scholarly journals The peroxisomal transporter gene ANT1 is regulated by a deviant oleate response element (ORE): characterization of the signal for fatty acid induction

2002 ◽  
Vol 365 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanspeter ROTTENSTEINER ◽  
Luigi PALMIERI ◽  
Andreas HARTIG ◽  
Barbara HAMILTON ◽  
Helmut RUIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lacz Reporter ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mutant Cells

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ANT1/YPR128c encodes the peroxisomal adenine nucleotide transporter that provides ATP for intra-peroxisomal activation of medium-chain fatty acids. A lacZ reporter construct comprising the ANT1 promoter was shown to be comparatively more highly expressed in a wild-type strain grown on oleic acid, a long-chain fatty acid, than in pip2Δoaf1Δ mutant cells that are defective in fatty acid induction. The ANT1 promoter was demonstrated to contain a deviant oleate response element (ORE) that could bind the Pip2p-Oaf1p transcription factor and confer activation on a basal CYC1-lacZ reporter gene. Expression of Ant1p as well as other enzymes whose genes are known to be regulated by a canonical ORE was found to be increased in cells grown on lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. We concluded that the signal for induction does not differentiate between long- and medium-chain fatty acids. This signal was independent of β-oxidation or the biogenesis of the peroxisomal compartment where this process occurs, since a pox1Δ strain blocked in the first and rate-limiting step of β-oxidation as well as various pex mutant cells devoid of intact peroxisomes produced sufficient amounts of Pip2p-Oaf1p for binding OREs in vitro and for expressing an ORE-driven reporter gene. The signal's durability was shown to be related to the concentration of fatty acids in the medium, since a pex6Δ strain expressed an ORE-driven reporter gene at high levels for a longer period than did isogenic wild-type cells. Generation of the signal was also independent of protein synthesis, as demonstrated by cycloheximide treatment.

scholarly journals Lipidomic and Proteomic Alterations Induced by Even and Odd Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Fibroblasts of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10556
Author(s):  
Khaled I. Alatibi ◽  
Stefan Tholen ◽  
Zeinab Wehbe ◽  
Judith Hagenbuchner ◽  
Daniela Karall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Medium-chain fatty acids (mc-FAs) are currently applied in the treatment of long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAOD) characterized by impaired β-oxidation. Here, we performed lipidomic and proteomic analysis in fibroblasts from patients with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD) and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHADD) deficiencies after incubation with heptanoate (C7) and octanoate (C8). Defects of β-oxidation induced striking proteomic alterations, whereas the effect of treatment with mc-FAs was minor. However, mc-FAs induced a remodeling of complex lipids. Especially C7 appeared to act protectively by restoring sphingolipid biosynthesis flux and improving the observed dysregulation of protein homeostasis in LCHADD under control conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of medium chain fatty acids on some botrytised wine-related yeast species and on spontaneous refermentation of Tokaj essence

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
B. Oláhné Horváth ◽  
E. Fazekas ◽  
N. Kellner ◽  
I. Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Medium chain fatty acids are candidates of partial sulphur dioxide replacement in wine, as a solution to the growing consumer concerns about chemical additives. In botrytised sweet wine specialties, large amount of sulphur dioxide addition is one of the effective practices to stop alcoholic fermentation. Increasing medium chain fatty acid levels up to 80 mg l-1 was tested as a sole inhibitor on solid agar surface. S. bacillaris seemed to be the most sensitive, S. cerevsisiae and S. bayanus were more tolerant, while Z. bailii showed the highest tolerance. Then, increasing medium chain fatty acid levels up to 40 mg l-1 combined with 100 mg l-1 sulphur dioxide was introduced into a Tokaj Essence under refermentation. After 56 days, the highest dosage had pronounced effect on the yeast population, but the refermentation was not inhibited completely. Medium chain fatty acids have varying inhibitory effect on botrytised wine-related yeasts, moreover, it could be used effectively in media with high ethanol content, unlike Tokaj Essence.

scholarly journals Identification of a Peroxisomal ATP Carrier Required for Medium-Chain Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Normal Peroxisome Proliferation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4321-4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo W. T. van Roermund ◽  
Roy Drissen ◽  
Marlene van den Berg ◽  
Lodewijk Ijlst ◽  
Ewald H. Hettema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peroxisomal Membrane ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Mutant Cells

