scholarly journals Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Wang ◽  
Junhui Xing ◽  
Mengduan Liu ◽  
Mingming Gao ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
First Time

Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.

scholarly journals Potential role of perivascular adipose tissue in modulating atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Ahmadieh ◽  
Ha Won Kim ◽  
Neal L. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Abstract Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly juxtaposes the vascular adventitia and contains a distinct mixture of mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, stem cells, and inflammatory cells that communicate via adipocytokines and other signaling mediators with the nearby vessel wall to regulate vascular function. Cross-talk between perivascular adipocytes and the cells in the blood vessel wall is vital for normal vascular function and becomes perturbed in diseases such as atherosclerosis. Perivascular adipocytes surrounding coronary arteries may be primed to promote inflammation and angiogenesis, and PVAT phenotypic changes occurring in the setting of obesity, hyperlipidemia etc., are fundamentally important in determining a pathogenic versus protective role of PVAT in vascular disease. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the role of perivascular adipocytes in modulating vascular function. However, their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in humans, is yet to be fully elucidated. This review will highlight the complex mechanisms whereby PVAT regulates atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on clinical implications of PVAT and emerging strategies for evaluation and treatment of CVD based on PVAT biology.

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function

2009 ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Beatriz Somoza
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Concha F. García-Prieto ◽  
Isabel Aranguez ◽  
Mariano Ruiz-Gayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
First Time

Most blood vessels are surrounded by adipose tissue. Similarly to the adventitia, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was considered only as a passive structural support for the vasculature, and it was routinely removed for isolated blood vessel studies. In 1991, Soltis and Cassis demonstrated for the first time that PVAT reduced contractions to noradrenaline in rat aorta. Since then, an important number of adipocyte-derived factors with physiological and pathophysiological paracrine vasoactive effects have been identified. PVAT undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity. During early diet-induced obesity, an adaptative overproduction of vasodilator factors occurs in PVAT, probably aimed at protecting vascular function. However, in established obesity, PVAT loses its anticontractile properties by an increase of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory factors, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The aim of this review is to focus on PVAT dysfunction mechanisms in obesity.

Effect of Losartan on Vascular Function in Fructose-Fed Rats: The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyang Huang ◽  
Miguel Angel Rosas Lezama ◽  
José Alfredo Pérez Ontiveros ◽  
Guadalupe Bravo ◽  
Santiago Villafaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Association of Gut Hormones and Microbiota with Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
Giuseppe Rodia ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
Carmine Cardillo ◽  
Umberto Campia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

In the past few decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity is among the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, since chronic fat accumulation leads to dysfunction in vascular endothelium and to a precocious arterial stiffness. So far, not all the mechanisms linking adipose tissue and vascular reactivity have been explained. Recently, novel findings reported interesting pathological link between endothelial dysfunction with gut hormones and gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest an active role of gut secretome in regulating the mediators of vascular function, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that need to be further investigated. Moreover, a central role of brain has been suggested as a main player in the regulation of the different factors and hormones beyond these complex mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to discuss the state of the art in this field, by focusing on the processes leading to endothelial dysfunction mediated by obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance. The role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), gut hormones, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the CNS function in controlling satiety have been considered. Further understanding the crosstalk between these complex mechanisms will allow us to better design novel strategies for the prevention of obesity and its complications.

scholarly journals Novel role of the ER/SR Ca2+ sensor STIM1 in the regulation of cardiac metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1014-H1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Collins ◽  
Betty M. Pat ◽  
Luyun Zou ◽  
Silvio H. Litovsky ◽  
Adam R. Wende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ◽  
First Time

The endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a key mediator of store-operated Ca2+ entry, is expressed in cardiomyocytes and has been implicated in regulating multiple cardiac processes, including hypertrophic signaling. Interestingly, cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of STIM1 (crSTIM1-KO) results in age-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress, altered mitochondrial morphology, and dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that STIM1 deficiency may also impact cardiac metabolism. Hearts isolated from 20-wk-old crSTIM1-KO mice exhibited a significant reduction in both oxidative and nonoxidative glucose utilization. Consistent with the reduction in glucose utilization, expression of glucose transporter 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were all reduced, whereas pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation were increased, in crSTIM1-KO hearts. Despite similar rates of fatty acid oxidation in control and crSTIM1-KO hearts ex vivo, crSTIM1-KO hearts contained increased lipid/triglyceride content as well as increased fatty acid-binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, hormone-sensitive lipase, and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with control hearts, suggestive of a possible imbalance between fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Insulin-mediated alterations in AKT phosphorylation were observed in crSTIM1-KO hearts, consistent with cardiac insulin resistance. Interestingly, we observed abnormal mitochondria and increased lipid accumulation in 12-wk crSTIM1-KO hearts, suggesting that these changes may initiate the subsequent metabolic dysfunction. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that cardiomyocyte STIM1 may play a key role in regulating cardiac metabolism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Little is known of the physiological role of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in the heart. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that hearts lacking cardiomyocyte STIM1 exhibit dysregulation of both cardiac glucose and lipid metabolism. Consequently, these results suggest a potentially novel role for STIM1 in regulating cardiac metabolism.

scholarly journals Perivascular adipose tissue modulates vascular function in the human internal thoracic artery

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jing Gao ◽  
Zhao-hua Zeng ◽  
Kevin Teoh ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
Labib Abouzahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO IMPROVE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEX OF CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-775
Author(s):  
Mei Qin ◽  
Cunshan Peng ◽  
Qingke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Contractility Of The Heart

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can enhance the body's ability to adapt to the external environment and improve the contractility of the heart. At the same time, it can help improve blood circulation and increase lung capacity. Objective: This article explores the critical role of sports in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This article conducts tests on related physiological indicators such as hemodynamic rheology for students who regularly participate in physical exercise and those who do not participate in physical exercise. Results: Students who exercise regularly and those who do not exercise mobilize faster cardiovascular function at the beginning of work. This shows good adaptability to sports. Conclusion: The use of fitness exercise prescription by students who exercise comprehensively has the most pronounced effect on improving vascular function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

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