Circulatory response to postural change in healthy male subjects in relation to age

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. A. Dambrink ◽  
W. Wieling
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Postural Change ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Male Subjects

1. The initial heart rate (HR) response evoked by standing up and 70° head-up tilt from the supine resting position, as well as the changes in HR and blood pressure after 1–2 min in the upright position, was analysed in teenage boys (aged 10–15 years) and healthy old men (aged 60–90 years). 2. Standing up induced a characteristic temporary HR increase that lasted 20 s and far exceeded the gradual initial HR rise induced by head-up tilt. The main effect of age on the initial HR transients was a definite diminution of the response. 3. After 1–2 min standing and tilting, young subjects showed a pronounced increase in HR and diastolic pressure with little change in systolic pressure. In contrast, old subjects showed a lesser increase in HR and diastolic pressure and a decrease in systolic pressure. A fall in systolic pressure of greater than 20 mmHg after 1 min of active standing was, however, not observed. 4. It is concluded that the circulatory adjustment to the stress of postural change differs markedly between young and elderly subjects. In healthy old subjects marked postural hypotension appears to be rare.

Exploring directionality in spontaneous heart period and systolic pressure variability interactions in humans: implications in the evaluation of baroreflex gain

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. H1777-H1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Nollo ◽  
Luca Faes ◽  
Alberto Porta ◽  
Renzo Antolini ◽  
Flavia Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
Young Subjects

Although in physiological conditions RR interval and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) are likely to interact in a closed loop, the traditional cross-spectral analysis cannot distinguish feedback (FB) from feedforward (FF) influences. In this study, a causal approach was applied for calculating the coherence from SAP to RR ( Ks-r) and from RR to SAP ( Kr-s) and the gain and phase of the baroreflex transfer function. The method was applied, compared with the noncausal one, to RR and SAP series taken from 15 healthy young subjects in the supine position and after passive head-up tilt. For the low frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz) spectral component, the enhanced FF coupling ( Kr-s = 0.59 ± 0.21, significant in 14 subjects) and the blunted FB coupling ( Ks-r = 0.17 ± 0.17, significant in 4 subjects) found at rest indicated the prevalence of nonbaroreflex mechanisms. The tilt maneuver recovered FB influences ( Ks-r = 0.47 ± 0.16, significant in 14 subjects), which were stronger than FF interactions ( Ks-r = 0.34 ± 0.19, significant in 9 subjects). At the respiratory frequency, the RR-SAP regulation was balanced at rest ( Ks-r = 0.30 ± 0.18 and Kr-s = 0.29 ± 0.20, significant in 11 and 8 subjects) and shifted toward FB mechanisms after tilt ( Ks-r = 0.35 ± 0.19 and Kr-s = 0.19 ± 0.11, significant in 14 and 8 subjects). The causal baroreflex gain estimates were always lower than the corresponding noncausal values and decreased significantly from rest to tilt in both frequency bands. The tilt-induced increase of the phase lag from SAP to RR suggested a shift from vagal to sympathetic modulation. Thus the importance of nonbaroreflex interactions pointed out the necessity of accounting for causality in the cross-spectral analysis of the interactions between cardiovascular variables in healthy humans.

Evidence of unbalanced regulatory mechanism of heart rate and systolic pressure after acute myocardial infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. H1200-H1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Nollo ◽  
Luca Faes ◽  
Alberto Porta ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Flavia Ravelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Young Subjects

