scholarly journals Potential role of perivascular adipose tissue in modulating atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Ahmadieh ◽  
Ha Won Kim ◽  
Neal L. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Abstract Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly juxtaposes the vascular adventitia and contains a distinct mixture of mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, stem cells, and inflammatory cells that communicate via adipocytokines and other signaling mediators with the nearby vessel wall to regulate vascular function. Cross-talk between perivascular adipocytes and the cells in the blood vessel wall is vital for normal vascular function and becomes perturbed in diseases such as atherosclerosis. Perivascular adipocytes surrounding coronary arteries may be primed to promote inflammation and angiogenesis, and PVAT phenotypic changes occurring in the setting of obesity, hyperlipidemia etc., are fundamentally important in determining a pathogenic versus protective role of PVAT in vascular disease. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the role of perivascular adipocytes in modulating vascular function. However, their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in humans, is yet to be fully elucidated. This review will highlight the complex mechanisms whereby PVAT regulates atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on clinical implications of PVAT and emerging strategies for evaluation and treatment of CVD based on PVAT biology.

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muller ◽  
C. Goettsch ◽  
H. Morawietz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Different Sources

SummaryThis review focuses on the role of vascular oxidative stress in the development and progression of endothelial dysfunction. We discuss different sources of oxidative stress in the vessel wall, oxidative stress and coagulation, the role of oxidative stress and vascular function in arteries and veins, the flow-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, the putative impact of oxidative stress on atherosclerosis, the interaction of angiotensin II, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and clinical implications.

Identification of Piezo1 Channels in Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) and their Potential Role in Vascular Function

2021 ◽  
pp. 105995
Author(s):  
Taylor R. Miron ◽  
Emma D. Flood ◽  
Nathan Tykocki ◽  
Janice M. Thompson ◽  
Stephanie W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function

2009 ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Beatriz Somoza
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Wang ◽  
Junhui Xing ◽  
Mengduan Liu ◽  
Mingming Gao ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
First Time

Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.

scholarly journals The role of perivascular adipose tissue in vasoconstriction, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Villacorta ◽  
Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Neointimal Formation ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractSince the “rediscovery” of brown adipose tissue in adult humans, significant scientific efforts are being pursued to identify the molecular mechanisms to promote a phenotypic change of white adipocytes into brown-like cells, a process called “browning”. It is well documented that white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and factors released from WAT influence the vascular function and positively correlate with cardiac arrest, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications. Similar to other fat depots, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ and anatomically surrounds vessels. Both brown-like and white-like PVAT secrete various adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors that either prevent or promote the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) depending on the relative abundance of each type and their bioactivity in the neighboring vasculature. Notably, pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, or diabetes, induce the imbalance of PVAT-derived vasoactive products that promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This then triggers derangements in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting in the development of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the contribution of PVAT in CVDs. Specifically, we summarize the current proposed roles of PVAT in relationship with vascular contractility, endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm.

scholarly journals Modulation of vascular function by perivascular adipose tissue: the role of endothelium and hydrogen peroxide

2007 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-J Gao ◽  
C Lu ◽  
L-Y Su ◽  
A M Sharma ◽  
R M K W Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Abstract: P170 EFFECT OF LOSARTAN ON VASCULAR FUNCTION IN FRUCTOSEFED RATS: THE ROLE OF PERIVASCULAR ADIPOSE TISSUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e487
Author(s):  
F Huang ◽  
MA Rosas Lezama ◽  
JA Perez Ontiveros ◽  
E Hong
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Effect of Losartan on Vascular Function in Fructose-Fed Rats: The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyang Huang ◽  
Miguel Angel Rosas Lezama ◽  
José Alfredo Pérez Ontiveros ◽  
Guadalupe Bravo ◽  
Santiago Villafaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Association of Gut Hormones and Microbiota with Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
Giuseppe Rodia ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
Carmine Cardillo ◽  
Umberto Campia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

In the past few decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity is among the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, since chronic fat accumulation leads to dysfunction in vascular endothelium and to a precocious arterial stiffness. So far, not all the mechanisms linking adipose tissue and vascular reactivity have been explained. Recently, novel findings reported interesting pathological link between endothelial dysfunction with gut hormones and gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest an active role of gut secretome in regulating the mediators of vascular function, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that need to be further investigated. Moreover, a central role of brain has been suggested as a main player in the regulation of the different factors and hormones beyond these complex mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to discuss the state of the art in this field, by focusing on the processes leading to endothelial dysfunction mediated by obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance. The role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), gut hormones, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the CNS function in controlling satiety have been considered. Further understanding the crosstalk between these complex mechanisms will allow us to better design novel strategies for the prevention of obesity and its complications.

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