The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2encapsulated in emulsions: an in vitro and in vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salvia-Trujillo ◽  
B. Fumiaki ◽  
Y. Park ◽  
D. J. McClements
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Lipid Droplet Size

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in some populations leading to adverse health effects, and therefore there is a need to supplement functional foods and beverages with this important micronutrient.

scholarly journals A15 VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PROMOTES INTESTINAL AUTOPHAGY DYSFUNCTION VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION INVOLVING MIR142-3P IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
D M Bronte-Tinkew ◽  
F Dang ◽  
A Hsieh ◽  
L H McGillis ◽  
I Verapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Particulate Matter and Nanoparticle Toxicology: A Review of theIn VivoandIn VitroStudies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Nemmar ◽  
Jørn A. Holme ◽  
Irma Rosas ◽  
Per E. Schwarze ◽  
Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) to adverse health effects, which may be registered as increased mortality and morbidity from various cardiopulmonary diseases. Despite the evidence relating PM to health effects, the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms causing such effects are still not fully characterized. Two main approaches are used to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity. One is the use ofin vivoexperimental models, where various effects of PM on respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems can be evaluated. To more closely examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the different physiological effects, the use of variousin vitromodels has proven to be valuable. In the present review, we discuss the current advances on the toxicology of particulate matter and nanoparticles based on these techniques.

Diet-induced vitamin D deficiency reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Stephen P Ashcroft ◽  
Gareth Fletcher ◽  
Ashleigh M Philp ◽  
Carl Jenkinson ◽  
Shatarupa Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Current Evidence

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with symptoms of skeletal muscle myopathy including muscle weakness and fatigue. Recently, vitamin D-related metabolites have been linked to the maintenance of mitochondrial function within skeletal muscle. However, current evidence is limited to in vitro models and the effects of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency upon skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo have received little attention. In order to examine the role of vitamin D in the maintenance of mitochondrial function in vivo, we utilised an established model of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were either fed a control diet (2200 IU/kg i.e. vitamin D replete) or a vitamin D-deplete (0 IU/kg) diet for periods of 1, 2 and 3 months. Gastrocnemius muscle mitochondrial function and ADP sensitivity were assessed via high-resolution respirometry and mitochondrial protein content via immunoblotting. As a result of 3 months of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency, respiration supported via complex I + II (CI + IIP) and the electron transport chain (ETC) were 35 and 37% lower when compared to vitamin D-replete mice (P < 0.05). Despite functional alterations, citrate synthase activity, AMPK phosphorylation, mitofilin, OPA1 and ETC subunit protein content remained unchanged in response to dietary intervention (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we report that 3 months of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in C57BL/6J mice. Our data, when combined with previous in vitro observations, suggest that vitamin D-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function may underlie the exacerbated muscle fatigue and performance deficits observed during vitamin D deficiency.

Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 4357-4367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loai Alzghoul
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with heterogeneous etiology. Vitamin D can function as a fat-soluble vitamin as well as a hormone, and can exert its effect through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the last decades, several studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and ASD. These studies demonstrated that low vitamin D status in early development has been hypothesized as an environmental risk factor for ASD. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in early life can alter brain development, dysregulates neurotransmitter balance in the brain, decreases body and brain antioxidant ability, and alters the immune system in ways that resemble pathological features commonly seen in ASD. In this review, we focused on the association between vitamin D and ASD. In addition, the above-mentioned mechanisms of action that link vitamin D deficiency with ASD were also discussed. Finally, clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation treatment of ASD have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andújar ◽  
Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Zafra-Gómez ◽  
Rodrigo ◽  
Álvarez-Cubero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.

scholarly journals Collagen synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of rachitic bone

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Paterson ◽  
P. Fourman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Deficiency Rickets

1. This paper reports studies on the metabolism of bone from normal chicks and from chicks with vitamin D-deficiency rickets. Both in vitro and in vivo there was an increased incorporation of [14C]proline into collagen hydroxyproline by rachitic bone. The proportion of the collagen that was soluble in cold salt solutions was greater with the rachitic bone. These results show that in rickets there is an increased synthesis of bone collagen, but they do not provide any evidence of a defect in the maturation of collagen. 2. Rachitic bone incubated aerobically in vitro consumed more glucose and released more lactate than normal bone. Bone from rachitic chicks treated with vitamin D 48hr. previously had rates of glycolysis that were nearly normal. Though we were unable to show any direct action of vitamin D in vitro, we consider that vitamin D probably has a direct action on bone, possibly related to matrix biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Signalling-Dependent Adverse Health Effects of Carbon Nanoparticles Are Prevented by the Compatible Solute Mannosylglycerate (Firoin) In Vitro and In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e111485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Autengruber ◽  
Ulrich Sydlik ◽  
Matthias Kroker ◽  
Tamara Hornstein ◽  
Niloofar Ale-Agha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mahesh Padukudru Anand ◽  
Kjell Larsson ◽  
Gunnar Johanson ◽  
Harish C. Phuleria ◽  
P. Veeranna Ravindra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Biomass Smoke ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies. Field visits were included in the workshop prior to discussing these issues. The workshop concluded that multi-disciplinary approaches to perform: (a) indoor and personalized exposure assessment; (b) clinical and epidemiological field studies among children, adolescents, and adults; (c) controlled exposure experiments using physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models to understand molecular patho-mechanisms are warranted to dissect BMS-induced adverse health effects. It was perceived that assessment of dietary exposure (like phytochemical index) may serve as an important indicator for understanding potential protective mechanisms. Well trained field teams and close collaboration with the participating hospital were identified as the key requirements to successfully carry out the study objectives.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Regulation of OX40 Ligand in Immune Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Lynn Hue Nguyen ◽  
Kong Chen ◽  
Jeremy Mcaleer ◽  
Jay K. Kolls
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Costimulatory Molecule ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ox40 Ligand ◽  
Th2 Responses

ABSTRACTOX40 ligand (OX40L) is a costimulatory molecule involved in Th2 allergic responses. It has been shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased OX40L expression in peripheral CD11c+cells and controls Th2 responses toAspergillus fumigatusin vitroin cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). To investigate if vitamin D deficiency regulated OX40L and Th2 responsesin vivo, we examined the effect of nutritional vitamin D deficiency on costimulatory molecules in CD11c+cells andA. fumigatus-induced Th2 responses. Vitamin D-deficient mice showed increased expression of OX40L on lung CD11c+cells, and OX40L was critical for enhanced Th2 responses toA. fumigatusin vivo. Inin vitroassays, vitamin D treatment led to vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding in the promoter region of OX40L and significantly decreased the promoter activity of the OX40L promoter. In addition, vitamin D altered NF-κB p50 binding in the OX40L promoter that may be responsible for repression of OX40L expression. These data show that vitamin D can act directly on OX40L, which impacts Th2 responses and supports the therapeutic use of vitamin D in diseases regulated by OX40L.

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