The interactions between systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and R-R interval (RR) fluctuations after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were investigated by measures of synchronization separating the feedback from the feedforward control and capturing both linear and nonlinear contributions. The causal synchronization, evaluating the ability of RR to predict SAP (χs/t) or vice versa (χt/s), and the global synchronization (χ) were estimated at rest and after head-up tilt in 35 post-AMI patients, 20 young and 12 old. Significance and nonlinearity of the coupling were assessed by surrogate data analysis. Tilting increased the number of young subjects in which RR-SAP link was significant (from 17 to 19) and linear (from 11 to 18). In AMI, both significance and linearity of the coupling were low at rest (26 significant and 24 nonlinear) and further reduced after tilt (17 significant and 16 nonlinear). Old subjects showed a partial recovery of linearity after tilt (rest: 1 linear of 7 significant; tilt: 5 linear of 8 significant). In young subjects, the causal synchronization indexes were balanced and increased from rest (χt/s= 0.072 ± 0.037 and χs/t = 0.054 ± 0.028) to tilt (χt/s = 0.125 ± 0.071 and χs/t = 0.108 ± 0.053). On the contrary, in old subjects and AMI patients, the feedforward was prevalent to the feedback coupling at rest (old: χt/s = 0.041 ± 0.023 and χs/t = 0.069 ± 0.042; AMI: χt/s = 0.050 ± 0.030 and χs/t = 0.089 ± 0.053). Tilting blunted the unbalance in old subjects (χt/s = 0.065 ± 0.052 and χs/t = 0.069 ± 0.044) but not in AMI patients (χt/s = 0.040 ± 0.019 and χs/t = 0.060 ± 0.040). Thus, after AMI, nonlinear mechanisms are elicited in RR-SAP interactions. Furthermore, the neural regulation of the cardiovascular system resulted in imbalance as a consequence of impaired feedback and enhanced feedforward control mechanisms.

Cardiovascular regulation during head-up tilt in healthy 20–30-year-old and 70–75-year-old men

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. GABBETT ◽  
Shane B. WESTON ◽  
Rod S. BARRETT ◽  
Greg C. GASS
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Orthostatic Stress ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Finger Systolic Pressure

This study compared the heart rate, finger arterial pressure (AP) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected anti-gravity muscles during the initial and prolonged phases of orthostatic stress in healthy young and older men. Beat-by-beat recordings of heart rate, finger systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean AP were made during supine rest and 5 min of 90 ° head-up tilt (HUT) in 18 young (23±1 years) and 15 older (73±1 years) men. The EMG activity of the soleus, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscles was recorded. During the first 30 s following 90 ° HUT (immediate response), the young men exhibited significant (P < 0.05) decreases in finger systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean AP, followed by a sustained increase in finger AP during the 5 min following 90 ° HUT (prolonged response). The immediate and prolonged finger AP and diastolic pressure responses were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the values at supine rest for the older men. The mean root mean square EMG activity of the soleus, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscles during 90 ° HUT was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that at supine rest for either group. These results demonstrate that, when compared with healthy older men, young men show larger reductions in finger AP during the initial phase of orthostatic stress. However, during the prolonged phase of orthostatic stress, older men maintain resting finger AP, whereas young men demonstrate a reflex overshoot in finger AP. Finally, differences in lower-limb anti-gravity muscle activation do not account for the contrasting finger AP responses of healthy young and older men.

Influence of age on cardiovascular reflex response in anesthetized rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. R31-R38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Wei ◽  
D. Mendelowitz ◽  
N. Anastasi ◽  
J. W. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Postural Change ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Age Related

To test the hypothesis that aging is associated with an altered hemodynamic response to physiological (nonpharmacological) stimuli, such as postural change and intravascular volume perturbations, we studied the adult (A, 6 mo) and senescent (S, 24 mo) Fischer 344 rat, a mammalian aging model not influenced by atherosclerosis or hypertension. Special emphasis was placed on the afferent limb of the baroreceptor reflex arc, an area not previously studied with respect to age. The base-line heart rate (HR), systemic arterial pressure (SAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and carotid sinus nerve activity were not influenced by age. Following postural change (60 degrees upward tilt), the old animals demonstrated a greater drop in systolic pressure (-11 +/- 2, A; -21 +/- 4 mmHg, S; P less than 0.05), but there was no significant change in HR in either group. In response to a controlled withdrawal of 0.5 ml, the A had a greater reduction in systolic pressure (-29 +/- 4, A; -12 +/- 3 mmHg, S; P less than 0.01), whereas HR or PAP did not change; both groups showed a similar decrease in nerve activity. After infusions of 0.5 and 1.0 ml, the systolic and diastolic pressure changes were greater (P less than 0.02), and the changes in nerve activity appeared to be slightly more prolonged in the A compared with the S. Thus the response to changes in intravascular volume and posture are altered with age, and differences in volume-mediated venovasomotor reflex response may contribute to these age-related changes in the rat.