ABSTRACT We have characterized the role of YPR128cp, the orthologue of human PMP34, in fatty acid metabolism and peroxisomal proliferation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. YPR128cp belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) of solute transporters and is localized in the peroxisomal membrane. Disruption of theYPR128c gene results in impaired growth of the yeast with the medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) laurate as a single carbon source, whereas normal growth was observed with the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oleate. MCFA but not LCFA β-oxidation activity was markedly reduced in intact ypr128cΔ mutant cells compared to intact wild-type cells, but comparable activities were found in the corresponding lysates. These results imply that a transport step specific for MCFA β-oxidation is impaired in ypr128cΔ cells. Since MCFA β-oxidation in peroxisomes requires both ATP and CoASH for activation of the MCFAs into their corresponding coenzyme A esters, we studied whether YPR128cp is an ATP carrier. For this purpose we have used firefly luciferase targeted to peroxisomes to measure ATP consumption inside peroxisomes. We show that peroxisomal luciferase activity was strongly reduced in intact ypr128cΔ mutant cells compared to wild-type cells but comparable in lysates of both cell strains. We conclude that YPR128cp most likely mediates the transport of ATP across the peroxisomal membrane.

scholarly journals Effect of ADY and YC on Concentration of Ruminal Medium Chain Fatty Acid, Lactic Acid, Ethanol and Relative Abundance of Bacteria in Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Chunyin Geng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two typical yeast preparation (ADY and YC) supplementation on the concentration of ruminal medium chain fatty acid, lactic acid, ethanol and the abundance of relative rumen bacteria in finishing beef cattle. The results showed that ADY supplementation significantly increased the concentration of caproate (C6:0) (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the content of total medium chain fatty acids (P = 0.094), while had no significant effect on concentration of caprylate (C8:0) and caprate (C10:0) (P > 0.1). YC supplementation did not show a significant effect on the content of total medium chain fatty acids and the concentration of individual volatile acids (P > 0.1); ADY supplementation significantly decreased the concentration of lactic acid (P < 0.05) and has a tendency to decrease the ethanol concentration (P = 0.057). YC did not affect significantly the concentration of lactic acid and ethanol (P > 0.1); Both ADY and YC supplementation significantly decreased relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens (P < 0.05) and increased relative abundance S. ruminantium (P < 0.05), and YC rather than ADY tended to increase relative abundance of S. bovis (P= 0.053). Furthermore, both ADY and YC did not show the significant effect on relative abundance of M. elsdenii and C. kluyveri (P > 0.1). These data suggested that there are significant differences between ADY and YC in the effects on rumen metabolites including MCFAs, ethanol and lactic acid, and increased concentration of caproate (C6:0) in rumen may be responsible for the increment of circulating ghrelin caused by ADY supplementation finishing bull. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effect of storage on fatty acid profile of butter from cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Paula Toshimi Matumoto Pintro ◽  
Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ground Flaxseed ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Eight Holstein cows with body weight 570 ± 43 kg and 60 ± 20 lactation days were distributed in a double Latin square design with four 21-day periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% on a dry matter basis) on fatty acid profile of butter stored for 15 and 45 days. Ground flaxseed supply, in comparison to whole flaxseed, reduced relative percentages of 16:0, cis7-16:1, 17:0, and cis10-17:1 but it increased those of cis9,trans11-18:2, cis3-18:3, and omega 3 fatty acids in butter fat, reducing relative percentage of medium-chain fatty acids and increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation with monensin increased relative percentages of cis9,trans11-18:2 and tended to increase relative percentage of 17:0 and decrease that of saturated fatty acids in butter. Butter from cows fed diet with monensin presented lower relative percentages of cis 6-20:4. Relative percentages of cis 9-16:1, cis10-17:1, 18:0, trans11-18:1, cis9-18:1, cis3-18:3, cis6-20:4 in butter stored for 15 days were higher than those stored for 45 days and the relative percentages of cis3-20:5 tended to decrease with the increase of storage period. As a result, relative percentages of saturated fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids increased with storage time, while those of monounsaturated and long-chain fatty acids decreased. Butter enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a shorter shelf life due to the negative effect of storage on fatty acid profile which may cause oxidation and rancidity.

