abstract Background. Oral antibiotics are commonly prescribed to non-hospitalized adults. However, antibiotic-induced changes on the human gut microbiome are often investigated in cohorts with pre-existing health conditions and/or concomitant medication, leaving the effects of antibiotics not completely understood.Results. We used a combination of omic approaches to comprehensively assess the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and particularly the gut resistome of a small cohort of healthy adults. We observed that 3 to 19 species per individual proliferated during antibiotic treatment and Gram-negative species expanded significantly in relative abundance. While the overall relative abundance of antibiotic resistance gene homologues did not significantly change, antibiotic-specific gene homologues with presumed resistance towards the administered antibiotics were common in proliferating species and significantly increased in relative abundance. Virome sequencing and plasmid analysis showed the expansion of antibiotic-specific resistance gene homologues even three months after antibiotic administration, while paired-end read analysis suggested their dissemination among different species.Conclusions. These results suggest that antibiotic treatment can lead to a persistent expansion of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota and provide further data in support of good antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Whole-genome analysis of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human gut microbiota reveals its origin and flexibility in transmitting mcr-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen Ding ◽  
Woei-Yuh Saw ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Don Kyin Nwe Moong ◽  
Niranjan Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractMultidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains that carry extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or colistin resistance gene mcr-1 have been identified in the human gut at an increasing incidence worldwide. In this study, we sampled and characterized MDR Enterobacteriaceae from the gut microbiota of healthy Singaporeans and show that the prevalence of ESBL-producing and mcr-positive Enterobacteriaceae is 26.6% and 7.3%, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of 37 E. coli isolates identified 25 sequence types and assigned them into six different phylogroups, suggesting that the human intestinal MDR E. coli strains are highly diverse. In addition, we found that E. coli isolates belonging to phylogroup D, B2 and F carry a higher number of virulence genes, whereas isolates of phylogroup A, B1 and E carry fewer virulence factor genes but are frequent carriers of florfenicol resistance gene floR and colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Comparison of the seven mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates revealed that mcr-1 is carried by conjugative plasmids or embedded in composite transposons, which could potentially mobilize mcr-1 to other pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae strains or MDR plasmids. Finally, we found that 12 out of the 37 MDR E. coli isolates in this study show high similarity to ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from raw meats from local markets, suggesting a potential transmission of MDR E. coli from meat products to the human gut microbiota. Our findings show diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of intestinal E. coli and call for better countermeasures to block the transmission of MDR E. coli via the food chain.ImportanceThe human gut can harbor both antibiotic resistant and virulent E. coli which may subsequently cause infections. In this study, the antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates from human gut microbiota of healthy subjects were investigated. The isolated E. coli strains carry a diverse range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence factor genes, are highly diverse to each other, and are likely to originate from raw meat products from the local markets. Of particular concern are seven E. coli isolates which carry colistin resistance gene mcr-1. This gene can be mobilized into other pathogens and MDR plasmids, thereby spreading resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin. Our findings also suggest that raw meat could serve as important source to transmit MDR bacteria into the human gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Metagenomics-Based Analysis of the Age-Related Cumulative Effect of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Gut Microbiota

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Xinqiang Xie ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Tingting Liang ◽  
Haojie Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Related

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a major global health problem. One of the main reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes is the human gut microbiota. To characterise these genes, a metagenomic approach was used. In this study, a comprehensive antibiotic resistome catalog was established using fecal samples from 246 healthy individuals from world’s longevity township in Jiaoling, China. In total, 606 antibiotic resistance genes were detected. Our results indicated that antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota accumulate and become more complex with age as older groups harbour the highest abundance of these genes. Tetracycline resistance gene type tetQ was the most abundant group of antibiotic resistance genes in gut microbiota, and the main carrier of antibiotic resistance genes was Bacteroides. Antibiotic efflux, inactivation, and target alteration were found to be the dominant antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. This research may help to establish a comprehensive antibiotic resistance catalog that includes extremely long-lived healthy people such as centenarians, and may provide potential recommendations for controlling the use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Expansion and persistence of antibiotic-specific resistance genes following antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Sommer ◽  
Kang Kang ◽  
Lejla Imamovic ◽  
Maria-Anna Misiakou ◽  
Maria Bornakke Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Human Gut

