Conformational equilibria in o-anisic acid and its monohydrated complex: the prevalence of the trans-COOH form

For the first time the two linkage isomers of a Ru(ii) complex with 2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (cppH) have been fully characterized individually, both in solution and in the solid state.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities of the Ethanolic Extract of Daphne sericea Vahl Flowering Aerial Parts Collected in Central Italy

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11030379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Claudio Frezza ◽

Alessandro Venditti ◽

Daniela De Vita ◽

Fabio Sciubba ◽

Pierpaolo Tomai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Central Italy ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Pheophorbide A ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

First Time

In this paper, the first phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of Daphne sericea Vahl flowering aerial parts collected in Italy and its biological activities were reported. Eleven compounds were identified i.e., α-linolenic acid (1), tri-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol (2), pheophorbide a ethyl ester (3), pilloin (4), sinensetin (5), yuanhuanin (6), rutamontine (7), syringin (8), p-coumaric acid (9), p-anisic acid (10) and caffeic acid (11). To the best of our knowledge, compounds (1-4, 7-8 and 10) were isolated from D. sericea for the first time during this work, whereas sinensetin (5) represents a newly identified component of the entire Thymelaeaceae family. The extract was found to possess radical scavenging against both DPPH• and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) radicals, with at least a 40-fold higher potency against the latter. Moreover, chelating abilities against both ferrous and ferric ions have been highlighted, thus suggesting a possible indirect antioxidant power of the extract. Although the precise bioactive compounds remain to be discovered, the polyphenolic constituents, including phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids, seem to contribute to the antioxidant power of the phytocomplex. In addition, the extract produced cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB-231 and U87-MG cancer cell lines, especially at the concentration of 625 μg/mL and after 48–72 h. Further studies are required to clarify the contribution of the identified compounds in the bioactivities of the extract and to support possible future applications.

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Systematics of Some Reindeer Lichens (Cladonia Subg. Cladina) in the Southern Hemisphere

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282989000058 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 29-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. Ruoss ◽

T. Ahti

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Usnic Acid ◽

Acid Complex ◽

First Report ◽

Reindeer Lichens ◽

First Time

AbstractCladonia arbuscula subsp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Ruoss and C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss are reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere. Populations of C. arbuscula in New Zealand and Australia are recognized as subsp. stictica Ruoss, subsp. nov., usually containing stictic acid, norstictic acid (first report in subg. Cladina), and sometimes also the fumarprotocetraric acid complex. C. laevigata (Vainio) Gyelnik is reinstated in Cladonia subg. Cladina sect. Tenues, while C. stygia is considered to belong to sect. Crustaceae rather than to sect. Tenues. C. confusa R. Sant. is morphologically highly variable, although chemically uniform, usually containing usnic acid and perlatolic acid. An usnic acid-deficient chemodeme is reported as new to New Zealand.

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Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111094 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 196-197

Author(s):

J. Chakraborty ◽

A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽

J. S. Jhunjhunwala

Keyword(s):

Sertoli Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Present Report ◽

Cell Types ◽

Annulate Lamellae ◽

Spermatogenic Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Structural Details ◽

First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

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Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087847 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 706-707

Author(s):

M. Rühle ◽

J. Mayer ◽

J.C.H. Spence ◽

J. Bihr ◽

W. Probst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Magnetic Filter ◽

Magnetic Imaging ◽

Illumination System ◽

Probe Size ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Fritz Haber ◽

Koehler Illumination ◽

First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

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A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089093 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 956-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z.L. Wang ◽

J. Bentley ◽

R.E. Clausing ◽

L. Heatherly ◽

L.L. Horton

Keyword(s):

Diamond Films ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Growth Direction ◽

Dark Field ◽

Growth Surface ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

First Time ◽

Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

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A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144085 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 514-515

Author(s):

Shou-kong Fan

Keyword(s):

Transport Mechanism ◽

High Temperature Oxidation ◽

Transverse Section ◽

Al Alloy ◽

Metal Interface ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

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Direct imaging of charge transfer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165860 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 680-681

Author(s):

Yimei Zhu ◽

J. Tafto

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Scattering Amplitude ◽

High Temperature Superconductors ◽

Charge Carriers ◽

Image Charge ◽

Net Charge ◽

Long Time ◽

Electron Holes ◽

First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

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Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150162 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 866-867

Author(s):

S.J. Krause ◽

W.W. Adams

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Thermal Electron ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Beam Currents ◽

New Generation ◽

First Time ◽

Voltage Scanning ◽

Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

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Communication Sciences and Disorders PhD Graduates' Perceptions of Their PhD Program

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-19-00107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 463-478

Author(s):

Elizabeth Crais ◽

Melody Harrison Savage

Keyword(s):

Detailed Examination ◽

Career Expectations ◽

Doctoral Preparation ◽

Creative Solutions ◽

Phd Education ◽

Doctor Of Philosophy ◽

First Time ◽

Students Success ◽

Phd Program

Purpose The shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD)–level applicants to fill academic and research positions in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs calls for a detailed examination of current CSD PhD educational practices and the generation of creative solutions. The intended purposes of the article are to encourage CSD faculty to examine their own PhD program practices and consider the perspectives of recent CSD PhD graduates in determining the need for possible modifications. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 240 CSD PhD graduates and their perceptions of the challenges and facilitators to completing a PhD degree; the quality of their preparation in research, teaching, and job readiness; and ways to improve PhD education. Results Two primary themes emerged from the data highlighting the need for “matchmaking.” The first time point of needed matchmaking is prior to entry among students, mentors, and expectations as well as between aspects of the program that can lead to students' success and graduation. The second important matchmaking need is between the actual PhD preparation and the realities of the graduates' career expectations, and those placed on graduates by their employers. Conclusions Within both themes, graduate's perspectives and suggestions to help guide future doctoral preparation are highlighted. The graduates' recommendations could be used by CSD PhD program faculty to enhance the quality of their program and the likelihood of student success and completion. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11991480

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