A novel approach of an infrared transparent Er:Y2O3–MgO nanocomposite for eye-safe laser ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
pp. 11096-11103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Jin Ma ◽  
Wook Ki Jung ◽  
Youngtae Park ◽  
Do Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Photoluminescence Spectrum ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Laser Ceramics ◽  
Novel Approach

Photoluminescence spectrum and energy levels of an Er:Y2O3–MgO nanocomposite.

scholarly journals Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry: Quantification of Human Enamel Apatite in Context for New Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kuczumow ◽  
Renata Chałas ◽  
Jakub Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Maciej Jarzębski
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
New Class ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Linear Profiles ◽  
Resistant Form ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Stable Core ◽  
Nanoscale Level

A series of linear profiles of the elements of the enamel in human molar teeth were made with the use of an electron microprobe and a Raman microscope. It is postulated that the enamel can be treated as the superposition of variable “overbuilt” enamel on the stable “core” enamel at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale level. The excessive values characterize the “overbuilt enamel”. All the profiles of excessive parameters along the enamel thickness from the enamel surface to the dentin enamel junction (DEJ) can be approximated very precisely with the use of exponential functions, where Ca, P, Cl and F spatial profiles are decaying while Mg, Na, K and CO32− ones are growing distributions. The “overbuilt” apatite formed on the boundary with DEJ, enriched in Na, Mg, OH and carbonates, reacts continuously with Ca, Cl and F, passing into an acid-resistant form of the “overbuilt” enamel. The apparent phases arriving in boundary regions of the “overbuilt enamel” were proposed. Microdiffraction measurements reveal relative variation of energy levels during enamel transformations. Our investigations are the milestones for a further new class of biomaterial and nanomaterial development for biomedical applications.

Detailed finer features in spectra of interfacial waves for characterization of a bubble-laden drop

2017 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 698-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udugama R. Sumanasekara ◽  
Sukalyan Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Small Deviation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Bond Number ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Arbitrary Location ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concentric Geometry

This article describes unexplored details of the intriguing spectral manifestation of the small-amplitude waves at the surfaces of a bubble-laden drop. Its natural frequencies of interfacial pulsation reveal a non-trivial variation with the position of the cavity inside the liquid. This configurational dependence of spectra is calculated for arbitrary location of the void by using a novel approach under low capillary number and low Bond number limits. The analysis is based on expansion in two sets of basis functions where their mutual transformations are utilized to enforce interfacial boundary conditions. The obtained results quantify a few important features which have both scientific and technological significance. For a concentric geometry, the inherent azimuthal degeneracy makes the frequencies for a number of vibrational modes exactly the same. For an eccentric position of the bubble, however, this degeneracy disappears, creating small deviations in the spectral values corresponding to different azimuthal modes. Such behaviour is akin to fine-structure split in an atomic system, where different quantum numbers ensure small deviation in energy levels of the states. The formulated mathematical procedure can determine the individual frequency values for the interfacial oscillation even if these are grouped closely together in bands. The paper shows how the number of fine structures inside a band and their specific values can be exploited to predict the size and position of the cavity in an opaque drop without any direct visualization of its interior.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Crystallographic Perfection and Photoluminescence Spectrum of the Epitaxial Films of (Si2)1-x(GaP)x 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 Solid Solution, Grown on Si and GaP Substrates with the Crystallographic Orientation (111)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. S. Saidov ◽  
D. V. Saparov ◽  
Sh.N. Usmonov ◽  
A. Kutlimratov ◽  
J.M. Abdiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Epitaxial Layer ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectrum ◽  
Gallium Phosphide ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Semiconductor Compounds

Epitaxial layers of the solid solution of molecular substitution (Si2)1-x(GaP)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) on Si (111) and GaP (111) substrates are grown by liquid-phase epitaxy from an Sn solution-melt. Such graded-gap solid solutions allow the integration of well-established silicon technology with the advantages of III-V semiconductor compounds. The structural features, the distribution of the atoms of the components over the thickness of the epitaxial layer, the photoluminescence spectrum of the (Si2)1-x(GaP)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solution, and the electroluminescence of the structure n-GaP-n+-(Si2)x (GaP)1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.01) have been investigated. It is shown that the layers of the solid solution have a perfect single-crystal structure with the crystallographic orientation (111), with the size of subcrystallites ∼ 39 ± 1 nm. The epitaxial layer (Si2)1-x(GaP)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is a graded-gap layer with a smoothly and monotonically varying composition from silicon to 100% GaP. The energy levels of atoms of Si2 molecules which are located 1.47 eV below the bottom of the conduction band of gallium phosphide are revealed. Red emission of n-GaP-n+-(Si2)x(GaP)1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.01) structure which is caused by electron transitions with participation of energy levels of Si2 atoms is detected.

