scholarly journals Metallothionein-like peptides involved in sequestration of Zn in the Zn-accumulating ectomycorrhizal fungus Russula atropurpurea

Metallomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Leonhardt ◽  
Jan Sácký ◽  
Pavel Šimek ◽  
Jiří Šantrůček ◽  
Pavel Kotrba
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Binding Peptides ◽  
Russula Atropurpurea

The first evidence of the existence of gene-encoded Zn-binding peptides that sequester a substantial portion of intracellular Zn in ectomycorrhizal fungi under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Cadmium-Responsive Thiols in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7413-7417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Courbot ◽  
Laurent Diez ◽  
Roberta Ruotolo ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
Pierre Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

ABSTRACT Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sustained metal tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi are largely unknown. Some of the main mechanisms involved in metal detoxification appear to involve the chelation of metal ions in the cytosol with thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, or metallothioneins. We used an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of thiol-containing compounds from cysteine and its derivatives (γ-glutamylcysteine, glutathione) to higher-molecular-mass compounds (phytochelatins). We found that glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine contents increased when the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus was exposed to cadmium. An additional compound with a 3-kDa molecular mass, most probably related to a metallothionein, increased drastically in mycelia exposed to cadmium. The relative lack of phytochelatins and the presence of a putative metallothionein suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi may use a different means to tolerate heavy metals, such as Cd, than do their plant hosts.

scholarly journals The Influence of Microfungi on the Mycelial Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Oh ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Young Woon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most valued ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique pine-like aroma; however, due to exceptionally slow growth of its mycelia in artificial conditions, its cultivation has been largely deemed as not possible. Previous studies have shown that some bacteria and a few Trichoderma species associated with pine mushroom promoted the growth of T. matsutake isolate, but this effect is relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the diversity of microfungi in the fairy ring of T. matsutake and their effect on the growth of T. matsutake isolate. From 184 fungal isolates, 28 species were identified based on suitable molecular markers. Penicillium was most frequently observed (16 species), followed by Trichoderma (4 species). Five Zygomycota species showed a high promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake while the effects of ascomycetes were mixed. The microfungi that promote the growth of T. matsutake can be useful for forest nursery and artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

Effect of three ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth and phosphorus uptake of Pinus silvestris seedlings at increasing phosphorus levels

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2753-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tyminska ◽  
F. Le Tacon ◽  
J. Chadoeuf
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The objective of this study was to determine the different effects of three ectomycorrhizal fungi (Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, and Thelephora terrestris) on the growth and mineral nutrition of Pinus silvestris at different levels of soluble phosphorus. Even a low intensity of infection by Laccaria laccata stimulated Pinus silvestris growth greatly. The ability of this ectomycorrhizal fungus to increase Pinus silvestris growth seemed to be more related to its capacity to produce growth substances than to its capacity to stimulate phosphorus uptake. The poor efficiency of Hebeloma crustuliniforme compared with Laccaria laccata at any level of phosphorus could result from differences in diversion of carbohydrates from the host to fungal structures.

Ectomycorrhizal synthesis with Alaskan Alnus tenuifolia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Brunner ◽  
F. Brunner ◽  
O. K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alnus Nepalensis ◽  
Hartig Net

The ability of Alnus tenuifolia to form ectomycorrhizae with potential ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Alnus tenuifolia seedlings raised in growth pouches were inoculated with Frankia to induce nodulation and then with a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. The fungi used were collected in nearly pure A. tenuifolia stands in Alaska or were found in Alnus nepalensis stands in Nepal. Five species of putative ectomycorrhizal symbionts of alders were tested. Alpova diplophloeus and Paxillus filamentosus formed both mantle and Hartig net. Cortinarius cf. saturninus developed a mantle but no Hartig net. Hebeloma cf. crustuliniforme and Gyrodon lividus developed neither mantle nor Hartig net. This is the first report of synthesis of P. filamentosus and C. cf. saturninus with Alnus. The ectomycorrhizal status of the genus Gyrodon is discussed, since in vitro synthesis has not yet been demonstrated. Synthesis with A. diplophloeus and H. crustuliniforme did not result in ectomycorrhizal formations with nonnodulated alder seedlings.

Phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lapeyrie ◽  
J. Ranger ◽  
D. Vairelles
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Solubilizing Activity

An easy to use method is presented here to compare and study the mineral phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This technique can discriminate between strains with differing phosphate-solubilizing activities. Synthetic mineral phosphates, crystalline or amorphous, were differentially solubilized by 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi. Natural crystalline phosphates studied do not seem to be solubilized by fungi under similar experimental conditions. Paxillus involutus 1 appears to be able to solubilize calcium phosphates using either ammonium or nitrate nitrogen, but the other isolates were able to effectively solubilize phosphate only in the presence of ammonium. This has implications regarding the possible mechanism used to solubilize phosphate by these isolates. Recrystallization can be seen in the culture medium if calcium ions are present. The type of crystals depends on the phosphate source and on the fungal strain. This technique is suitable for screening a large number of ectomycorrhizal strains. The significance of phosphate-solubilizing activity to plant growth stimulation needs to be determined by field trials. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungus, phosphate, solubilization.