Abstract Background. Oral antibiotics are commonly prescribed to non-hospitalized adults. However, antibiotic-induced changes on the human gut microbiome are often investigated in cohorts with pre-existing health conditions and/or concomitant medication, leaving the effects of antibiotics not completely understood. Results. We used a combination of omic approaches to comprehensively assess the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and particularly the gut resistome of a small cohort of healthy adults. We observed that 3 to 19 species per individual proliferated during antibiotic treatment and Gram-negative species expanded significantly in relative abundance. While the overall relative abundance of antibiotic resistance gene homologs did not significantly change, antibiotic-specific gene homologs with presumed resistance towards the administered antibiotics were common in proliferating species and significantly increased in relative abundance. Virome sequencing and plasmid analysis showed the expansion of antibiotic-specific resistance gene homologs even three months after antibiotic administration, while paired-end read analysis suggested their dissemination among different species. Conclusions. These results suggest that antibiotic treatment can lead to a persistent expansion of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota and provide further data in support of good antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals MetaCherchant - an algorithm for analyzing genomic environment of antibiotic resistance gene in gut microbiota

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii I. Olekhnovich ◽  
Artem T. Vasilyev ◽  
Vladimir I. Ulyantsev ◽  
Alexander V. Tyakht
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Genomic Environment

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is an important global public health problem. Human gut human microbiota is an accumulator of resistance genes potentially providing them to pathogens. It is important to develop tools for identifying the mechanisms of how resistance is transmitted between gut microbial species and pathogens. We developed MetaCherchant - an algorithm for extracting the genomic environment of antibiotic resistance genes from metagenomic data in the form of a graph. The algorithm was validated on simulated datasets and applied to new "shotgun" metagenomes of gut microbiota from patients with Helicobacter pylori who underwent antibiotic therapy. Genomic context was reconstructed for several dominant resistance genes; taxonomic annotation of the context showed the species carrying the genes. Application of MetaCherchant in differential mode produced specific graph structures suggesting the evidence of possible resistance gene transmission within a mobile element that occurred as a result of the antibiotic therapy. MetaCherchant is a promising tool giving researchers an opportunity to get an insight into dynamics of resistance transmission in vivo based on metagenomic data.

scholarly journals The Potential of 2-aza-8-Oxohypoxanthine as a Cosmetic Ingredient

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Hisae Aoshima ◽  
Masayuki Ito ◽  
Rinta Ibuki ◽  
Hirokazu Kawagishi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Dna Microarray Analysis

In this study, we verified the effects of 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH) on human epidermal cell proliferation by performing DNA microarray analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, which measures mitochondrial respiration in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells. Gene expression levels were determined by DNA microarray analysis of 177 genes involved in skin aging and disease. AOH showed a significant increase in cell viability at concentrations between 7.8 and 31.3 μg/mL and a significant decrease at concentrations above 250 μg/mL. DNA microarray analysis showed that AOH significantly increased the gene expression of CLDN1, DSC1, DSG1, and CDH1 (E-cadherin), which are involved in intercellular adhesion and skin barrier functioning. AOH also up-regulated the expression of KLK5, KLK7, and SPIMK5, which are proteases involved in stratum corneum detachment. Furthermore, AOH significantly stimulated the expression of KRT1, KRT10, TGM1, and IVL, which are considered general differentiation indicators, and that of SPRR1B, a cornified envelope component protein. AOH exerted a cell activation effect on human epidermal cells. Since AOH did not cause cytotoxicity, it was considered that the compound had no adverse effects on the skin. In addition, it was found that AOH stimulated the expression levels of genes involved in skin barrier functioning by DNA microarray analysis. Therefore, AOH has the potential for practical use as a cosmetic ingredient. This is the first report of efficacy evaluation tests performed for AOH.

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