A novel approach to evaluating the compaction control of soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Shimobe ◽  
Giovanni Spagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Compaction Energy

Soil compaction is an important operation during the construction of road embankments, railway subgrade, earth dams and compacted clay liners for waste disposal. Soil compaction is usually controlled based on the ratio of the dry density of the soil to the soil water content. However, this relationship presents problems in both the laboratory and in the field when using excess compaction energy levels in cohesive soils with a high natural water content, including differences in the compaction energy levels and a reduction in strength as a result of over-compaction. The compaction curve, which considered the compaction energy levels, is usually unknown in the field and the main factors influencing the stiffness and strength of compacted soils are the dry density and the degree of saturation. We show here compaction results for soils in terms of the dry density and degree of saturation and introduce the concept of an optimum compaction line.

scholarly journals Environment of Er Doped in a-Si:H and Its Relation with Photoluminescence Spectra

2006 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kumeda ◽  
Yoshitaka Sekizawa ◽  
Akiharu Morimoto ◽  
Tatsuo Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectrum ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
Stark Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Structural Fluctuation ◽  
Er Doped

AbstractThe crystal-field potential at the Er3+ ion surrounded by six oxygen ions is expanded in terms of polynomials. After converting it into equivalent angular momentum operators, the Stark-splitting of the 4I15/2 ground state of the Er3+ ion is calculated. Influence of the change in the environment of the Er3+ ion on the shift of the energy levels is investigated and compared with the observed Er photoluminescence spectrum in a-Si:H. The scattering of the calculated energy levels by the structural fluctuation around the Er3+ ion is also compared with the linewidth of the component photoluminescence lines.

Development of a donor polymer using a B ← N unit for suitable LUMO/HOMO energy levels and improved photovoltaic performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 8029-8035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Zhang ◽  
Zicheng Ding ◽  
Chuandong Dou ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Lixiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Homo Energy ◽  
Novel Approach

We report a novel approach to tune the LUMO/HOMO energy levels of polymer donors by replacing a C–C unit with a B ← N unit. The polymer containing a B ← N unit exhibits lower LUMO/HOMO levels and a narrower bandgap, leading to an improved photovoltaic performance.

Basicity or Ionicity – A New Approach for Understanding Glass Properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 39-40 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Adrian Volceanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Electronic Energy Levels ◽  
Major Adjustment ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Glass Properties

Basicity of glass is still a challenge in spite of various attempts to measure or calculate it. The values assigned for basicity of glasses, either calculated or experimentally determined, are not always in full agreement with actual facts, and discrepancies among the theoretical ones are not unusual. For instance, SiO2 is described by a single basicity value even if the polymorphs of SiO2 are quite different. Only few attempts were made to face this challenge. Present paper deals with a novel approach on theoretical ionicity / basicity based on electronic energy levels or band structure of solids. Another major adjustment takes into account the possibility of decomposing ionicity of complex chemical bondings into a sum of binary bondings. Considering the distribution of the interbonding angles specific for vitreous systems, it is possible to estimate both a local ionicity (basicity) of bondings and a global (mean) basicity of glass. The variation of basicity (ionicity) with temperature is also presented, this finding being able to open a new view on thermal history of glass considered through chemical character of bondings.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a 100% Global Renewable Energy System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Patrick Moriarty ◽  
Damon Honnery
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Business As Usual

Controversy exists as to whether renewable energy (RE) can provide for all the world’s energy needs. The purpose of this paper is to help resolve this vital question. Official forecasts see a resumption of a business-as-usual world after the pandemic-induced recession, with further economic growth out to at least 2050. The novel approach taken in this paper is to assume that such a world is fueled entirely with RE at global energy levels at or above those of today, and then to examine whether this scenario is feasible. Because the intermittent primary electricity sources, wind, and solar power, would have to supply nearly all this energy, a simplification made for this analysis is that they do supply 100% of all energy, including non-electrical energy needs. It is found that the energy that could be delivered by these two sources is much less than often assumed, for several reasons: The declining quality of inputs; the need for inclusion of uncounted environmental costs; the need for energy conversion and storage; and the removal of existing fossil fuel energy subsidies. It is concluded that a future world entirely fuelled by RE would necessarily be a lower-energy one.

Further studies of the enhanced nuclear magnet HoVO 4 - I. The crystal field and the Zeeman spectrum

1988 ◽  
Vol 416 (1850) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Field ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Tetragonal Symmetry ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Frequency ◽  
Crystal Field Parameters ◽  
Van Vleck ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel approach is adopted to fit the experimental results for the Van Vleck paramagnet HoVO 4 . Within the ground manifold 5 I 8 , J = 8, the five parameters for a crystal field of tetragonal symmetry are adjusted to give values in agreement with the optical spectrum for the lowest energy levels: the ground singlet, the first excited doublet at 21 cm -1 , and the (accidental) triplet at 47 cm -1 . Within experimental error (of order 1 cm -1 ), this agreement is not impaired by a small modification in which all the crystal field parameters are multiplied by a factor 1.0225. This factor is introduced to give the correct value of the enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance frequency for the stable isotope 165 Ho ( I = 7/2), known to 0.3% (Bleaney et al. Proc. R. Soc. Lond . A 362, 179 (1978)). The optical Zeeman effect, calculated therefrom, is in good agreement with that observed experimentally for the lowest levels in magnetic fields up to 15 T, directed along the [100], [110] and [001] axes (Battison et al. Phys. Lett . A 55, 173 (1975); J. Phys . C 10, 323 (1977)).

A Perturbation Theory for the Population of Atomic Energy Levels in Non-Lte Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
M. Klapisch
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
As Effects

AbstractA formal expansion of the CRM in powers of a small parameter is presented. The terms of the expansion are products of matrices. Inverses are interpreted as effects of cascades.It will be shown that this allows for the separation of the different contributions to the populations, thus providing a natural classification scheme for processes involving atoms in plasmas. Sum rules can be formulated, allowing the population of the levels, in some simple cases, to be related in a transparent way to the quantum numbers.

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