scholarly journals AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR FLUID-DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATIONFOR THE CULTIVATION OF SHEAR STRESS SENSITIVEMICROORGANISMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio José Rossi ◽  
FX Nascimento ◽  
AJ Giachini ◽  
VL Oliveira ◽  
A Furigo Jr
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Airlift Bioreactor ◽  
External Loop ◽  
Airlift Bioreactors ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity

Airlift bioreactors are considered very efficient for aerobic cultivation of microorganisms. In particular, for the cultivation of filamentous fungi, where low shear rates may be required. In this context, the main aim of this study was to design an airlift bioreactor built with an external loop, adequate for biomass production of microbial organisms, including ectomycorrhizal fungi. A 5-L airlift bioreactor was constructed and experimental studies performed under an air-salt solution system (0.15 mol/L NaCl), in order to characterize the reactor´s fluid-dynamic in relation to the superficial gas velocity (Ug) in the range of 0.001 to 0.020 m/s. In order to evaluate the performance of the reactor, a preliminary assay was conducted with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogonnigrescens. Better gas separationreflected in better liquid circulation and higher oxygen transfer (0.0197 1/s at 1 vvm) when compared to an operating, 2.3-L prototype airlift. According to this study, volumetric coefficients for oxygen transfer (kLa) up to 0.020 1/s (specific airflow rates of 1.0 vvm) are sufficient to promote the growth of shear stress sensitive microorganisms, such as ectomycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on South Kalimantan Serpentine Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Hermawan ◽  
Witiyasti Imaningsih ◽  
Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Serpentine Soil ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Genus Identification ◽  
Manganese Chromium ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Serpentine soil contains highly heavy metals, such as manganese, chromium, cobalt, and nickel,which could bean inappropriate growthmediaofmostplants. Someplants thatfound able to grow optimally on South Kalimantan serpentine soil have been known to do association with ectomycorrhizal fungi. This research aimed to obtain and characterize mushrooms assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi indigenous South Kalimantan serpentine soil. This study used field exploration of fungal fruiting bodies and identified the genus based on morphological characters of fruiting bodies such as shape, size, and ornamentation, which are unique for the genus identification, then compared the characteristics on mushroomexpert.com. The mushrooms were also confirmed of genera assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi based on mycorrhizas.info. Seven fruiting bodies were obtained and classified as Cantharellus (Ct), Chlorophyllum (Ch1 and Ch2), Lycoperdon (Ly), Ramaria (Rm1 and Rm2), and Thelephora (Tp). The results showed that all of those fruiting bodies belong to Basidiomycetes. There were 4 genera of Cantharellus, Lycoperdon, Ramaria, and Thelephora, assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi. But Chlorophyllum genus was never reported as ectomycorrhizal fungus

scholarly journals Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated withEucalyptusin Africa and Madagascar

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ducousso ◽  
Robin Duponnois ◽  
Daniel Thoen ◽  
Yves Prin
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Putative Origin ◽  
Original Field ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Species Being

Use of the Australian genusEucalyptusin short rotation plantations in Africa and Madagascar has developed over the last century to such an extent that it is becoming the most frequently planted genus in Africa. In order to find ecologically well-adapted eucalypts, foresters have tested different species of various origins and the number of testedEucalyptusspecies now exceeds 150 in Africa. Due to the ability of eucalypts to naturally form ectomycorrhizae, even in the absence of any controlled introduction of compatible ectomycorrhizal fungal partners, their introduction in new ecosystems has direct consequences for ectomycorrhizal fungus communities. A bibliographical compilation, together with original field observations on putative ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with eucalypts in Africa and in Madagascar, has been drawn up in two lists: one for Africa and one for Madagascar where surprisingly high fungal diversity was observed. The level of diversity, the putative origin of the fungi, and their potential impact on native ectomycorrhizal fungi are discussed. The development of eucalypts plantations will inexorably lead to the increase of exotic fungal species being potentially invasive in the considered region.

Effect of aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid and aminoethoxyvinylglycine on ethylene production by ectomycorrhizal fungi

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rupp ◽  
H. E. DeVries II ◽  
K. W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Ethylene Formation

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene production in higher plants, does not inhibit methionine-induced ethylene production by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk. & Br. Aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid is not a precursor of ethylene formation by L. laccata or Hebeloma crustiliniforme.

Induction of basidiospore germination by gluconic acid in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma robustum

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Iwase
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Mycelial Culture

Basidiospore germination in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma robustum and related species Tricholoma matsutake, Tricholoma caligatum, and Tricholoma ponderosum was examined. Basidiospore germination in T. robustum was induced by the presence of conspecific mycelium but not by the mycelium of related species. Germination also occurred on conditioned medium prepared by preculturing with conspecific mycelium. Gluconic acid, which is produced by T. robustum, also induced basidiospore germination in that species. After storage at 5 °C, germination of basidiospores in T. robustum was stimulated by incubation with conspecific mycelium but not with gluconic acid. These findings suggest that gluconic acid is but one of perhaps many germination-inducing substances produced by the mycelium of T. robustum. Key words: basidiospore germination, ectomycorrhizal fungi, gluconic acid, mycelial culture, Tricholoma robustum.

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