scholarly journals PSVII-32 In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of short- and medium-chain fatty acid salts and their combinations against Streptococcus suis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Cinta Sol ◽  
Mónica Puyalto ◽  
Bernat Canal ◽  
Ana Maria Carvajal ◽  
Manuel Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of organic acid salts against six field isolates of Streptococcus suis. The three products evaluated were sodium salt of coconut fatty acids distillate (DIC) alone and two combinations with sodium butyrate (NaBut): DIC70:30, being 70% of NaBut protected with 30% of DIC; and DIC50:50, being 50% of NaBut protected with 50% of DIC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to estimate the MIC values for each product and strain by the broth microdilution method at pH 6.0. MBC values were also determined by sub-culturing supernatant from wells without evident bacterial growth. The values of MIC50/MBC50 were calculated as the concentration which inhibited/killed 50% of the isolates tested. The MIC50 showed DIC as the most effective (8 ppm) against S. suis followed by DIC50:50 (32 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). The MBC50 demonstrated a similar trend, DIC being the most effective (16 ppm) followed by DIC50:50 (64 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). It is well known that butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, coconut fatty acids distillate is a medium-chain fatty acid source (MCFA) rich in lauric acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Both products are generally available as salts to facilitate their application in feed. In this study, the results showed that DIC was the most effective against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, followed by DIC50:50 and DIC70:30, the sodium butyrate-based products. As expected, a higher concentration of MCFA in the tested product was associated with a higher inhibitory and bactericidal activity. Further studies would be required to better understand these interactions as well as in vivo studies to demonstrate the effects on microbial populations.

Effects of interesterified lipid design on the short/medium chain fatty acid hydrolysis rate and extent (in vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4166-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Acquistapace ◽  
Leena Patel ◽  
Amaury Patin ◽  
Elizabeth Forbes-Blom ◽  
Bernard Cuenoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Medium Chain

Short/medium chain fatty acids have well known health effects such as gut immune regulation and ketogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of adrenaline on ketogenesis from long- and medium-chain fatty acids in starved rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Sugden ◽  
D I Watts ◽  
C E Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Increase Blood Glucose

1. Injection of adrenaline into 24 h-starved rats caused a 69% decrease in blood [ketone-body] (3-hydroxybutyrate plus acetoacetate), accompanied by a decreased [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio. Blood [glucose] and [lactate] increased, but [alanine] was unchanged. 2. Adrenaline also decreased [ketone-body] after intragastric feeding of both long- and medium-chain triacylglycerol. The latter decrease was observed after suppression of lipolysis with 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, indicating that the antiketogenic action of adrenaline was not dependent on the chain length of the precursor fatty acid. 3. The actions of adrenaline to decrease blood [ketone-body] and to increase blood [glucose] were not observed after administration of 3-mercaptopicolinate, an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. This suggests that these effects of the hormone are related. 4. The possible clinical significance of the results is discussed with reference to the restricted ketosis often observed after surgical or orthopaedic injury.

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) concentrations in human milk consumed by infants born at different gestational ages and the variations in concentration during lactation stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Dai ◽  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Xinghe Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Huiya Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids (4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) are naturally occurring in human milk triacylglycerol and are present in highest amounts in mature full-term infant milk (1.47 ± 0.66 mg g−1 fat).

scholarly journals Long- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Insulin Resistance to a Similar Extent in Humans Despite Marked Differences in Muscle Fat Accumulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Hoeks ◽  
Marco Mensink ◽  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Kim Ekroos ◽  
Patrick Schrauwen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Context: Animal studies revealed that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), due to their metabolic characteristics, are not stored in skeletal muscle and may therefore not give rise to potentially hazardous lipid species impeding insulin signaling. Objective: We here hypothesized that infusion of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) in healthy lean subjects does not lead to ectopic fat accumulation and hence does not result in lipid-induced insulin resistance. Design and Methods: Nine healthy lean male subjects underwent a 6-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with simultaneous infusion of 1) a 100% long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) emulsion, 2) a 50/50% MCT/LCT emulsion, or 3) glycerol in a randomized crossover design. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after each clamp. Results: MCT/LCT infusion raised plasma free fatty acid levels to a similar level compared with LCT infusion alone. Despite elevated free fatty acid levels, intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG) levels were not affected by the MCT/LCT emulsion, whereas LCT infusion resulted in an approximately 1.6-fold increase in IMTG. These differences in muscle fat accumulation did not result in significant differences in lipid-induced insulin resistance between LCT (−28%, P = 0.003) and MCT/LCT (−20%, P &lt; 0.001). Total skeletal muscle ceramide content as well as lactosyl- and glucosylceramide levels were not affected by any of the interventions. In addition, the distribution pattern of all ceramide species remained unaltered. Conclusions: Although we confirm that MCFA do not lead to ceramide and IMTG accumulation in skeletal muscle tissue in humans, they do induce insulin resistance. These results indicate that, in humans, MCFA may not be beneficial in preventing peripheral insulin resistance.

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