Inositol lipid phosphatases in membrane trafficking and human disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 461 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Billcliff ◽  
Martin Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Channel Regulation ◽  
Lipid Phosphatases ◽  
Mitogenic Signalling ◽  
Inositol Phosphatases ◽  
Endocytic Pathways

The specific interaction of phosphoinositides with proteins is critical for a plethora of cellular processes, including cytoskeleton remodelling, mitogenic signalling, ion channel regulation and membrane traffic. The spatiotemporal restriction of different phosphoinositide species helps to define compartments within the cell, and this is particularly important for membrane trafficking within both the secretory and endocytic pathways. Phosphoinositide homoeostasis is tightly regulated by a large number of inositol kinases and phosphatases, which respectively phosphorylate and dephosphorylate distinct phosphoinositide species. Many of these enzymes have been implicated in regulating membrane trafficking and, accordingly, their dysregulation has been linked to a number of human diseases. In the present review, we focus on the inositol phosphatases, concentrating on their roles in membrane trafficking and the human diseases with which they have been associated.

Early endocytic Rabs: functional prediction to functional characterization.

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C Simpson ◽  
Arwyn T Jones
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Endocytic Pathways

Endocytic pathways are highly dynamic gateways for molecules to enter cells. Functionality and specificity is in part controlled by a number of small GTPases called Rabs. In defined cellular locations, Rabs mediate multiple functions in membrane trafficking via their specific interaction with organelle membranes and a host of affector and effector molecules. On endocytic pathways, Rabs have been shown to control the formation of vesicles on the plasma membrane and the downstream delivery of internalized molecules to a number of cellular locations. As numerous Rabs are located to endocytic pathways, an internalized molecule may traverse a number of Rab specific substations or subdomains en route to its final destination. Rabs 5, 21 and 22 have all been localized to the early endocytic pathway and have been shown to share a number of characteristics to merit their segregation into a single functional endocytic group. In this review, we compare experiments that describe similarities and differences in endosome morphology and function that is mediated by their expression in cells.

scholarly journals Interactions of Lipid Droplets with the Intracellular Transport Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Selma Yilmaz Dejgaard ◽  
John F. Presley
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lipid Phase Separation ◽  
Endocytic Pathways

Historically, studies of intracellular membrane trafficking have focused on the secretory and endocytic pathways and their major organelles. However, these pathways are also directly implicated in the biogenesis and function of other important intracellular organelles, the best studied of which are peroxisomes and lipid droplets. There is a large recent body of work on these organelles, which have resulted in the introduction of new paradigms regarding the roles of membrane trafficking organelles. In this review, we discuss the roles of membrane trafficking in the life cycle of lipid droplets. This includes the complementary roles of lipid phase separation and proteins in the biogenesis of lipid droplets from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, and the attachment of mature lipid droplets to membranes by lipidic bridges and by more conventional protein tethers. We also discuss the catabolism of neutral lipids, which in part results from the interaction of lipid droplets with cytosolic molecules, but with important roles for both macroautophagy and microautophagy. Finally, we address their eventual demise, which involves interactions with the autophagocytotic machinery. We pay particular attention to the roles of small GTPases, particularly Rab18, in these processes.

scholarly journals Modulation of Endosome Function, Vesicle Trafficking and Autophagy by Human Herpesviruses

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Eduardo I. Tognarelli ◽  
Antonia Reyes ◽  
Nicolás Corrales ◽  
Leandro J. Carreño ◽  
Susan M. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Host Determinants ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

Human herpesviruses are a ubiquitous family of viruses that infect individuals of all ages and are present at a high prevalence worldwide. Herpesviruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from skin and mucosal lesions to blindness and life-threatening encephalitis, and some of them, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), are known to be oncogenic. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that some herpesviruses may be associated with developing neurodegenerative diseases. These viruses can establish lifelong infections in the host and remain in a latent state with periodic reactivations. To achieve infection and yield new infectious viral particles, these viruses require and interact with molecular host determinants for supporting their replication and spread. Important sets of cellular factors involved in the lifecycle of herpesviruses are those participating in intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, as well as autophagic-based organelle recycling processes. These cellular processes are required by these viruses for cell entry and exit steps. Here, we review and discuss recent findings related to how herpesviruses exploit vesicular trafficking and autophagy components by using both host and viral gene products to promote the import and export of infectious viral particles from and to the extracellular environment. Understanding how herpesviruses modulate autophagy, endolysosomal and secretory pathways, as well as other prominent trafficking vesicles within the cell, could enable the engineering of novel antiviral therapies to treat these viruses and counteract their negative health effects.

scholarly journals Lysosomal Calcium Channels in Autophagy and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Xian-Ping Dong
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Intracellular Messenger

Ca2+ is pivotal intracellular messenger that coordinates multiple cell functions such as fertilization, growth, differentiation, and viability. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is regulated by both extracellular Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Apart from working as the cellular recycling center, the lysosome has been increasingly recognized as a significant intracellular Ca2+ store that provides Ca2+ to regulate many cellular processes. The lysosome also talks to other organelles by releasing and taking up Ca2+. In lysosomal Ca2+-dependent processes, autophagy is particularly important, because it has been implicated in many human diseases including cancer. This review will discuss the major components of lysosomal Ca2+ stores and their roles in autophagy and human cancer progression.

scholarly journals RNAseq shows an all-pervasive day-night rhythm in the transcriptome of the pacemaker of the heart

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Cali Anderson ◽  
Halina Dobrzynski ◽  
George Hart ◽  
Alicia D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Sick Sinus Syndrome ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Channel Regulation ◽  
Physiological Systems

AbstractPhysiological systems vary in a day-night manner anticipating increased demand at a particular time. Heart is no exception. Cardiac output is primarily determined by heart rate and unsurprisingly this varies in a day-night manner and is higher during the day in the human (anticipating increased day-time demand). Although this is attributed to a day-night rhythm in post-translational ion channel regulation in the heart’s pacemaker, the sinus node, by the autonomic nervous system, we investigated whether there is a day-night rhythm in transcription. RNAseq revealed that ~ 44% of the sinus node transcriptome (7134 of 16,387 transcripts) has a significant day-night rhythm. The data revealed the oscillating components of an intrinsic circadian clock. Presumably this clock (or perhaps the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus) is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptional machinery, which in turn is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptome. For example, there is a rhythm in transcripts responsible for the two principal pacemaker mechanisms (membrane and Ca2+ clocks), transcripts responsible for receptors and signalling pathways known to control pacemaking, transcripts from genes identified by GWAS as determinants of resting heart rate, and transcripts from genes responsible for familial and acquired sick sinus syndrome.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Calmodulinopathic Mutations on Neuronal Ion Channel Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 155a
Author(s):  
John W. Hussey ◽  
Emily DeMarco ◽  
Deborah DiSilvestre ◽  
Helene H. Jensen ◽  
Mette Nyegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channel ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Channel Regulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals First person – Magdalena Cardenas-Rodriguez

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (14) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
First Person ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Genetic Compensation ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Magdalena Cardenas-Rodriguez is first author on ‘ Genetic compensation for cilia defects in cep290 mutants by upregulation of cilia-associated small GTPases’, published in JCS. Magdalena is a research assistant in the lab of Jose Luis Badano at Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay, investigating the cellular processes that are altered in cilia-related human diseases.

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