Haemodynamic Responses in Young and Elderly, Healthy Subjects during Ambient and Warm Head-up Tilt

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lye ◽  
Tom Walley
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Postural Hypotension ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Qualitative Responses

1. Postural hypotension is common in elderly people and is usually multifactorial in origin. In young subjects increased ambient temperature is associated with postural symptoms. We hypothesized that such increases in skin temperature due to the use of bed clothes might contribute to nocturnal postural hypotension in the elderly. We therefore studied haemodynamic responses to head-up tilt in healthy elderly and young subjects, with and without passive heating induced by covering with blankets. 2. Nine young (28.7 ± 1.5 years; mean ± S.E.M.) and nine elderly (71.9 ± 1.8 years) subjects were studied. All had been carefully screened to exclude factors likely to affect responses to tilt. All subjects underwent a standard head-up tilt procedure at ambient room temperature while haemodynamic responses were monitored. The subjects were then covered in blankets for 55 min and the tilt repeated. Skin temperature before the second tilt had increased from approximately 32.5 °C to approximately 35.2 °C (P < 0.001). 3. The elderly subjects maintained higher blood pressures throughout both tilts (P < 0.001) and both groups showed similar qualitative responses to tilt. Supine heart rates were higher in the elderly group (P < 0.01) with a tendency to increase more in the young group in response to tilt, especially while warm (P = 0.370). Stroke volumes and cardiac indices were consistently higher in the young group who showed larger changes during both head-up tilts. In both groups the haemodynamic responses to ambient and warm tilt were essentially the same. 4. Healthy elderly subjects, who are carefully screened to exclude individuals with cardiovascular pathology, respond to head-up tilt in the same qualitative fashion as young subjects. Quantitative responses in older subjects are ‘damped’. Short-term natural body warming does not impair the reflexes in young or old subjects.

scholarly journals Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Race-Related Health Disparities

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Megan Phillips ◽  
Anna Fouty ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu ◽  
Thangiah Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Disparities between the races have been well documented in health and disease in the USA. Recent studies show that telomere length, a marker of aging, is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. The current study aimed to evaluate the connection between telomere length ratio, blood pressure, and childhood obesity. The telomere length ratio was measured in 127 children from both European American (EA) and African American (AA) children, aged 6–10 years old. AA children had a significantly high relative telomere to the single copy gene (T/S) ratio compared to EA children. There was no significant difference in the T/S ratio between normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) groups of either race. Blood pressure was significantly elevated in AA children with respect to EA children. Hierarchical regression analysis adjusted for race, gender, and age expressed a significant relationship between the T/S ratio and diastolic pressure. Low T/S ratio participants showed a significant increase in systolic pressure, while a high T/S ratio group showed an increase in diastolic pressure and heart rate of AA children. In conclusion, our findings show that AA children have high T/S ratio compared to EA children. The high T/S ratio is negatively associated with diastolic pressure.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents the Age-Related Shifts of the Distribution of HDL Subclasses and Improves Their Functionality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Alyann Otrante ◽  
Amal Trigui ◽  
Roua Walha ◽  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Tamas Fulop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) maintain cholesterol homeostasis through the role they play in regulating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver for elimination. However, RCT can be altered in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as aging, which contributes to the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake on the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL, and to elucidate on the mechanisms by which EVOO intake improves the anti-atherogenic activity of HDL. A total of 84 healthy women and men were enrolled and were distributed, according to age, into two groups: 27 young (31.81 ± 6.79 years) and 57 elderly (70.72 ± 5.6 years) subjects. The subjects in both groups were given 25 mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for 12 weeks. CEC was measured using J774 macrophages radiolabeled with tritiated cholesterol ((3H) cholesterol). HDL subclass distributions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint® system. The HDL from the elderly subjects exhibited a lower level of CEC, at 11.12% (p < 0.0001), than the HDL from the young subjects. The CEC of the elderly subjects returned to normal levels following 12 weeks of EVOO intake. An analysis of the distribution of HDL subclasses showed that HDL from the elderly subjects were composed of lower levels of large HDL (L-HDL) (p < 0.03) and higher levels of small HDL (S-HDL) (p < 0.002) compared to HDL from the young subjects. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between CEC and L-HDL levels (r = 0.35 and p < 0.001) as well as an inverse correlation between CEC and S-HDL levels (r = −0.27 and p < 0.01). This correlation remained significant even when several variables, including age, sex, and BMI as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose levels (β = 0.28, p < 0.002, and β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were accounted for. Consuming EVOO for 12 weeks modulated the age-related difference in the distribution of HDL subclasses by reducing the level of S-HDL and increasing the level of intermediate-HDL/large-HDL (I-HDL/L-HDL) in the elderly subjects. The age-related alteration of the CEC of HDL was due, in part, to an alteration in the distribution of HDL subclasses. A diet enriched in EVOO improved the functionality of HDL through an increase in I-HDL/L-HDL and a decrease in S-HDL.

scholarly journals POS1288 TUBERCULOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS IN ELDERLY: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL, FEATURES, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 926.1-926
Author(s):  
M. Mrabet ◽  
S. Boussaid ◽  
S. Jemmali ◽  
H. Sahli ◽  
H. Ajlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Normocytic Anemia ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis

Background:Tuberculosis is still endemic all over the world. The incidence of tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) is steadily increasing. Clinical features and outcomes of this affection are various and depending on various parameters, including age.Objectives:Our objective was to explore the differences in presentation and the results of further investigations and the prognosis of TS between young and elderly subjects.Methods:We conduct a retrospective and descriptive study in a single rheumatology department. Data were collected from files of patients hospitalized in the past 20 years (2000-2020) who have been diagnosed with TS. We carried out a comparative study concerning the clinical biological, imaging features and outcomes between young subjects and subjects aged over 65 years.Results:Fifty-two cases of TS were collected (37F/15M). The mean age of the population was 55.21 years ± 17.79 [19-91]. Thirty-three patients (69.2%) were classified as young versus 16 elderly patients (30.8%), with female predominance in both groups (69.4% and 75% respectively, p = 0.57). Young subjects was more frequently vaccinated (88.9%) by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (p < 0.001). A delayed diagnosis was noted in both groups (p = 0.24). Lumbar spine involvement was the most common (57.7%). In the two age ranges, the onset of the disease was progressive (p = 0.22), characterized by segmental spine stiffness (p = 0.57) and lumbar pain with general signs (p = 0.27), such as: impaired general condition, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Biological inflammatory syndrome and normochrome normocytic anemia were encountered in both cases (p = 0.08 and p = 0.2, respectively). Standard X-rays and Computed tomography were more performed in young subjects (94.4% and 69.4%, respectively; p < 0.001), unlike magnetic resonance imaging which was more common in elderly subjects but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.22). Disc pinch, erosion of vertebral plateaus and vertebral collapse were the major signs (82.7%, 65.4% and 67.3%, respectively). Clinical, biological and imaging arguments contributed to positive diagnosis in both groups (p = 0.24). Common medical treatment was anti-tuberculosis: Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E) and physical treatment such as immobilization witch was more common in the eldery (56.3%, p = 0.16). The evolution of the disease was characterized by a clear improvement of young subjects during the second week of treatment (p < 0.001). A more frequent clinical improvement in older subjects was during the fourth week but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.13). The occurrence of immediate complications was more frequent in the elderly (p = 0.23) with a predominance for drug complications (56.3%) such as: hepatic cytolysis (12.5%), hyperuricemia (18.8%) and major intolerance to anti-tuberculosis (18.8%).Conclusion:TS is a frequent condition that needs to be treated rapidly. the clinical presentation of TS in the elderly is less noisy which leads to more frequent complications and mortality.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

REDUCED PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS IN RESPONSE TO VASOVAGAL HYPOTENSION AND HEAD-UP TILT

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSE ANNE KENNY ◽  
CALUM C. LYON ◽  
JOHN BAYLISS ◽  
STAFFORD L LIGHTMAN ◽  
RICHARD SUTTON
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Head Up Tilt

Diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, or pulse pressure?

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalambos Vlachopoulos ◽  
Michael O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure
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